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Chemistry

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Also known as: 7440-36-0, Sb, Stibium metallicum, Antimony, ion (sb(3-)), Antimoine, Antimonio
Molecular Formula
Sb
Molecular Weight
121.760  g/mol
InChI Key
WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Antimony
Antimony is an element with atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.76.
1 2D Structure

Antimony

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
antimony
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/Sb
2.1.3 InChI Key
WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[Sb]
2.2 Synonyms
2.2.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 7440-36-0

2. Sb

3. Stibium Metallicum

4. Antimony, Ion (sb(3-))

5. Antimoine

6. Antimonio

7. Antimony Ingot

8. Mfcd00011211

9. Mfcd00134030

10. Antimony, Metallic

11. Antimony, Elemental

12. Antymonowodor [polish]

13. Antimonide

14. Antymonowodor

15. Antimon

16. Antimonwasserstoffes [german]

17. Antimony Atom

18. Hsdb 785

19. Antimony(0)

20. Antimonwasserstoffes

21. Antimony Single Crystal Disc, 10mm (0.39in) Dia, 1-3mm (0.04-0.1in) Thick, (100) Orientation

22. Un2676

23. 51sb

24. Unii-0vkz97k3ub

25. Sb(0)

26. Antimony, P.a., 99.0%

27. Chebi:30304

28. Chebi:30513

29. Dtxsid10872432

30. Dtxsid601014341

31. Stibine [un2676] [poison Gas]

32. Akos015833653

33. Akos028110012

34. Db13110

35. Ft-0622427

36. Q1099

37. Antimony, Rod, 6mm, Diameter 6mm, 99.999%

38. Antimony, Rod, 15mm, Diameter 2.0mm, 99.99%

39. Antimony, Rod, 25mm, Diameter 2.0mm, 99.99%

40. Antimony, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 2.0mm, 99.99%

41. Antimony, Rod, 20mm, Diameter 4.7mm, 99.999%

42. Antimony, Rod, 25mm, Diameter 4.7mm, 99.999%

43. Antimony, Rod, 50mm, Diameter 4.7mm, 99.999%

44. Antimony, Foil, 50x50mm, Thickness 2mm, Hot-pressed

45. Antimony, Beads, 1-2 Mm, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

46. Antimony Ingot, 99.9999% (6n) Ingots With Approx. 2 Kg

47. Antimony, Powder, -100 Mesh, 99.5% Trace Metals Basis

48. Antimony, Oil Based Standard Solution, Specpure, Sb 1000g/g

49. Antimony, Oil Based Standard Solution, Specpure, Sb 5000g/g

50. Antimony, Plasma Standard Solution, Specpure?, Sb 1000?g/ml

51. Antimony Implanted In Silicon, Erm(r) Certified Reference Material

52. Antimony, Beads, 1-5 Mm, Low Oxide, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

53. Antimony, Plasma Standard Solution, Specpure?, Sb 10,000?g/ml

54. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.004 Mm, Size 25 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

55. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.006 Mm, Size 25 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

56. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.006 Mm, Size 50 X 50 Mm, Purity 95+%

57. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.007 Mm, Size 25 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

58. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.008 Mm, Size 25 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

59. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.009 Mm, Size 25 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

60. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.0125 Mm, Size 50 X 50 Mm, Purity 95+%

61. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.02 Mm, Size 22 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

62. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.02 Mm, Size 50 X 50 Mm, Purity 95+%

63. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.04 Mm, Size 25 X 25 Mm, Purity 95+%

64. Antimony, Foil, Thickness 0.04 Mm, Size 50 X 50 Mm, Purity 95+%

65. Antimony, Lump, 20 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, High Purity 99.999%

66. Antimony, Lump, 20 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 20 G, High Purity 99.999%

67. Antimony, Lump, 20 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 50 G, High Purity 99.999%

68. Antimony, Lump, 4 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.5+%

69. Antimony, Lump, 4 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 1000 G, Purity 99.5+%

70. Antimony, Lump, 4 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.5+%

71. Antimony, Lump, 4 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 2000 G, Purity 99.5+%

72. Antimony, Lump, 4 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 500 G, Purity 99.5+%

73. Antimony, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 100 G, High Purity 99.9999%

74. Antimony, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 20 G, High Purity 99.9999%

75. Antimony, Lump, 5 Mm Max. Lump Size, Weight 50 G, High Purity 99.9999%

76. Antimony Standard Solution, 1000 Ppm Sb, Suitable For Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

77. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 100 G, High Purity 99.999%

78. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 1000 G, Purity 99.2%

79. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 200 G, High Purity 99.999%

80. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 200 G, Purity 99.2%

81. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 50 G, High Purity 99.999%

82. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 50 G, Purity 99.2%

83. Antimony, Powder, 150 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 500 G, Purity 99.2%

84. Antimony, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 100 G, Purity 99.5+%

85. Antimony, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 20 G, Purity 99.5+%

86. Antimony, Powder, 45 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 50 G, Purity 99.5+%

87. Antimony, Powder, 75 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 200 G, Purity 99.2%

88. Antimony, Powder, 75 Max. Part. Size (micron), Weight 50 G, Purity 99.2%

89. Antimony, Powder, Max. Particle Size 150 Micron, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.2%

90. Antimony, Powder, Max. Particle Size 150 Micron, Weight 20 G, High Purity 99.999%

91. Antimony, Powder, Max. Particle Size 45 Micron, Weight 200 G, Purity 99.5+%

92. Antimony, Powder, Max. Particle Size 75 Micron, Weight 100 G, Purity 99.2%

93. Antimony Atomic Spectroscopy Standard Concentrate 10.00 G Sb, 10.00 G/l, For 1l Standard Solution, Analytical Standard

94. Antimony, Foil, Light Tested, 25x25mm, Thickness 0.05mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

95. Antimony, Foil, Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.05mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

96. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 100x100mm, Thickness 0.015mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

97. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 100x100mm, Thickness 0.01mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

98. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 100x100mm, Thickness 0.025mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

99. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 100x100mm, Thickness 0.05mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

100. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 25x25mm, Thickness 0.002mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

101. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 25x25mm, Thickness 0.005mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

102. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 25x25mm, Thickness 0.015mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

103. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 25x25mm, Thickness 0.01mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

104. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 25x25mm, Thickness 0.025mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

105. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.002mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

106. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.005mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

107. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.015mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

108. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.01mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

109. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.025mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

110. Antimony, Foil, Not Light Tested, 50x50mm, Thickness 0.05mm, Permanent Polyester Support, 95+%

111. Antimony, Microfoil, 25x25mm, Thinness 0.5mum, Specific Density 334.5mug/cm2, 6 Micron Aluminum Permanent Support, 95+%

112. Antimony, Microfoil, 50x50mm, Thinness 0.5mum, Specific Density 334.5mug/cm2, 6 Micron Aluminum Permanent Support, 95+%

2.3 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 121.760 g/mol
Molecular Formula Sb
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count0
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass120.90381 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass120.90381 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count1
Formal Charge0
Complexity0
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Paracelsus, a physician and proponent of alchemy in sixteen century Europe, and his followers favored the use of metals, including antimony, as drugs. The view of the Paracelsus followers diverged from the teachings of Galen (c. AD 13-201), a preeminent Roman physician who considered metals to be poisonous. The period of c. 1560-1660 was termed the 'antimony war' and reflects the conflict in medicine between Galenic medicine and the practices of Paracelsus. /Former use/

Nordberg, G.F. et al; Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals 4th ed., Vol. 2. Academic Press, Waltham, MA. 2015, p. v2 p 566


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

A study of the retention patterns of labeled antimony in mice following inhalation of particles formed at different temp was conducted. The lower temp aerosol was more sol & left the lung rapidly, localizing in the skeleton. The 2 aerosols produced at higher temp resulted in (124)antimony remaining in the lung for extended periods.

PMID:4746928 THOMAS RG ET AL; PROC SOC EXP BIOL MED 144 (2): 544-50 (1973)


Environment and nutrition influence antimony concentrations of human tissues, causing large differences among individuals. Extremely high levels were found in the lung and bone tissues but not in liver or kidney of deceased antimony smelter workers. The lung contain the highest antimony levels of human tissues. The distribution of antimony is not homogeneous within organs or tissues. ... Great variations of antimony content were found in normal human platelets, serum albumin, and different tissues. /Antimony/

Seiler, H.G., H. Sigel and A. Sigel (eds.). Handbook on the Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1988., p. 71


Urine levels of antimony between 0.4 and 0.7 mg/L were measured in cases of workers with lung changes. /Antimony/

Seiler, H.G., H. Sigel and A. Sigel (eds.). Handbook on the Toxicity of Inorganic Compounds. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1988., p. 71


Arsenic and antimony are toxic metalloids, naturally present in the environment and all organisms have developed pathways for their detoxification. The most effective metalloid tolerance systems in eukaryotes include downregulation of metalloid uptake, efflux out of the cell, and complexation with phytochelatin or glutathione followed by sequestration into the vacuole. Understanding of arsenic and antimony transport system is of high importance due to the increasing usage of arsenic-based drugs in the treatment of certain types of cancer and diseases caused by protozoan parasites as well as for the development of bio- and phytoremediation strategies for metalloid polluted areas. However, in contrast to prokaryotes, the knowledge about specific transporters of arsenic and antimony and the mechanisms of metalloid transport in eukaryotes has been very limited for a long time. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding of arsenic and antimony transport pathways in eukaryotes, including a dual role of aquaglyceroporins in uptake and efflux of metalloids, elucidation of arsenic transport mechanism by the yeast Acr3 transporter and its role in arsenic hyperaccumulation in ferns, identification of vacuolar transporters of arsenic-phytochelatin complexes in plants and forms of arsenic substrates recognized by mammalian ABC transporters. /Antimony/

PMID:22489166 Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317726 Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E et al; Int J Mol Sci 13 (3): 3527-48 (2012)


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Antimony, elemental (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.2 Metabolism/Metabolites

Recently, tellurium (Te), antimony (Sb) and germanium (Ge) have been used as an alloy in phase-change optical magnetic disks, such as digital versatile disk-random access memory (DVD-RAM) and DVD-recordable disk (DVD-RW). Although these metalloids, the so-called "exotic" elements, are known to be non-essential and harmful, little is known about their toxic effects and metabolism. Metalloid compounds, tellurite, antimonite and germanium dioxide, were simultaneously administered to rats. Their distributions metabolites were determined and identified by speciation. Te and Sb accumulated in red blood cells (RBCs): Te accumulated in RBCs in the dimethylated form, while Sb accumulated in the inorganic/non-methylated form. In addition, trimethyltelluronium (TMTe) was the urinary metabolite of Te, whereas Sb in urine was not methylated but oxidized. Ge was also not methylated in rats. These results suggest that each metalloid is metabolized via a unique pathway. /Antimony metabolites/

PMID:19483383 Kobayashi A, Ogra Y; J Toxicol Sci 34 (3): 295-303 (2009)


5.3 Biological Half-Life

Whole body: 76 hours; The pentavalent form is removed faster than trivalent form. [TDR, p. 109]

TDR - Ryan RP, Terry CE, Leffingwell SS (eds). Toxicology Desk Reference: The Toxic Exposure and Medical Monitoring Index, 5th Ed. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis, 1999., p. 109


Airborne factory dust (with a volume median diameter of 5.0 um and a geometric standard deviation of 2.1 um) from a Swedish copper smeltery contained antimony (1.6 weight %) and arsenic (19 weight %). The dust was neutron activated and intratracheally instilled in hamsters. In vivo measurements of lung clearance were undertaken of the radionuclides (76)arsenic, (122)antimony, and (124)antimony. Two phases were recognized in the clearance curves. The approx half-time for the initial phase was about 40 hr for antimony trioxide, and 30 hr for antimony dust. The second phase had an approx half-time of 20-40 days for antimony trioxide and antimony dust. The low solubility of antimony in factory dust combined with a long biological half-time may be of importance in explaining the observed lung accumulation of antimony in exposed workers.

PMID:6541805 Leffler P et al; Scand J Work Environ Health 10 (4): 245-51 (1984)


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