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Chemistry

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Also known as: Choline ion, Bilineurine, 62-49-7, Choline cation, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium, Cholinum
Molecular Formula
C5H14NO+
Molecular Weight
104.17  g/mol
InChI Key
OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
N91BDP6H0X

Choline
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
1 2D Structure

Choline

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C5H14NO/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3/q+1
2.1.3 InChI Key
OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CCO
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
N91BDP6H0X
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium

2. Bitartrate, Choline

3. Bursine

4. Chloride, Choline

5. Choline Bitartrate

6. Choline Chloride

7. Choline Citrate

8. Choline Hydroxide

9. Choline O Sulfate

10. Choline O-sulfate

11. Citrate, Choline

12. Fagine

13. Hydroxide, Choline

14. O-sulfate, Choline

15. Vidine

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Choline Ion

2. Bilineurine

3. 62-49-7

4. Choline Cation

5. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium

6. Cholinum

7. Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-

8. (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

9. Trimethylethanolamine

10. N-trimethylethanolamine

11. Vitamin J

12. 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium

13. Ccris 5847

14. Ai3-24208

15. Brn 1736748

16. N,n,n-trimethylethanol-ammonium

17. Chebi:15354

18. (beta-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

19. Chembl920

20. N91bdp6h0x

21. (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium

22. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-ethanaminium

23. Bilineurine; Choline Cation; Choline Ion; Nanoveson C; Vitamin J

24. Cht

25. Nsc402838

26. Ncgc00015219-03

27. Einecs 200-535-1

28. Unii-n91bdp6h0x

29. 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium

30. 1oba

31. 2reg

32. 3ppq

33. Choline (dcf)

34. Choline (8ci)

35. Nanoveson C

36. Spectrum_000258

37. 2ha3

38. 3r6u

39. Choline [vandf]

40. Choline [mi]

41. Spectrum2_001938

42. Spectrum4_000867

43. Spectrum5_001579

44. Lopac-c-1754

45. Choline [who-dd]

46. Bmse000285

47. Bmse000953

48. Bmse001003

49. Epitope Id:116046

50. Schembl3142

51. Lopac0_000180

52. Kbiogr_001533

53. Kbioss_000738

54. 3-04-00-00651 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

55. Divk1c_000107

56. N,n,n-trimethylethanolammonium

57. Spbio_001975

58. Gtpl4551

59. Dtxsid8043789

60. Kbio1_000107

61. Kbio2_000738

62. Kbio2_003306

63. Kbio2_005874

64. Nsc6393

65. Ninds_000107

66. (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl Ammonium

67. Mono-2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium

68. Nsc-6393

69. Zinc3079337

70. Bbl005532

71. Bdbm50026220

72. Stl137772

73. Akos005721137

74. 2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

75. Ccg-204275

76. Db00122

77. Idi1_000107

78. Ncgc00015219-01

79. Ncgc00015219-02

80. Ncgc00015219-04

81. Ncgc00015219-07

82. Ncgc00015219-10

83. Ncgc00162082-01

84. Carbachol Impurity A [ep Impurity]

85. Sbi-0050168.p003

86. 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylammonium Chloride

87. (.beta.-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium

88. C00114

89. D07690

90. Ab00053822_02

91. Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl- (9ci)

92. Q193166

93. Acetylcholine Chloride Impurity A [ep Impurity]

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 104.17 g/mol
Molecular Formula C5H14NO+
XLogP3-0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass104.107539070 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass104.107539070 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count7
Formal Charge1
Complexity46.5
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

This compound is needed for good nerve conduction throughout the CNS (central nervous system) as it is a precursor to acetylcholine (ACh). Choline is also needed for gallbladder regulation, liver function and lecithin (a key lipid) formation. Choline also aids in fat and cholesterol metabolism and prevents excessive fat build up in the liver. Choline has been used to mitigate the effects of Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Choline deficiencies may result in excessive build-up of fat in the liver, high blood pressure, gastric ulcers, kidney and liver dysfunction and stunted growth.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Lipotropic Agents

Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues. (See all compounds classified as Lipotropic Agents.)


Nootropic Agents

Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias. These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms. (See all compounds classified as Nootropic Agents.)


5.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

Choline has known human metabolites that include Trimethylazanium and acetaldehyde.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


5.4 Mechanism of Action

Choline is a major part of the polar head group of phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine's role in the maintenance of cell membrane integrity is vital to all of the basic biological processes: information flow, intracellular communication and bioenergetics. Inadequate choline intake would negatively affect all these processes. Choline is also a major part of another membrane phospholipid, sphingomyelin, also important for the maintenance of cell structure and function. It is noteworthy and not surprising that choline deficiency in cell culture causes apoptosis or programmed cell death. This appears to be due to abnormalities in cell membrane phosphatidylcholine content and an increase in ceramide, a precursor, as well as a metabolite, of sphingomyelin. Ceramide accumulation, which is caused by choline deficiency, appears to activate Caspase, a type of enzyme that mediates apoptosis. Betaine or trimethylglycine is derived from choline via an oxidation reaction. Betaine is one of the factors that maintains low levels of homocysteine by resynthesizing L-methionine from homocysteine. Elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, as well as other cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters and requires choline for its synthesis. Adequate acetylcholine levels in the brain are believed to be protective against certain types of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.


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ABOUT THIS PAGE

Looking for 62-49-7 / Choline API manufacturers, exporters & distributors?

Choline manufacturers, exporters & distributors 1

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PharmaCompass offers a list of Choline API manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by GMP, USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, Price,and more, enabling you to easily find the right Choline manufacturer or Choline supplier for your needs.

Send us enquiries for free, and we will assist you in establishing a direct connection with your preferred Choline manufacturer or Choline supplier.

PharmaCompass also assists you with knowing the Choline API Price utilized in the formulation of products. Choline API Price is not always fixed or binding as the Choline Price is obtained through a variety of data sources. The Choline Price can also vary due to multiple factors, including market conditions, regulatory modifications, or negotiated pricing deals.

API | Excipient name

Choline

Synonyms

Choline ion, Bilineurine, 62-49-7, Choline cation, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium, Cholinum

Cas Number

62-49-7

Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII)

N91BDP6H0X

About Choline

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Choline Salicylate Manufacturers

A Choline Salicylate manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Choline Salicylate, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Choline Salicylate manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Choline Salicylate API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate manufacturers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PhamaCompass.

Choline Salicylate Suppliers

A Choline Salicylate supplier is an individual or a company that provides Choline Salicylate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Choline Salicylate finished formulations upon request. The Choline Salicylate suppliers may include Choline Salicylate API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate suppliers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PharmaCompass.

Choline Salicylate USDMF

A Choline Salicylate DMF (Drug Master File) is a document detailing the whole manufacturing process of Choline Salicylate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in detail. Different forms of Choline Salicylate DMFs exist exist since differing nations have different regulations, such as Choline Salicylate USDMF, ASMF (EDMF), JDMF, CDMF, etc.

A Choline Salicylate DMF submitted to regulatory agencies in the US is known as a USDMF. Choline Salicylate USDMF includes data on Choline Salicylate's chemical properties, information on the facilities and procedures used, and details about packaging and storage. The Choline Salicylate USDMF is kept confidential to protect the manufacturer’s intellectual property.

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate suppliers with USDMF on PharmaCompass.

Choline Salicylate JDMF

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) established the Japan Drug Master File (JDMF), also known as the Master File (MF), to permit Japanese and foreign manufacturers of drug substances, intermediates, excipients, raw materials, and packaging materials (‘Products’) to voluntarily register confidential information about the production and management of their products in Japan.

The Choline Salicylate Drug Master File in Japan (Choline Salicylate JDMF) empowers Choline Salicylate API manufacturers to present comprehensive information (e.g., production methods, data, etc.) to the review authority, i.e., PMDA (Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency).

PMDA reviews the Choline Salicylate JDMF during the approval evaluation for pharmaceutical products. At the time of Choline Salicylate JDMF registration, PMDA checks if the format is accurate, if the necessary items have been included (application), and if data has been attached.

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate suppliers with JDMF on PharmaCompass.

Choline Salicylate KDMF

In Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is in charge of regulating pharmaceutical products and services.

Pharmaceutical companies submit a Choline Salicylate Drug Master File in Korea (Choline Salicylate KDMF) to the MFDS, which includes comprehensive information about the production, processing, facilities, materials, packaging, and testing of Choline Salicylate. The MFDS reviews the Choline Salicylate KDMF as part of the drug registration process and uses the information provided in the Choline Salicylate KDMF to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drug.

After submitting a Choline Salicylate KDMF to the MFDS, the registered manufacturer can provide importers or distributors with the registration number without revealing confidential information to Korean business partners. Applicants seeking to register their Choline Salicylate API can apply through the Korea Drug Master File (KDMF).

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate suppliers with KDMF on PharmaCompass.

Choline Salicylate WC

A Choline Salicylate written confirmation (Choline Salicylate WC) is an official document issued by a regulatory agency to a Choline Salicylate manufacturer, verifying that the manufacturing facility of a Choline Salicylate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations of the importing country. When exporting Choline Salicylate APIs or Choline Salicylate finished pharmaceutical products to another nation, regulatory agencies frequently require a Choline Salicylate WC (written confirmation) as part of the regulatory process.

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate suppliers with Written Confirmation (WC) on PharmaCompass.

Choline Salicylate NDC

National Drug Code is a comprehensive database maintained by the FDA that contains information on all drugs marketed in the US. This directory includes information about finished drug products, unfinished drug products, and compounded drug products, including those containing Choline Salicylate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

Finished drug products

The FDA updates the NDC directory daily. The NDC numbers for Choline Salicylate API and other APIs are published in this directory by the FDA.

Unfinished drugs

The NDC unfinished drugs database includes product listing information submitted for all unfinished drugs, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drugs intended for further processing and bulk drug substances for compounding.

Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture Choline Salicylate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) must furnish the FDA with an updated record of all drugs that they produce, prepare, propagate, compound, or process for commercial distribution in the US at their facilities.

Compounded drug products

The NDC directory also contains data on finished compounded human drug products that contain Choline Salicylate and are produced by outsourcing facilities. While these outsourcing facilities are not mandated to assign a Choline Salicylate NDC to their finished compounded human drug products, they may choose to do so.

click here to find a list of Choline Salicylate suppliers with NDC on PharmaCompass.

Choline Salicylate GMP

Choline Salicylate Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

PharmaCompass offers a list of Choline Salicylate GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, API price, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Choline Salicylate GMP manufacturer or Choline Salicylate GMP API supplier for your needs.

Choline Salicylate CoA

A Choline Salicylate CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Choline Salicylate's compliance with Choline Salicylate specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

Choline Salicylate CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Choline Salicylate CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

Choline Salicylate may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Choline Salicylate EP), Choline Salicylate JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Choline Salicylate USP).

Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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