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Chemistry

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Also known as: Potassium alum, 10043-67-1, Potash alum, Potassium aluminium sulfate, Burnt potassium alum, Burnt alum
Molecular Formula
AlKO8S2
Molecular Weight
258.21  g/mol
InChI Key
GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J
FDA UNII
09OXB01F3O

Potassium Alum
Potassium alum is considered by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance. It is an inorganic salt, also called potassium aluminum sulfate with a formula of AlK(SO4)2 that is predominantly produced in the dodecahydrate form (AlK(SO4)2 * 12H2O). Potassium alum is formed by large, transparent crystals that are used in different products like food or drugs as a buffer, neutralizing or forming agent.
1 2D Structure

Potassium Alum

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
aluminum;potassium;disulfate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/Al.K.2H2O4S/c;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;+1;;/p-4
2.1.3 InChI Key
GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[K+]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
09OXB01F3O
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Alum

2. Alum, Potassium

3. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate 12-hydrate

4. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate Hydrate (1:1:2:12)

5. Aluminum Hydrogen Sulfate

6. Aluminum Potassium Disulfate Dodecahydrate

7. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Dodecahydrate

8. Aluminum Sulfate

9. Potassium Alum

10. Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Potassium Alum

2. 10043-67-1

3. Potash Alum

4. Potassium Aluminium Sulfate

5. Burnt Potassium Alum

6. Burnt Alum

7. Aluminum Potassium Disulfate

8. Aluminum Potassium Alum

9. Potassium Aluminum Sulfate

10. Aluminium Potassium Bis(sulphate)

11. Potassium Aluminum Alum

12. Alum, Potassium Anhydrous

13. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate

14. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, Anhydrous

15. Sulfuric Acid, Aluminum Potassium Salt (2:1:1)

16. Aluminum;potassium;disulfate

17. Potassium Aluminum Disulfate

18. 09oxb01f3o

19. Alum Potassium

20. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Anhydrous

21. Exsiccated Alum

22. 15007-61-1

23. Tai-ace K 20

24. Tai-ace K 150

25. Dialuminum Dipotassium Sulfate

26. Ccris 6842

27. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, Alum

28. Hsdb 2685

29. Potassium Alum Anhydrous

30. Alum, N.f.

31. Einecs 233-141-3

32. Potassium Aluminum Sulfate (1:1:2)

33. Unii-09oxb01f3o

34. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate (alk(so4)2)

35. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate (kal(so4)2)

36. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate (1/1/2)

37. Potassium-alum

38. Potash-alum

39. Aluminum Sulfate-22%

40. Potassium-alum-

41. Aluminum Sulfate N-hydrate

42. Potassium Aluminum Sulphate

43. Ec 233-141-3

44. Alk(so4)2

45. Sulfuric Acid, Aluminium Potassium Salt (2:1:1)

46. Aluminumpotassiumsulfate

47. Burnt Alum (anhydrous)

48. Ins No.522

49. Alum, Potassium [hsdb]

50. Aluminum Sulfate N-hydrate Acs

51. Aluminum(iii) Potassium Sulfate

52. Dtxsid9039234

53. Chebi:86463

54. Ins-522

55. Aluminum Potassium Sulphate

56. Mfcd00003428

57. Akos015856586

58. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate [mi]

59. Db09087

60. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate [fcc]

61. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate [vandf]

62. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate Anhydrous

63. Aluminum Potassium Sulphate Anhydrous

64. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate [who-dd]

65. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate, Pure, Anhydrous

66. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate (1:1:2)

67. E-522

68. Ft-0622226

69. Ft-0626636

70. Aluminium Potassium Sulfate (1:1:2)

71. Aluminum Potassium Sulphate (1:1:2)

72. Aluminium Potassium-sulfate Dodecahydrate

73. Q411309

74. Sulfuric Acid, Aluminumpotassium Salt (8ci,9ci)

75. Aluminum Potassium Sulfate, Puriss., Anhydrous, Calcined, >=98% (calc With Ref. To Anhyd. Subst.), Powder

2.4 Create Date
2005-08-08
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 258.21 g/mol
Molecular Formula AlKO8S2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count8
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass257.8487042 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass257.8487042 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area177 Ų
Heavy Atom Count12
Formal Charge0
Complexity62.2
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count4
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Potassium alum is considered safe by the FDA and its use is in homepathic or OTC products. Due to its presence in several different drugs, the main indications for the use of potassium alum are: -Constipation -Cosmetic or drug astringent, helping the shrinkage of tissues and the dry of secretions -Oral health care drug -Part of formulation in cleansing products, skin-care products, mosturizers, face powders and deodorants -Antiperspirant -Antifungal


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

The presence of potassium alum reduces swollen mucous membranes that result from inflammation of the nasal, gastrointestinal and urinary passages as well as in the presence of excessive secretions. The induction of the coagulation cascade will also stop bleeding.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity. (See all compounds classified as Adjuvants, Immunologic.)


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Potassium alum is found in its dodecahydrate form that produces a very large molecule. This large molecule cannot be absorbed through the skin when this substance is included as an astringent agent in topical OTC. If ingested, the aluminum salts are rapidly solubilized in the stomach and then they can generate aluminum hydroxide or poorly absorbed basic aluminum salts.


Route of Elimination

When potassium alum is absorbed, the kidney is responsible for the elimination of the major portion of the absorbed dose. From the excretion, 0.1-0.3% of the absorbed dose is eliminated via the urine.


Volume of Distribution

The distribution of aluminum salts in the body is influenced by increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. It was shown, in preclinical studies, that oral administration of aluminum salts produces a distribution profile that forms deposits in kidneys, muscle, bone and gray matter.


Clearance

Renal clearance of aluminum is approximately 5-10% of the excretion of urea or creatinine. The reduced clearance of aluminum compounds is due to the high protein binding.


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

Potassium alum does not go through a metabolic pathway. When ingested or absorbed, it will get rapidly dissolved and it will form ions that will later generate other salt derivatives.


5.5 Biological Half-Life

Studies performed with aluminum compounds have shown a half-life of 4.5 h when administered intravenously.


5.6 Mechanism of Action

The main functions of potassium alum in drugs are as an astringent, antiseptic or adjuvant agent. The astringent action is performed by the induction of coagulation in the superficial tissue layers until the formation of a crust. The formation of alum ions neutralize the charges on plasma proteins, causing the blood to coagulate. Similar effect is observed in disinfectants where these ions react with the free organic acid and thiol groups of proteins on microbes and free proteins, resulting in protein precipitation. This action will generate the contraction of the tissue and dry up secretions. Its adjuvant properties are mainly used in the production of vaccines where the presence of this chemical enhances the immune response.


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