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    Chemistry

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    Also known as: 1330-43-4, Borax anhydrous, Borax glass, Borax, fused, Boric acid (h2b4o7), sodium salt, Boron sodium oxide (b4na2o7)
    Molecular Formula
    B4Na2O7
    Molecular Weight
    201.2  g/mol
    InChI Key
    UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    FDA UNII
    8191EN8ZMD
    Borax Solution
    1 2D Structure

    Borax Solution

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/B4O7.2Na/c5-1-7-3-9-2(6)10-4(8-1)11-3;;/q-2;2*+1
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    B1(OB2OB(OB(O1)O2)[O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
    2.2 Other Identifiers
    2.2.1 UNII
    8191EN8ZMD
    2.3 Synonyms
    2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

    1. Disodium Borate, Heptahydrate

    2. Disodium Borate, Monohydrate

    3. Komex

    4. Monosodium Metaborate

    5. Sodium Borate

    6. Sodium Borate (nabo2)

    7. Sodium Diborate

    8. Sodium Meta Borate

    9. Sodium Metaborate

    2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. 1330-43-4

    2. Borax Anhydrous

    3. Borax Glass

    4. Borax, Fused

    5. Boric Acid (h2b4o7), Sodium Salt

    6. Boron Sodium Oxide (b4na2o7)

    7. Na2b4o7

    8. Sodium Tetraborate, Anhydrous

    9. Sodiumtetraborate

    10. Sodium Borate Anhydrous

    11. Anhydrous Borax

    12. Sodium Biborate

    13. Fused Borax

    14. Sodium Pyroborate

    15. Sodium Borate, Anhydrous

    16. 8191en8zmd

    17. Sodium Tetraborate (na2b4o7)

    18. Mfcd00081185

    19. Boric Acid (h2b4o7), Disodium Salt

    20. Disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

    21. 12267-73-1

    22. Disodium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate

    23. Mfcd00163147

    24. Komex

    25. Borax, Anhydrous

    26. Borax, Dehydrated

    27. Sodium Boron Oxide

    28. Rasorite 65

    29. Fused Sodium Borate

    30. Boric Acid, Disodium Salt

    31. Sodium Borate [mi]

    32. Unii-8191en8zmd

    33. Borate-buffered Saline (5x)

    34. Sodium Borate [who-dd]

    35. Hsdb 5025

    36. Sodium Tetraborate [hsdb]

    37. Dtxsid101014358

    38. Fr 28

    39. Sodium Tetraborate [vandf]

    40. Einecs 215-540-4

    41. Mfcd07784974

    42. Borates, Tetrasodium Salts, Anhydrous

    43. Akos015903865

    44. Akos030228253

    45. Db14505

    46. Borates, Tetra, Sodium Salts, Anhydrous

    47. Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 8.0

    48. Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 8.5

    49. Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 9.0

    50. Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 9.5

    51. Sodium Tetraborate, Anhydrous, Puratronic

    52. Ft-0696539

    53. Sodium Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 8.0

    54. Sodium Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 8.5

    55. Sodium Borate, 0.5m Buffer Solution, Ph 9.0

    56. Sodium Tetraborate,trace Metals Grade 99.95%

    57. J-006292

    58. Disodium Bicyclo[3.3.1]tetraboroxane-3,7-bis(olate)

    59. 1310383-93-7

    2.4 Create Date
    2006-10-25
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 201.2 g/mol
    Molecular Formula B4Na2O7
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
    Rotatable Bond Count0
    Exact Mass201.9811616 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass201.9811616 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area92.3 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count13
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity121
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count3
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Therapeutic Uses

    MEDICATION (VET): Has been used as antiseptic, detergent, astringent for mucous membrane

    O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1537

    MEDICATION (VET): Has been used as an exptl growth promoter in poultry feeds.

    Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 50

    /Exptl Ther:/ The in vivo spermicidal action of a pharmacological association consisting of 0.080 g of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, 0.075 g lactic acid, 0.020 g 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate, 0.005 g sodiopropionate, and hydrosoluble excipient 1820 g polyethylene glycol in the form of vaginal containers, has been investigated. The study is part of a more general investigation of alternative systems to the use of estro-progestins. The experimental scheme applied in the present study provided for the use of this association in 28 volunteer couples who were definitely fertile and during the pre- and postovulatory periods. A normal postcoital test was carried out on each, with samples taken from the posterior fornix and cervical canal using a speculum. The results showed that the preparation possesses profound spermicidal activity and is therefore considered a useful alternative to oral contraceptives. /Sodium tetraborate decahydrate/

    PMID:6787483 Oriz C et al; Minerva Ginecol 33 (1): 113-6 (1981)

    4.2 Drug Indication

    No FDA- or EMA-approved therapeutic indications on its own.

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 Pharmacology

    Boric acid exhibits minimal bacteriostatic and antifungal activities. Boric acid is likely to mediate antifungal actions at high concentrations over prolonged exposures.

    5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

    Absorption

    Boric acid is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, open wounds, and serous cavities but displays limited absorption in intact skin. Following intraperitoneal injection in mice, the peak concentration was reached in about 1.0-1.5 hr in the brain whereas the value was 0.5 hr in other tissues.

    Route of Elimination

    Regardless the route of administration, boric acid predominantly undergoes rapid renal excretion of >90% of total administered dose as unchanged form. Small amounts are also excreted into sweat, saliva, and feces. Following administration as ointment, urinary excretion of boric acid accounted for only 1% of the administered dose.

    Volume of Distribution

    Volume of distribution ranges from 0.17 to 0.5 L/kg in humans, where large amounts of boric acid are localized in brain, liver, and kidney.

    Clearance

    A case report of acute boric acid poisoning following oral ingestion of 21 g of boric acid presents the total body clearance of 0.99 L/h before hemodialysis.

    The pharmacokinetics of boron was studied in rats by administering a 1 mL oral dose of sodium tetraborate solution to several groups of rats (n=20) at eleven different dose levels ranging from 0-0.4 mg/100 g bw as boron. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected after boron administration. After 24 hr the average urinary recovery rate for this element was 99.6-7.9. The relationship between boron dose and excretion was linear (r=0.999) with a regression coefficient of 0.954. This result suggests that the oral bioavailability (F) of boron was complete. Another group of rats (n=10) was given a single oral /intubation/ of 2 mL of sodium tetraborate solution containing 0.4 mg of boron/100 g bw. The serum decay of boron was followed and found to be monophasic. The data were interpreted according to a one-compartment open model. The appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows: absorption half-life, t1/2a=0.608-0.432 hr; elimination half-life, t1/2=4.64-1.19 hr; volume of distribution, Vd=142.0-30.2 mL/100 g bw.; total clearance, Ctot=0.359 - 0.0285 mL/min/100 g bw. The maximum boron concentration in serum after administration (Cmax) was 2.13-0.270 mg/L, and the time needed to reach this maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.76-0.887 hr. ...Results suggest that orally administered boric acid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream. Boric acid in the intravascular space does not have a strong affinity to serum proteins, and rapidly diffuses to the extravascular space in proportion to blood flow without massive accumulation or binding in tissues. The main route of boron excretion from the body is via glomerular filtration. It may be inferred that there is partial tubular resorption at low plasma levels.

    PMID:9765061 Usuda K et al; Arch Toxicol 72 (8): 468-74 (1998)

    /Ten/ rats (n=10) were given a single oral injection of 2 mL of sodium tetraborate solution containing 0.4 mg of boron/100 g bw. The serum decay of boron was followed and found to be monophasic. The data were interpreted according to a one-compartment open model. The appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows: absorption half-life, t1/2a=0.608-0.432 hr; elimination half-life, t1/2=4.64-1.19 hr; volume of distribution, Vd=142.0-30.2 mL/100 g bw.; total clearance, Ctot=0.359 - 0.0285 mL/min/100 g bw. The maximum boron concentration in serum after administration (Cmax) was 2.13-0.270 mg/L, and the time needed to reach this maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.76-0.887 hr. ...Results suggest that orally administered boric acid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream. Boric acid in the intravascular space does not have a strong affinity to serum proteins, and rapidly diffuses to the extravascular space in proportion to blood flow without massive accumulation or binding in tissues. The main route of boron excretion from the body is via glomerular filtration. It may be inferred that there is partial tubular resorption at low plasma levels.

    PMID:9765061 Usuda K et al; Arch Toxicol 72 (8): 468-74 (1998)

    Excretion occurs primarily in the urine.

    Sheftel, V.O.; Indirect Food Additives and Polymers. Migration and Toxicology. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 2000., p. 852

    5.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

    No metabolic pathways reported.

    5.4 Biological Half-Life

    According to human cases of poisoning, the elimination half-life of boric acid ranges from 13 to 24 hours.

    5.5 Mechanism of Action

    Information regarding the mechanism of action of boric acid in mediating its antibacterial or antifungal actions is limited. Boric acid inhibits biofilm formation and hyphal transformation of _Candida albicans_, which are critical virulence factors. In addition, arrest of fungal growth was observed with the treatment of boric acid.

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