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Chemistry

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Also known as: 516-54-1, Brexanolone, Allopregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one, Allotetrahydroprogesterone, Sage-547, Zulresso
Molecular Formula
C21H34O2
Molecular Weight
318.5  g/mol
InChI Key
AURFZBICLPNKBZ-SYBPFIFISA-N
FDA UNII
S39XZ5QV8Y

Brexanolone
A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.
1 2D Structure

Brexanolone

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
1-[(3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethanone
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C21H34O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h14-19,23H,4-12H2,1-3H3/t14-,15+,16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
AURFZBICLPNKBZ-SYBPFIFISA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CC(=O)[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H](C4)O)C)C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
S39XZ5QV8Y
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 3 Alpha Hydroxy 5 Alpha Pregnan 20 One

2. 3 Alpha Hydroxy 5 Beta Pregnan 20 One

3. 3 Alpha, 5 Beta Tetrahydroprogesterone

4. 3 Alpha, 5 Beta-tetrahydroprogesterone

5. 3 Alpha-hydroxy-5 Alpha-pregnan-20-one

6. 3 Alpha-hydroxy-5 Beta-pregnan-20-one

7. 3 Hydroxypregnan 20 One

8. 3-hydroxypregnan-20-one

9. 3beta Hydroxy 5alpha Pregnan 20 One

10. 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one

11. Allopregnan 3 Beta Ol 20 One

12. Allopregnan-3 Beta-ol-20-one

13. Alpha-hydroxy-5 Alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3

14. Alpha-hydroxy-5 Beta-pregnan-20-one, 3

15. Alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3 Alpha-hydroxy-5

16. Beta-ol-20-one, Allopregnan-3

17. Beta-pregnan-20-one, 3 Alpha-hydroxy-5

18. Eltanolone

19. Epipregnanolone

20. Pregnan 3alpha Ol 20 One

21. Pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one

22. Pregnanolone

23. Pregnanolone, (3alpha)-isomer

24. Pregnanolone, (3alpha, 5beta, 17-alpha)-isomer

25. Pregnanolone, (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer

26. Pregnanolone, (3alpha,5beta)-isomer

27. Pregnanolone, (3beta)-isomer

28. Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5alpha)-isomer

29. Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5alpha, 17alpha)-isomer

30. Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5alpha, 8alpha, 17beta)-isomer

31. Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5beta)-isomer

32. Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5beta, 17alpha)-isomer

33. Pregnanolone, (3beta, 5beta,14beta)-isomer

34. Pregnanolone, (5alpha)-isomer

35. Sepranolone

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 516-54-1

2. Brexanolone

3. Allopregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one

4. Allotetrahydroprogesterone

5. Sage-547

6. Zulresso

7. 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one

8. 3alpha-oh Dhp

9. 3alpha,5alpha-thp

10. Sge-102

11. 3a,5a-thp

12. (3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one

13. Brexanolone [usan]

14. 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-dihydroprogesterone

15. 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one

16. S39xz5qv8y

17. Chembl207538

18. Pregnan-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3a,5a)-

19. Chebi:50169

20. 3alpha,5alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone

21. 1-[(3r,5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,17s)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethanone

22. 1-((3r,5s,8r,9s,10s,13s,14s,17s)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethan-1-one

23. Allopregnan-3.alpha.-ol-20-one

24. C21h34o2

25. 3-alpha,5-alpha-pregnanolone

26. Sage547

27. (3

28. A)-allopregnanolone

29. Unii-s39xz5qv8y

30. 3-alpha,5-alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone

31. Allopregnan-3a-ol-20-one

32. Brexanolona

33. Brexanolonum

34. Brn 3211363

35. Allopregnalone

36. 3-alpha-hydroxy-5-alpha-pregnan-20-one

37. 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one

38. (3?,5?)-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one

39. Ncgc00163287-01

40. Zulresso (tn)

41. 3a,5a-pregnanolone

42. (3a)-allopregnanolone

43. 3a,5a-thprog

44. 5-alpha-pregnan-20-one, 3-alpha-hydroxy-

45. Brexanolone [inn]

46. (3alpha)-allopregnanolone

47. 3-a-tetrahydroprogesterone

48. Brexanolone (usan/inn)

49. Pregnan-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3.alpha.,5.alpha.)-

50. Biomol-nt_000266

51. Dsstox_cid_26342

52. Dsstox_rid_81546

53. 3a,5a-tetrahydroprogesterone

54. Bidd:pxr0069

55. Dsstox_gsid_46342

56. 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one

57. Brexanolone [who-dd]

58. 3-alpha-tetrahydroprogesterone

59. 4-08-00-00664 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

60. 5a-pregnane-3a-ol-20-one

61. Schembl588060

62. Pregnan-20-one, 3-hydroxy-, (3-alpha,5-alpha)-

63. Bpbio1_000728

64. Gtpl4108

65. 3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnane-20-one

66. Brexanolone [orange Book]

67. 3a-hydroxy-5a-dihydroprogesterone

68. 5

69. A-pregnan-3

70. A-ol-20-one

71. 5alpha Pregnan 3alpha Ol 20 One

72. Dtxsid901016239

73. Hms3886d05

74. 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one

75. Amy16827

76. Ex-a1195

77. Zinc4081043

78. Tox21_112042

79. (3a,5a)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one

80. Bdbm50191342

81. Lmst02030156

82. S5805

83. (+)-3a-hydroxy-5a-pregnan-20-one

84. Akos024285177

85. Pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one, 5alpha-

86. Cs-6401

87. Db11859

88. 3

89. A,5

90. A-thp;sage-547;brexanolone

91. Ncgc00163287-02

92. 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one, Solid

93. Ac-30353

94. As-76408

95. Cas-128-20-1

96. (3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxy-pregnan-20-one

97. Hy-101107

98. B7456

99. Allopregnan-3.alpha.-ol-20-one [mi]

100. D11149

101. 516a541

102. 3.alpha.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-pregnan-20-one

103. Brd-k18172896-001-01-7

104. Q28487680

105. (+)-3.alpha.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-pregnan-20-one

106. 8e5d696a-eebc-495d-a8c9-98fc9a593150

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 318.5 g/mol
Molecular Formula C21H34O2
XLogP34.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count2
Rotatable Bond Count1
Exact Mass318.255880323 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass318.255880323 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count23
Formal Charge0
Complexity500
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count8
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Brexanolone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(a)) receptor positive modulator indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adult women.


FDA Label


Treatment of postpartum depression


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Brexanolone potentiated GABA-mediated currents from recombinant human GABA(a) receptors in mammalian cells expressing 122 receptor subunits, 43 receptor subunits, and 63 receptor subunits. Moreover, it was determined during a Phase 1 randomized, placebo and positive-controlled, double-blind, three-period crossover thorough QT study in 30 healthy adult subjects that brexanolone use did not prolong the QT interval to any clinically relevant extent when administered at 1.9-times the exposure occurring at the highest recommended infusion rate (90 mcg/kg/hour).


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anesthetics

Agents capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics.)


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

It has been determined that brexanolone has a low oral bioavailability of approximately <5% in adults, which suggests infant exposure would also be expected to be low.


Route of Elimination

Following the administration of radiolabeled brexanolone, it was observed that 47% of the administrated dose was recovered largely as metabolites in the feces and 42% in urine, where less than 1% as recovered as unchanged brexanolone.


Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution documented for brexanolone is approximately 3 L/kg, a value which suggests relatively extensive distribution into tissues.


Clearance

The total plasma clearance determined for brexanolone is approximately 1 L/h/kg.


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

Brexanolone is extensively metabolized by non-cytochrome (CYP) based pathways by way of three main routes - keto-reduction (via aldo-keto reductases), glucuronidation (via UDP-glucuronosyltransferases), and sulfation (via sulfotransferases). Three predominant circulating metabolites result from such metabolic pathways and they are all pharmacologically inactive and ultimately do not contribute to the overall efficacy of the medication.


5.5 Biological Half-Life

The terminal half-life observed for brexanolone is approximately 9 hours.


5.6 Mechanism of Action

Brexanolone is a neuroactive steroid that occurs naturally (referred to as natural allopregnanolone) in the body when the female sex hormone progesterone is metabolized. This steroid compound is also believed to exhibit activity as a barbiturate-like, positive allosteric modulator of both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(a) receptors. In doing so, brexanolone can enhance the activity of GABA at such receptors by having GABA(a) receptor calcium channels open more often and for longer periods of time. Furthermore, it is believed that brexanolone elicits such action on GABA(a) receptors at a binding site that is distinct from those associated with benzodiazepines. Concurrently, GABA is considered the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human body. When GABA binds to GABA(a) receptors found in neuron synapses, chloride ions are conducted across neuron cell membranes via an ion channel in the receptors. With enough chloride ions conducted, the local, associated neuron membrane potentials are hyperpolarized - making it more difficult or less likely for action potentials to fire, ultimately resulting in less excitation of the neurons, like those involved in neuronal pathways that may be in part responsible for eliciting certain traits of PPD like stress, anxiety, etc. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood disorder that can affect women after childbirth. Women with PPD experience feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that can make it difficult or even dangerous for them to perform various daily activities or care for themselves or for others, including newborn. Although the exact pathophysiology of PPD remains unknown, it is believed that altered profiles and rapid, unpredictable fluctuations in the blood concentrations of neuroactive steroids like endogenous brexanolone (among others), GABA, and GABA receptors occur in women who are at risk of PPD after childbirth. In particular, within the context of PPD, it is proposed that endogenous brexanolone levels can quickly drop or fluctuate variedly after childbirth and that GABA(a) receptor levels and expression are decreased and down-regulated throughout pregnancy. Such fluctuations and decreases may consequently leave women susceptible to the possibility of PPD. As a medication, synthetic brexanolone can subsequently facilitate a return of positive allosteric modulator GABA(a) modulation while GABA(a) receptor levels and expression gradually return to normal in the time following postpartum. As such, studies suggest the potential for the development of brexanolone as a new mechanism for treatment of PPD that is directly related to the underlying pathophysiology as opposed to many other antidepressant medications whose pharmacological actions are usually entirely unrelated.


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Patents & EXCLUSIVITIES

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US Patents

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Antibody Engineering
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SAGE THERAP

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 9200088

Drug Substance Claim :

Drug Product Claim : Y

Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code :

Delist Requested :

Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2029-03-13

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SAGE THERAP

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 9750822

Drug Substance Claim :

Drug Product Claim : Y

Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code :

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Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2029-03-13

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SAGE THERAP

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 7635773

Drug Substance Claim :

Drug Product Claim : Y

Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code :

Delist Requested :

Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2029-03-13

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SAGE THERAP

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 10322139

Drug Substance Claim :

Drug Product Claim : Y

Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code :

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Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2033-01-23

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 10117951

Drug Substance Claim :

Drug Product Claim : Y

Application Number : 211371

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Patent Expiration Date : 2029-03-13

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 10940156

Drug Substance Claim :

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Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code : U-2552

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Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2037-03-08

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 10251894

Drug Substance Claim :

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Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code : U-2552

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Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2033-11-27

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SAGE THERAP

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BREXANOLONE

US Patent Number : 8410077

Drug Substance Claim :

Drug Product Claim : Y

Application Number : 211371

Patent Use Code :

Delist Requested :

Patent Use Description :

Patent Expiration Date : 2029-03-13

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US Exclusivities

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Exclusivity Code : NCE

Exclusivity Expiration Date : 2024-06-17

Application Number : 211371

Product Number : 1

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Exclusivity Code : NPP

Exclusivity Expiration Date : 2025-06-16

Application Number : 211371

Product Number : 1

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