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Chemistry

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Also known as: 1336-21-6, Ammonia aqueous, Ammonium hydroxide ((nh4)(oh)), Ammonium hydroxide solution, Ammoniumhydroxid, Nh4oh
Molecular Formula
H5NO
Molecular Weight
35.046  g/mol
InChI Key
VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Ammonium Hydroxide
The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.
1 2D Structure

Ammonium Hydroxide

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
azanium;hydroxide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2
2.1.3 InChI Key
VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[NH4+].[OH-]
2.2 Synonyms
2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Hydroxide, Ammonium

2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 1336-21-6

2. Ammonia Aqueous

3. Ammonium Hydroxide ((nh4)(oh))

4. Ammonium Hydroxide Solution

5. Ammoniumhydroxid

6. Nh4oh

7. Aquammonia

8. Ammonia, Aqua

9. Household Ammonia

10. Ammonia, Aqueous Solution

11. Ammonia, Monohydrate

12. Ammonia Water 29%

13. Caswell No. 044

14. Sx 1 (ammonia Water)

15. Ammoniumhydroxide

16. Mfcd00066650

17. Ammonia, Aqueous

18. Sx 1

19. Ammonia Water [jan]

20. Hsdb 5125

21. Einecs 215-647-6

22. Un2672

23. Un3318

24. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 005301

25. Ammoniaque

26. Ammonia Hydrate

27. Water Ammonia

28. Ammonium Hydoxide

29. Ammonium Hydroxid

30. Ammonium Hyroxide

31. Amonium Hydroxide

32. Agua De Amoniaco

33. Ammonium Hydorxide

34. Amrnonium Hydroxide

35. Hidroxido De Amonio

36. Nh3 Water

37. Water Nh3

38. Hydroxyde D'ammonium

39. Un2073

40. Ammonia Water (tn)

41. Ammonium Aqueous (28% Or Less Nh3)

42. Amine Hydrate

43. Ammonium Hydroxide (28% Or Less Ammonia)

44. Ammonia Water (jp17)

45. Ec 215-647-6

46. Nh3 H2o

47. Nh3-h2o

48. Nh3.h2o

49. Ammonium Hydroxide Reagent Acs

50. Ammonium Hydroxide, 25% Nh3

51. Ammonia (ammonium Hydroxide) 28% By Weight Or More Nh3

52. Dtxsid4020080

53. Chebi:18219

54. Ammonium Hydroxide, 28% Solution

55. Akos015903971

56. Akos030228272

57. E527

58. Ft-0622304

59. Ammonium Hydroxide, 10% V/v Aqueous Solution

60. Ammonium Hydroxide, 50% V/v Aqueous Solution

61. Ammonium Hydroxide, 0.1n Standardized Solution

62. Ammonium Hydroxide, 1.0n Standardized Solution

63. Ammonium Hydroxide, 5.0n Standardized Solution

64. C01358

65. D04594

66. Ammonium Hydroxide, Solution 28-30% Acs Reagent

67. J-006420

68. Ammonium Hydroxide, Environmental Grade, 20-22% Nh3

69. Ammonium Hydroxide, Solution 14-16% W/w Trace Metals Grade

70. Ammonia Solution, Relative Density <0.880 At 15 Degree C In Water, With >50% Ammonia

71. Ammonium Hydroxide, Acculute Standard Volumetric Solution, Final Concentration 0.1n

72. Ammonia Solution, Relative Density <0.880 At 15 Degree C In Water, With >50% Ammonia [un3318] [nonflammable Gas, Poison Gas]

73. Ammonia Solutions, Relative Density <0.880 At 15 C In Water, With >35% But Not >50% Ammonia

74. Ammonia Solutions, Relative Density <0.880 At 15 C In Water, With >35% But Not >50% Ammonia [un2073] [nonflammable Gas]

75. Ammonia Solutions, Relative Density Between 0.880 And 0.957 At 15 C In Water, With >10% But Not >35% Ammonia

76. Ammonia Solutions, Relative Density Between 0.880 And 0.957 At 15 C In Water, With >10% But Not >35% Ammonia [un2672] [corrosive]

2.3 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 35.046 g/mol
Molecular Formula H5NO
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass35.037113783 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass35.037113783 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count2
Formal Charge0
Complexity0
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count2
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

10% ammonia water as a reflex respiratory stimulant; MEDICATION (VET): externally on bites & stings; As rubefacient on bruises, sprains; Inhalant; Internally as an antacid & carminative /Ammonia water-10%/

The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983., p. 74


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

... EXCRETION IS PRIMARILY BY WAY OF KIDNEYS, BUT A NOT INSIGNIFICANT AMT IS PASSED THROUGH SWEAT GLANDS.

Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1993-1994., p. 760


... Ammonium toxicity induced by ammonium acetate administration in frogs led to variable excretion of ammonia and urea into the medium. When 11.45 mM/kg body wt of ammonium acetate was administered, ammonia excretion increased while urea excretion decreased. When 4.17 mM/kg body wt of ammonium acetate was administered, the urea excretion increased while NH3 excretion decreased.

Neeraja P, Swami KS; Indian J Physiol Pharmac 27 (2): 123-8 (1983)


Ammonium hydroxide penetrates fastest, followed by sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and finally calcium hydroxide.

Sullivan, J.B. Jr., G.R. Krieger (eds.). Hazardous Materials Toxicology-Clinical Principles of Environmental Health. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992., p. 433


5.2 Metabolism/Metabolites

Male rats gavaged with 1000 umol (15)N-ammonium chloride each day for 5 days excreted low, but significant amounts of excess (15)N-NO3- in urine on the 5 days of treatment & on the 5 subsequent days. An in vitro chemical model system was used to demonstrate that oxidation of ammonia to NO3- by the hydroxyl radical at physiological pH is chemically feasible. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ammonia is oxidized to NO3- in vivo by a nonenzymic process which involves active O species such as the hydroxyl radical.

PMID:6690089 Saul RL, Archer MC; Carcinogenesis 5 (1): 77-81 (1984)


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