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Chemistry

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Also known as: Monochloramine, Chloramide, 10599-90-3, Monochloroamine, Chloroamine, Monochloroammonia
Molecular Formula
ClH2N
Molecular Weight
51.47  g/mol
InChI Key
QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
KW8K411A1P

Chloramine
1 2D Structure

Chloramine

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 InChI
InChI=1S/ClH2N/c1-2/h2H2
2.1.2 InChI Key
QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.3 Canonical SMILES
NCl
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
KW8K411A1P
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Ammonia Chloramine

2. Monochloramine

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Monochloramine

2. Chloramide

3. 10599-90-3

4. Monochloroamine

5. Chloroamine

6. Monochloroammonia

7. Nh2cl

8. Kw8k411a1p

9. Monochloramide

10. Chloramine, Mono-

11. Ccris 4022

12. Chloramine (inorganic Compound)

13. Hsdb 4293

14. Einecs 234-217-9

15. Cloroamonio

16. Unii-kw8k411a1p

17. Chlorinated Water (chloramine)

18. Chloramine [hsdb]

19. Chloramine [iarc]

20. Ec 234-217-9

21. Dtxsid8023842

22. Chebi:82415

23. Dtxsid00721369

24. Pubchem_57347134

25. Amy37006

26. Akos015904329

27. 12190-75-9

28. Ft-0623594

29. C19359

30. Q409375

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-27
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 51.47 g/mol
Molecular Formula ClH2N
XLogP30.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass50.9875768 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass50.9875768 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area26 Ų
Heavy Atom Count2
Formal Charge0
Complexity2
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
4.1 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-240 g) were given 1.1 mg per animal [36Cl]-labelled chloramine [NH2 36Cl] orally as 3 mL of solution containing 370 mg/L chloramine. The peak plasma concentration of 36Cl (10.3 ug/L) was reached 8 hr after dosing, and the absorption and elimination half-lives were 2.5 hr and 38.8 hr, respectively. The distribution of radioactivity was highest in plasma and lowest in fat. Approximately 25% and 2% of the administered dose of radiolabelled chloramine was excreted in the urine and feces, respectively, during 120 hr of treatment. Only 0.35% of the administered dose of monochloramine was present in plasma as [36Cl] chloride 120 hr after treatment. No evidence for enzymatic intervention in the metabolism of monochloramine was presented.

IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V84 303 (2004)


The effect of 15 uM monochloramine as hepatic function was investigated in isolated perfused male Sprague-Dawley rat liver. The uptake of monochloramine averaged 98%. Approximately 0.7% of the amount taken up by the liver was reduced by glutathione (GSH) and appeared in the bile in the form of GSH disulfide.

IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V84 303 (2004)


4.2 Biological Half-Life

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (220-240 g) were given 1.1 mg per animal [36Cl]-labelled chloramine [NH2 36Cl] orally as 3 mL of solution containing 370 mg/L chloramine. ...The absorption and elimination half-lives were 2.5 hr and 38.8 hr, respectively.

IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V84 303 (2004)


4.3 Mechanism of Action

On dissolution of the chloramines in the epithelial lining fluid, hypochlorous acid, ammonia, and oxygen-radicals are generated, all of which act as irritants. /Chloramines/

Goldfrank, L.R. (ed). Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies. 7th Edition McGraw-Hill New York, New York 2002., p. 1457


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