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1. Emuclens
2. Erisept
3. Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether
4. Phenoxethol
5. Phenoxyethanol
1. Phenoxyethanol
2. 122-99-6
3. Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether
4. Phenyl Cellosolve
5. Phenoxethol
6. Phenoxytol
7. Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-
8. 2-phenoxyethan-1-ol
9. Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether
10. Phenoxetol
11. Phenoxyethyl Alcohol
12. 1-hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
13. Rose Ether
14. Phenylmonoglycol Ether
15. Arosol
16. Dowanol Ep
17. 2-phenoxyethyl Alcohol
18. Glycol Monophenyl Ether
19. 2-hydroxyethyl Phenyl Ether
20. Phenylglycol
21. Fenyl-cellosolve
22. 2-fenoxyethanol
23. Dowanol Eph
24. 2-phenoxy-ethanol
25. Emery 6705
26. Emeressence 1160
27. Fenylcelosolv
28. Beta-hydroxyethyl Phenyl Ether
29. Nsc 1864
30. Mfcd00002857
31. Phe-g
32. .beta.-hydroxyethyl Phenyl Ether
33. Nsc-1864
34. 2-phenoxy Ethanol
35. 9004-78-8
36. Phenoxyethanol [nf]
37. .beta.-phenoxyethyl Alcohol
38. Hie492zz3t
39. Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), Alpha-phenyl-omega-hydroxy-
40. Ethylene Glycol-monophenyl Ether
41. Fema No. 4620
42. Chebi:64275
43. Nsc1864
44. Phenoxyethanol (nf)
45. Ncgc00090731-01
46. Ncgc00090731-05
47. Dsstox_cid_1976
48. Dsstox_rid_76437
49. Dsstox_gsid_21976
50. Egmpe
51. Fenylcelosolv [czech]
52. 2-fenoxyethanol [czech]
53. Fenyl-cellosolve [czech]
54. Plastiazan-41 [russian]
55. Plastiazan-41
56. Beta-phenoxyethanol
57. Cas-122-99-6
58. Phenol, Ethoxylated
59. .beta.-phenoxyethanol
60. Hsdb 5595
61. Phe-s
62. Einecs 204-589-7
63. Unii-hie492zz3t
64. Brn 1364011
65. Ai3-00752()c
66. Phenylcellosolve
67. Ethyleneglycol Monophenyl Ether
68. Ccris 9481
69. Dalpad A
70. 2-phenyloxyethanol
71. Newpol Efp
72. 2-(phenoxy)ethanol
73. Beta-hydroxyphenetole
74. 2-phenoxy-1-ethanol
75. Beta-phenoxyethylalcohol
76. Starbld0047047
77. 2-phenoxyethanol, 9ci
78. 2-phenoxyethanol, 99%
79. Wln: Q2or
80. Ec 204-589-7
81. Phenoxyethanol [ii]
82. Schembl15708
83. 2-phenoxyethanol, >=99%
84. Phenoxyethanol [hsdb]
85. Phenoxyethanol [inci]
86. 4-06-00-00571 (beilstein Handbook Reference)
87. Mls002174254
88. Euxyl K 400 (salt/mix)
89. 2-phenoxyethanol [mi]
90. Phenoxyethanol [mart.]
91. Phenoxyethanol [usp-rs]
92. Phenoxyethanol [who-dd]
93. 2-phenoxyethanol 500ml
94. Chembl1229846
95. Dtxsid9021976
96. Amy9420
97. Hms2268a20
98. Nsc1864nsc 1864
99. Hy-b1729
100. Polyethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether
101. Str04582
102. Zinc1577061
103. Tox21_111002
104. Tox21_113532
105. Tox21_202111
106. Tox21_300842
107. Bbl027410
108. Phenoxyethanol [ep Monograph]
109. Stk802556
110. 2-phenoxyethanol, Analytical Standard
111. Fungal Terminator [veterinary] (tn)
112. Akos000118741
113. Tox21_111002_1
114. Db11304
115. Ncgc00090731-02
116. Ncgc00090731-03
117. Ncgc00090731-04
118. Ncgc00090731-06
119. Ncgc00090731-07
120. Ncgc00090731-08
121. Ncgc00254745-01
122. Ncgc00259660-01
123. 56257-90-0
124. Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether, >=90%
125. Smr000112131
126. Ethanol,2-phenoxy Mfc8 H10 O2
127. Cs-0013737
128. Ft-0613280
129. P0115
130. P1953
131. 2-phenoxyethanol, Tested According To Ph.eur.
132. D08359
133. A805003
134. Q418038
135. Sr-01000838345
136. J-510235
137. Sr-01000838345-2
138. F1905-6997
139. Z426194440
140. Ethyleneglycol-monophenyl Ether 100 Microg/ml In Methanol
141. Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether, Saj First Grade, >=95.0%
142. Ethylene Glycol-monophenyl Ether 1000 Microg/ml In Methanol
143. Phenoxyethanol, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard
144. Phenoxyethanol, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard
145. 2-phenoxyethanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
| Molecular Weight | 138.16 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C8H10O2 |
| XLogP3 | 1.2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Exact Mass | 138.068079557 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 138.068079557 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 29.5 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 10 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 77.3 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
Phenoxyethanol (PE) is a preservative added to cosmetics and pharmaceuticals such as antibiotic ointments and solutions, ear-drops, and vaccines.
Bohn S and Bircher AJ; Allergy 56: 922-923 (2001) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.00218.x/full
Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Anesthetics
National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)
Phenoxyethanol has antibacterial properties and is effective against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa even in the presence of 20% serum. It is less effective against Proteus vulgaris, other Gram-negative organisms, and Gram-positive organisms. It has been used as a preservative at a concentration of 1%. A wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity is obtained with preservative mixtures of phenoxyethanol and hydroxybenzoates. Phenoxyethanol may be used as a 2.2% solution or a 2% cream for the treatment of superficial wounds, burns, or abscesses infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In skin infection derivatives of phenoxyethanol are used with either cyclic acid or zinc undecenoate.
Reynolds, J.E.F., Prasad, A.B. (eds.) Martindale-The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982., p. 1288
TOPICAL ANTISEPTIC
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989., p. 1153
Peritonitis is the established term for infective inflammation of the peritoneum, whereas serositis generally refers to aseptic inflammation of a serous cavity, including the peritoneum. Serositis may be metabolic, viral, autoimmune, drug induced, genetic, allergic or granulomatous, or due to chemical antiseptics. In ...gynecological department, 4 patients had peritonitis and ascites after laparotomy. Based on the investigation... the solution used for peritoneal lavage (0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride and 2% phenoxyethanol) played a role in the tissue toxicity that caused chemical serositis with effusion.
PMID:15863605 Hupuczi P, Papp Z; Obstet Gynecol 105 (5 Pt 2): 1267-8 (2005)
Antimicrobial agent used as a preservative in cosmetics,,.
This substance has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and mold.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)
Anesthetics
Agents capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics.)
Route of Elimination
The fate of phenoxyethanol in rats and humans has been investigated. More than 90% of an oral dose of 16, 27 or 160 mg/kg body weight of (2-(14)C)phenoxyethanol administered to male Colworth rats by was excreted in the urine within 24 hours of administration. A female rat also excreted about 90% of a dose of 27 mg/kg body weight in the urine within 24 hours. About 2% and 1.3% of the ingested dose was recovered from the exhaled air of female and male rats, respectively.
Volume of Distribution
A pharmacokinetic study of phenoxyethanol was performed using a mass spectrometry model for simultaneous analysis of phenoxyethanol (PE) and its major metabolite, phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), in rat plasma, urine, and 7 different tissues. The absolute topical bioavailability of PE was 75.4% and 76.0% for emulsion and lotion, respectively. Conversion of PE to PAA was extensive, with the average AUCPAA-to-AUCPE ratio being 4.4 and 5.3 for emulsion and lotion, respectively. The steady-state tissue-to-plasma PE concentration ratio (Kp) was higher than unity for kidney, spleen, heart, brain, and testis and was lower (0.6) for lung and liver, while the metabolite Kp ratio was higher than unity for kidney, liver, lung, and testis and was lower (0.3) for other tissues.
... An entire oral dose of 11 mg of unlabelled 2-phenoxyethanol was accounted for in the urine of one healthy male volunteer as 2-phenoxyacetic acid. Most of the acid was excreted unconjugated.
WHO/FAO: Expert Committee on food additives. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series for 2-phenoxyethanol (122-99-6) (2003). Available from, as of October 25, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
The fate of 2-phenoxyethanol in rats and humans has been investigated. More than 90% of an oral dose of 16, 27 or 160 mg/kg bw of (2-(14)C)phenoxyethanol given to male Colworth rats by gavage was excreted in the urine within 24 hr. A female rat also excreted about 90% of a dose of 27 mg/kg bw in the urine within 24 hr. Approximately 2 and 1.3% of the ingested dose was recovered from expired air of female and male rats, respectively. The rate of intestinal absorption was rapid, with 60-70% of the excreted (14)C detected at 3 hr and > 95% of the total 4-day urinary (14)C detected within the first 24 hr. Trace amounts of radioactivity were detected in feces. Four days after dosing, only trace amounts of radioactivity remained in the carcass, primarily in the liver (< 0.2% of the dose), fat and muscle. At 4 days, the (14)C concentration in blood was only 0.001.
WHO/FAO: Expert Committee on food additives. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series for 2-phenoxyethanol (122-99-6) (2003). Available from, as of October 25, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
... NOT READILY ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN IN ACUTELY TOXIC AMT.
Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 3944
2-PHENOXYETHANOL (0.1-0.5 ML/L) SEDATED OR ANESTHETIZED FISH WITHIN MINUTES WHEN THE ANIMALS WERE IMMERSED IN THE AGENT. WHEN ADMIN IN THIS WAY, THE ANESTHETIC WAS ABSORBED INTO THE BLOOD STREAM THROUGH THE GILL LAMELLAE.
PMID:4346046 JOLLY DW ET AL; VET REC 91 (18): 424 (1972)
The fate of phenoxyethanol in rats and humans has been investigated. The rate of intestinal absorption was rapid, with 60-70% of the excreted (14)C detected at 3 hours and > 95% of the total 4-day urinary (14)C detected within the first 24 hr. Trace amounts of radioactivity were detected in feces. Four days after dosing, only trace amounts of radioactivity remained in the carcass, primarily in the liver (< 0.2% of the dose), fat and muscle. At the 4 day point, the (14)C concentration in blood was measured to be only 0.001. The major metabolite of phenoxyethanol is phenoxyacetic acid.
Once hydrolyzed, 2-phenoxyethanol is rapidly absorbed and oxidized to phenoxyacetic acid ...
WHO/FAO: Expert Committee on food additives. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series for 2-phenoxyethanol (122-99-6) (2003). Available from, as of October 25, 2011: https://www.inchem.org/pages/jecfa.html
YIELDS PHENOL IN CONIOPHORA, IN PLEUROTUS, & IN POLYSTICTUS ... . /FROM TABLE/
Goodwin, B.L. Handbook of Intermediary Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds. New York: Wiley, 1976., p. 10
The toxicity of glycol ethers is associated with their oxidation to the corresponding aldehyde and alkoxyacetic acid by cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1.) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; 1.2.1.3). Dermal exposure to these compounds can result in localised or systemic toxicity including skin sensitisation and irritancy, reproductive, developmental and hematological effects. It has previously been shown that skin has the capacity for local metabolism of applied chemicals. Therefore, there is a requirement to consider metabolism during dermal absorption of these compounds in risk assessment for humans. Cytosolic fractions were prepared from rat liver, and whole and dermatomed skin by differential centrifugation. Rat skin cytosolic fractions were also prepared following multiple dermal exposure to dexamethasone, ethanol or 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE). The rate of ethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE), ethylene glycol, 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) and 2-BE conversion to alkoxyacetic acid by ADH/ALDH in these fractions was continuously monitored by UV spectrophotometry via the conversion of NAD+ to NADH at 340 nm. Rates of ADH oxidation by rat liver cytosol were greatest for ethanol followed by 2-EE >ethylene glycol >2-PE >2-BE. However, the order of metabolism changed to 2-BE >2-PE >ethylene glycol >2-EE >ethanol using whole and dermatomed rat skin cytosolic fractions, with approximately twice the specific activity in dermatomed skin cytosol relative to whole rat skin. This suggests that ADH and ALDH are localised in the epidermis that constitutes more of the protein in dermatomed skin than whole skin cytosol. Inhibition of ADH oxidation in rat liver cytosol by pyrazole was greatest for ethanol followed by 2-EE >ethylene glycol >2-PE >2-BE, but it only inhibited ethanol metabolism by 40% in skin cytosol. Disulfiram completely inhibited alcohol and glycol ether metabolism in the liver and skin cytosolic fractions. Although ADH1, ADH2 and ADH3 are expressed at the protein level in rat liver, only ADH1 and ADH2 are selectively inhibited by pyrazole and they constitute the predominant isoforms that metabolise short-chain alcohols in preference to intermediate chain-length alcohols. However, ADH1, ADH3 and ADH4 predominate in rat skin, demonstrate different sensitivities to pyrazole, and are responsible for metabolising glycol ethers. ALDH1 is the predominant isoform in rat liver and skin cytosolic fractions that is selectively inhibited by disulfiram and responds to the amount of aldehyde formed by the ADH isoforms expressed in these tissues. Thus, the different affinity of ADH and ALDH for alcohols and glycol ethers of different carbon-chain length may reflect the relative isoform expression in rat liver and skin. Following multiple topical exposure, ethanol metabolism increased the most following ethanol treatment, and 2-BE metabolism increased the most following 2-BE treatment. Ethanol and 2-BE may induce specific ADH and ALDH isoforms that preferentially metabolise short-chain alcohols (i.e. ADH1, ALDH1) and longer chain alcohols (i.e. ADH3, ADH4, ALDH1), respectively. Treatment with a general inducing agent such as dexamethasone enhanced ethanol and 2-BE metabolism suggesting induction of multiple ADH isoforms.
PMID:15551062 Lockley DJ et al; Arch Toxicol 79 (3): 160-8 (2005)
Studies were conducted... to evaluate the in vitro hemolytic potential of / ethylene glycol phenyl ether/ EGPE and its major metabolite using rabbit red blood cells (RBC). Phenoxyacetic acid (PAA) was identified as a major blood metabolite of EGPE. In vitro exposure of female rabbit erythrocytes indicated EGPE to be considerably more hemolytic than PAA.
PMID:1794651 Breslin WJ et al; Fundam Appl Toxicol 17 (3): 466-81 (1991)
Phenoxyethanol has antibacterial properties and is effective against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa even in the presence of 20% serum. It not as effective against Proteus vulgaris, other gram-negative organisms, and gram-positive organisms. Phenoxyethanol has been used as a preservative at a concentration of 1%. A wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity is achieved with preservative mixtures of phenoxyethanol and hydroxybenzoates. Phenoxyethanol may be used as a 2.2% solution or a 2% cream for the treatment of superficial wounds, burns, or abscesses infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In skin infection, derivatives of phenoxyethanol are used in combination with either cyclic acid or zinc undecenoate.
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