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1. 4 Aminohippuric Acid
2. 4-aminohippuric Acid
3. Aminohippurate Sodium
4. Nephrotest
5. P Aminohippurate
6. P Aminohippuric Acid
7. P-aminohippurate
8. P-aminohippuric Acid
9. Para Aminohippuric Acid
10. Para-aminohippurate, Sodium
11. Para-aminohippuric Acid
12. Sodium Para Aminohippurate
13. Sodium Para-aminohippurate
14. Sodium, Aminohippurate
1. 4-aminohippuric Acid
2. 61-78-9
3. P-aminohippuric Acid
4. N-(4-aminobenzoyl)glycine
5. Glycine, N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-
6. Paha
7. Para-aminohippuric Acid
8. Nefrotest
9. 2-(4-aminobenzamido)acetic Acid
10. N-(p-aminobenzoyl)glycine
11. Aminohippurate
12. Para-aminohippurate
13. Pah (amino Acid)
14. Aminohippurate Sodium
15. P-aminohippurate
16. 4-amino Hippuric Acid
17. N-(para-aminobenzoyl)glycine
18. Hippuric Acid, P-amino-
19. N-(p-aminobenzoyl)aminoacetic Acid
20. 2-[(4-aminobenzoyl)amino]acetic Acid
21. Pah
22. Paraaminohippuric Acid
23. Nsc 13064
24. 2-[(4-aminophenyl)formamido]acetic Acid
25. Aminohippuric Acid, P-
26. Nsc-13064
27. Aminohippuric Acid [usp]
28. N-(4-aminobenzoyl-d4)glycine
29. Y79xt83bj9
30. Chebi:104011
31. N-[(4-aminophenyl)carbonyl]glycine
32. 4-aminohippurate
33. Cas-61-78-9
34. Ncgc00016279-01
35. Aminohippuric Acid (usp)
36. Dsstox_cid_2590
37. 94-16-6
38. Dsstox_rid_76648
39. Dsstox_gsid_22590
40. N-(p-aminobenzoyl)aminoacetate
41. Hsdb 2139
42. Sr-05000002048
43. Einecs 200-518-9
44. Mfcd00007890
45. Unii-y79xt83bj9
46. Ai3-52275
47. 4-aminohippuricacid
48. 4-aminohippuric-acid
49. Spectrum_001310
50. (p-aminobenzoyl)glycine
51. (4-aminobenzoyl)glycine
52. Prestwick0_000895
53. Prestwick1_000895
54. Prestwick2_000895
55. Prestwick3_000895
56. Spectrum2_001515
57. Spectrum3_000952
58. Spectrum4_001065
59. Spectrum5_001100
60. Chembl463
61. Oprea1_490712
62. Bspbio_000710
63. Kbiogr_001390
64. Kbioss_001790
65. Mls002154055
66. Divk1c_000694
67. Schembl196513
68. Spectrum1503069
69. Spbio_001589
70. Spbio_002919
71. Bpbio1_000782
72. Gtpl4810
73. P-aminohippuric Acid, >=99%
74. Dtxsid7022590
75. Hms502c16
76. Kbio1_000694
77. Kbio2_001790
78. Kbio2_004358
79. Kbio2_006926
80. Kbio3_002044
81. Aminohippuric Acid [hsdb]
82. Nsc7550
83. Ninds_000694
84. P-aminohippuric Acid [mi]
85. Hms1570d12
86. Hms1922c07
87. Hms2092h18
88. Hms2097d12
89. Hms2233a21
90. Hms3373e19
91. Hms3651l04
92. Hms3714d12
93. Pharmakon1600-01503069
94. Zinc119344
95. Aminohippuric Acid [mart.]
96. Albb-025851
97. Aminohippuric Acid [usp-rs]
98. Aminohippuric Acid [who-dd]
99. Bcp04299
100. Hy-b1306
101. Nsc-7550
102. Nsc13064
103. 4-aminohippuric Acid Biotech
104. Tox21_110345
105. Bbl027666
106. Ccg-39181
107. Nsc758232
108. S2883
109. Stk801822
110. [(4-aminobenzoyl)amino]acetic Acid #
111. Akos000120722
112. Tox21_110345_1
113. Cs-4816
114. Db00345
115. Nsc-758232
116. Idi1_000694
117. P-aminohippuric Acid, >=98.0% (t)
118. Ncgc00016279-02
119. Ncgc00016279-03
120. Ncgc00016279-05
121. Ncgc00094993-01
122. Ncgc00094993-02
123. Ac-29237
124. Aminohippuric Acid [usp Monograph]
125. Smr001233372
126. Sbi-0051760.p002
127. Db-053989
128. A0313
129. Ab00052309
130. Ft-0617576
131. Ft-0622289
132. Sw197249-3
133. 7e-944
134. A16384
135. D06890
136. D88242
137. Ab00052309_08
138. A833420
139. A936052
140. Q291271
141. Sr-05000002048-1
142. Sr-05000002048-3
143. W-203306
144. Z1270312078
145. Aminohippuric Acid, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard
| Molecular Weight | 194.19 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C9H10N2O3 |
| XLogP3 | -0.9 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Exact Mass | 194.06914219 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 194.06914219 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 92.4 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 14 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 222 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
Aminohippurate sodium (PAH) is used in plasma concentrations of 10-20 ug/ml to estimate effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) which is an index of renal function. In these low plasma concentrations, PAH is extracted almost completely from the plasma with each passage through functional renal tissue, and the value obtained for PAH clearance is accepted as being numerically equal to the ERPF. In plasma concentration of 400-600 ug/ml, PAH is used in conjunction with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurements to estimate the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism. Since PAH is excreted both by tubular secretion and glomerular filtration, tubular transport capacity can be determined by comparing PAH excretion with values for GFR obtained by inulin clearance. Although this test may be the best quantitative measure of functioning nephron mass, its complexity prevents its widespread use. PAH clearance tests are more accurate but also more complex than phenolsulfonphthalein excretion tests for evaluation of renal blood flow. In most clinical situations, simpler (although less precise) methods of renal function evaluation are used.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1769
MEDICATION: DIAGNOSTIC AID (RENAL FUNCTION DETERMINATION) /SRP: NOT COMMONLY USED IN RENAL FUNCTION TEST/
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 77
AT PLASMA LEVELS USED TO MEASURE MAX TUBULAR SECRETION, PAH SIGNIFICANTLY INCR SODIUM, POTASSIUM, & PHOSPHORUS CLEARANCE IN HUMAN VOLUNTEERS. AT LEVELS USED TO MEASURE RENAL PLASMA FLOW, IT INCREASED ONLY SODIUM CLEARANCE.
BENNETT ET AL; NEPHRON 16 (3): 197 (1975)
MANY WORKERS ROUTINELY USE CLEARANCE OF PAH AS AN ESTIMATE OF RENAL PLASMA FLOW. ...PRACTICE /WAS NOT RECOMMENDED/ FOR 3 REASONS: 1) RENAL EXTRACTION OF PAH IS...VARIABLE EVEN WHEN PLASMA CONCN IS LOW, 2) PAH IS REABSORBED, 3) PAH MAY SUPPRESS RENAL TRANSPORT OF TEST DRUG IF IT IS A WEAK ORGANIC ACID.
LaDu, B.N., H.G. Mandel, and E.L. Way. Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971., p. 127
WHEN PLASMA CONCN OF PAH ARE RAISED RAPIDLY, PATIENTS MAY EXPERIENCE NAUSEA OR VOMITING & A SENSATION OF SUDDEN WARMTH, SYMPTOMS THAT CAN BE AVOIDED BY INFUSING DRUG MORE SLOWLY.
American Medical Association, Council on Drugs. AMA Drug Evaluations. 2nd ed. Acton, Mass.: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 1973., p. 762
Adverse reactions which have been reported in association with the administration of aminohippurate sodium (PAH) include nausea, vomiting, cramps, vasomotor disturbances, flushing, tingling, a sensation of warmth, and the desire to defecate or urinate during or shortly after administration of the drug.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1770
PAH must be administered with caution in patients with low cardiac reserve, since a rapid increase in plasma volume may precipitate congestive heart failure. The large dose required to achieve the plasma concentrations necessary for the determination of the maximum tubular secretion should be administered slowly and with caution, and the patient should be continuously observed for any adverse reactions. PAH is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredient in the formulation.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1770
Used to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and to determine the functional capacity of the tubular excretory mechanism.
Aminohippurate (p-aminohippuric acid, PAH, PAHA) is the glycine amide of p-aminobenzoic acid. It is filtered by the glomeruli and is actively secreted by the proximal tubules. At low plasma concentrations (1.0 to 2.0 mg/100 mL), an average of 90 percent of aminohippurate is cleared by the kidneys from the renal blood stream in a single circulation. It is ideally suited for measurement of ERPF since it has a high clearance, is essentially nontoxic at the plasma concentrations reached with recommended doses, and its analytical determination is relatively simple and accurate. Aminohippurate is also used to measure the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism or transport maximum (TmPAH). This is accomplished by elevating the plasma concentration to levels (40-60 mg/100 mL) sufficient to saturate the maximal capacity of the tubular cells to secrete aminohippurate. Inulin clearance is generally measured during TmPAH determinations since glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be known before calculations of secretory Tm measurements can be done.
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) (See all compounds classified as Indicators and Reagents.)
V - Various
V04 - Diagnostic agents
V04C - Other diagnostic agents
V04CH - Tests for renal function and ureteral injuries
V04CH30 - Aminohippuric acid
EXCRETION OF P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID DURING SWEATING IN MAN: SWEAT/PLASMA RATIO: 0.02; PKA= 3.8. /FROM TABLE/
LaDu, B.N., H.G. Mandel, and E.L. Way. Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971., p. 143
1.4% OF DOSE OF P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID IS EXCRETED IN BILE OF RAT AFTER 3 HR. /FROM TABLE/
LaDu, B.N., H.G. Mandel, and E.L. Way. Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971., p. 202
BILIARY EXCRETION OF 4-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID IN DIFFERENT SPECIES: % OF DOSE EXCRETED IN 3 HR: RAT 3.3; GUINEA PIG 6.7; RABBIT 3.0; DOG 3.4; CAT 0.7; HEN 0.5. /FROM TABLE/
LaDu, B.N., H.G. Mandel, and E.L. Way. Fundamentals of Drug Metabolism and Disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1971., p. 139
SERUM EXTRACTION RATIO...FROM DOG RENAL CORTEX.../IS/ 0.74 FOR P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID...
The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 5: A Review of the Literature Published during 1976 and 1977. London: The Chemical Society, 1979., p. 65
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
YIELDS P-ACETAMIDOHIPPURIC ACID IN PIGS: GYRD-HANSEN, N & F RASMUSSEN, ACTA PHYSIOL SCAND, 80, 249 (1970). /FROM TABLE/
Goodwin, B.L. Handbook of Intermediary Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds. New York: Wiley, 1976., p. A-41
ORALLY ADMIN PAH GAVE RISE TO P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID, P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID, P-ACETYLAMINOBENZOIC ACID, P-ACETYLAMINOHIPPURIC ACID, & P-ACETYLAMINOBENZOYLGLUCURONIC ACID IN URINE. WHEN ADMIN IV, ONLY P-ACETYLAMINOHIPPURIC ACID & UNCHANGED P-AMINOHIPPURIC ACID WERE EXCRETED.
HULSMANN ET AL; CLIN CHIM ACTA 15(2) 233 (1967)
The biologic half-life of PAH in patients with normal renal function is 24 minutes.
McEvoy G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 96. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1996 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1769
Aminohippurate is filtered by the renal glomeruli and secreted into the urine by the proximal tubules. By measuring the amount of drug in the urine it is possible to determine functional capacity and effective renal plasma flow.
P-AMINOHIPPURATE (PAH) IS PROTOTYPE FOR AN AGENT EXCRETED BY ORGANIC ACID TRANSPORT SYSTEM...LOCATED IN PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES...PROTEIN-BOUND TOXICANTS ARE FULLY AVAIL FOR ACTIVE TRANSPORT. /PROCESS HAS/...ALL CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM; THEREFORE VARIOUS COMPD COMPETE WITH ONE ANOTHER FOR SECRETION.
Klaassen, C.D., M.O. Amdur, Doull J. (eds.). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1995., p. 106
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