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1. Alcide
2. Aseptrol
3. Chlorine Dioxide, 17o-labeled
4. Chlorine Dioxide, 35cl,1-(18)o-labeled
5. Chlorine Dioxide, 35cl-labeled
6. Chlorine Dioxide, 37cl,1-(18)o-labeled
7. Chlorine Dioxide, 37cl-labeled
8. Chlorine Dioxide, Monohydrate
9. Chlorine Oxide
10. Clo2
11. Dioxiclear
12. Microclear
13. Rennew-d
14. Tristel
1. 10049-04-4
2. Chlorine Oxide (clo2)
3. Chlorosyloxidanyl
4. Chlorine Oxide?
5. Dioxidochlorine(.)
6. Dioxido-lambda(5)-chloranyl
7. (oclo)(.)
8. O2cl(.)
9. Dtxsid5023958
10. Chebi:29415
11. [clo2](.)
12. Db12453
13. E926
| Molecular Weight | 67.45 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | ClO2 |
| XLogP3 | 1.4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 66.9586819 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 66.9586819 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 18.1 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 3 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 7.5 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
/Thirty patients with chronic atrophic candidiasis/ were instructed to rinse the mouth with 0.8% ClO2 mouth rinse (DioxiDent) twice daily for one minute and to soak their dentures overnight in the ClO2 for 10 days. Patients were evaluated both clinically and microbiologically at baseline and after 10 days, and any significant side effects were recorded. The clinical appearance of the oral soft tissues was scored on a scale of 0-3 (0 indicating no clinical signs, 1 indicating involvement of <25% of the palatal mucosa, 2 indicating involvement of 25-50% of the palatal mucosa, and 3 indicating marked erythema involving >50% of the palatal mucosa). Microbiological testing was undertaken to determine the number of colony forming units (CFUs) of Candida albicans. ClO2 significantly improved the clinical appearance and microbial count (p<0.001) after treatment, without significant side effects. Results showed marked improvement in the clinical appearance of the tissues after 10 days, with total resolution in the majority of cases. The total CFU/mL ranged from 15,000-53,000 at baseline and was reduced to
PMID:15218896 Mohammad AR et al; Int Dent J 54 (3): 154-8 (2004)
Chlorine dioxide was found to be highly effective against various organisms tested at very low concentrations in a minimum contact time of 30 seconds to 60 seconds. Escherichia coli was found to be more sensitive among the organisms tested. Concentration as low as 5 ppm also showed 100% killing of Staphylococcus aureus, which is known to be one of the resistant organisms. Hence it can be used as a powerful antimicrobial product and it has wide areas of application.
Vimla MP et al; Indian Vet J 74 (2): 123-7 (1997)
/EXPL THER/ Surgically induced adhesions complicate up to 100% of abdominal surgeries. Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments are generally not only less effective than desired but they also have major contraindications. Oxychlorine species, including chlorine dioxide (ClO2), suppress scar formation in infected wounds without affecting keratinocytes while reducing fibroblast proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oxychlorine solutions containing ClO2 on adhesion formation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to Buckenmaier model of surgical adhesions and treated with either oxychlorine solutions containing ClO2 (40-150 ppm) or isotonic saline solution. To increase the severity of adhesions, peritonitis was produced by intraperitoneal administration of a diluted nonlethal dose of feces (50 mg/kg). Wound strength of the healed wound was measured to evaluate the effects of oxychlorine solutions. In addition, an oxychlorine solution of lesser efficacy (at 100 ppm) was compared with three available anti-adhesion materials. Reproducibility of the model was validated in 26 rats. Oxychlorine solutions containing ClO2 (40-110 ppm) significantly reduced postsurgical adhesion formation without affecting the strength of the healed wound. Higher concentrations (120 and 150 ppm) had no effect. Fecal peritonitis significantly increased, and solutions with ClO2 at 110 ppm significantly reduced adhesion formation. The effect of the oxychlorine solution was significantly greater than that of Interceed, Guardix, Seprafilm, and isotonic saline solution. ClO2-containing oxychlorine solutions could be an innovative strategy for the suppression of surgical adhesion formation, with the additional advantage of contributing antiseptic properties.
PMID:23981708 Zavala-Rodriguez JM et al; J Surg Res 186 (1): 164-9 (2014)
Dental Disinfectants
Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Dental Disinfectants.)
The distribution and chemical fate of (36)Cl-ClO2 gas subsequent to fumigation of tomatoes or cantaloupe was investigated as were major factors that affect the formation of chloroxyanion byproducts. Approximately 22% of the generated (36)Cl-ClO2 was present on fumigated tomatoes after a 2 hr exposure to approximately 5 mg of (36)Cl-ClO2. A water rinse removed 14% of the radiochlorine while tomato homogenate contained approximately 63% of the tomato radioactivity; 24% of the radiochlorine was present in the tomato stem scar area. Radioactivity in tomato homogenate consisted of (36)Cl-chloride (>/= 80%), (36)Cl-chlorate (5 to 19%), and perchlorate (0.5 to 1.4%). In cantaloupe, 55% of the generated (36)Cl-ClO2 was present on melons fumigated with 100 mg of (36)Cl-ClO2 for a 2 hr period. Edible cantaloupe flesh contained no detectable radioactive residue (LOQ = 0.3 to 0.4 ug/g); >99.9% of radioactivity associated with cantaloupe was on the inedible rind, with <0.1% associated with the seed bed. Rind radioactivity was present as (36)Cl-chloride (approximately 86%), chlorate (approximately 13%), and perchlorate (approximately 0.6%). Absent from tomatoes and cantaloupe were (36)Cl-chlorite residues. Follow-up studies have shown that chlorate and perchlorate formation can be completely eliminated by protecting fumigation chambers from light sources.
PMID:25409284 Smith DJ et al; J Agric Food Chem 62 (48): 11756-66 (2014)
After oral administration of Alcide (sodium chlorite and lactic acid) in rats, the peak plasma level was obtained in 8 hr. At 144 hr, radioactivity was highest in plasma followed by lung, kidney, skin, bone marrow, stomach, ovary, duodenum, ileum, spleen, fat, brain, liver, and carcass. Subcellular distribution revealed that 85% of the activity in the liver homogenate resided in the cytosol. 70% of total activity in plasma was located in the trichloroacetic acid supernatant, with 30% bound to the precipitated protein fraction. Urinary excretion accounted for most of the (36)chlorine eliminated.
PMID:6619502 Scatina J et al; J Appl Toxicol 3 (3): 150-3 (1983)
One study shows that "chlorine" (chemical form not characterized) derived from aqueous chlorine dioxide is absorbed by the oral route, with a wide distribution and rapid and extensive elimination. In this study, groups of four rats received a single oral gavage dose of approximately 1.5 or 4.5 mg 36ClO2/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected for up to 48 hr post-administration, and at 72 hr, animals were killed, with samples taken from kidneys, lungs, small intestine, liver, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and testes. 36Cl was found in all tissues except testes, skin, and the remaining carcass, although levels in these tissues each accounted for less than 1% of the administered dose.
International Programme on Chemical Safety's Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents Number 37: Chlorine dioxide (2002). Available from, as of December 13, 2017: https://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html
About 40% of /a single dose of/ 36Cl was recovered in urine, expired air, and feces, although the urine accounted for most (about 30%).
International Programme on Chemical Safety's Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents Number 37: Chlorine dioxide (2002). Available from, as of December 13, 2017: https://www.inchem.org/pages/cicads.html
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Chlorine dioxide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Both chlorine dioxide and chlorite are primarily metabolized to chloride ion. At 72 hours following single oral (gavage) administration of radiolabeled chlorine dioxide in rats, chloride ion accounted for approximately 87% of the radioactivity that had been collected in the urine and 80% of the radioactivity in a plasma sample. Chlorite was the other major metabolite, accounting for approximately 11 and 21% of the radioactivity in the urine and plasma samples, respectively. Chlorate was a minor component of the radioactivity in the urine. Similarly, chloride ion accounted for approximately 85% of the radioactivity in the 72-hour urine collection of rats that had been orally administered radiolabeled chlorite; the remainder in the form of chlorite.
HHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Chlorine dioxide and Chlorite p.52 PB 2004-107332 (September 2004). Available from, as of December 13, 2017: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp#C
After oral administration of Alcide (sodium chlorite and lactic acid) in rats, the peak plasma level was obtained in 8 hr. The half-life for (36)Cl absorption from plasma was 8.03 hr, while the half life for (36)Cl elimination from plasma was 48.02 hr.
PMID:6619502 Scatina J et al; J Appl Toxicol 3 (3): 150-3 (1983)
Following single gavage dosing of rats with (36)ClO2 ... peak plasma levels of (36)Cl were reached within 2 hours following dosing ... the absorption rate constant and half-time were 0.198/hour and 3.5 hours, respectively.
HHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Chlorine dioxide and Chlorite p.50-1 PB 2004-107332 (September 2004). Available from, as of December 13, 2017: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/index.asp#C
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