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Chemistry

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Also known as: Dichloromercury, Mercury(ii) chloride, Sublimate, Mercury bichloride, Mercury dichloride, Corrosive sublimate
Molecular Formula
Cl2Hg
Molecular Weight
271.50  g/mol
InChI Key
LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Dichloromercury
Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.
1 2D Structure

Dichloromercury

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
dichloromercury
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/2ClH.Hg/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
2.1.3 InChI Key
LWJROJCJINYWOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
Cl[Hg]Cl
2.2 Synonyms
2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Bichloride, Mercury

2. Chloride, Mercuric

3. Corrosive Sublimate

4. Dichloride, Mercury

5. Hgcl2

6. Mercuric Perchloride

7. Mercury Bichloride

8. Mercury Dichloride

9. Mercury Perchloride

10. Perchloride, Mercuric

11. Perchloride, Mercury

12. Sublimate

13. Sublimate, Corrosive

2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Dichloromercury

2. Mercury(ii) Chloride

3. Sublimate

4. Mercury Bichloride

5. Mercury Dichloride

6. Corrosive Sublimate

7. Mercuric Bichloride

8. Mercury Perchloride

9. 7487-94-7

10. Sublimat

11. Chlorure Mercurique

12. Sulema

13. Hgcl2

14. Corrosive Mercury Chloride

15. Perchloride Of Mercury

16. Calochlor

17. Fungchex

18. Sulem

19. Bichlorure De Mercure

20. Abavit B

21. Bichloride Of Mercury

22. Chlorid Rtutnaty

23. Mercury Chloride (hgcl2)

24. Mercury(2+) Chloride

25. Quecksilber Chlorid

26. Cloruro Di Mercurio

27. Mercury(ii)chloride

28. Dichlorure De Mercure

29. Tl 898

30. Clhgcl

31. Nci-c60173

32. Nsc 353255

33. Hydrargyrum Bichloratum

34. Quecksilber(ii)-chlorid

35. Mercuric Chloride [jan]

36. Mercury Chloride (hgcl(2))

37. Chebi:31823

38. Mfcd00011041

39. Calocure

40. Mercuric Chloride (jan)

41. Sublimat [czech]

42. Sulema [russian]

43. Caswell No. 544

44. Hydraargyrum Bichloratum

45. Chlorid Rtutnaty [czech]

46. Chlorure Mercurique [french]

47. Quecksilber Chlorid [german]

48. Hsdb 33

49. Bichlorure De Mercure [french]

50. Ccris 4838

51. Mercury Chloride (2)

52. Chlorure Mercurique [iso-french]

53. Mercury (ii) Chloride

54. Einecs 231-299-8

55. Un1624

56. Unii-53gh7mzt1r

57. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 052001

58. Mercuric Chloride [jan:iso]

59. Cloruro De Mercurio

60. Mercury (ii)chloride

61. Mercury(ii)-chloride

62. Mercuric Chloride, Solid

63. Epitope Id:158532

64. Wln: Hg G2

65. Mercuric Chloride [mercury And Mercury Compounds]

66. Mercury(ii) Chloride, >=98%

67. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Puratronic?

68. Nsc353255

69. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Ar, >=99%

70. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Lr, >=99%

71. Db13765

72. Un 1624

73. Mercuric Chloride [un1624] [poison]

74. Ncgc00249199-01

75. Nci60_003160

76. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Reagentplus(r), 99%

77. D01905

78. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Acs Reagent, >=99.5%

79. Q143200

80. Mercury(ii) Chloride, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

81. Mercury(ii) Chloride, P.a., Acs Reagent, 99.5%

82. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Jis Special Grade, >=99.5%

83. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, >=99.5% (kt)

84. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Anhydrous, Powder, 99.998% Trace Metals Basis

85. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Anhydrous, Beads, -10 Mesh, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

86. Mercury(ii) Chloride, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, >=99.5% (calc. To The Dried Substance)

2.3 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 271.50 g/mol
Molecular Formula Cl2Hg
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count0
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass271.908349 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass271.908349 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count3
Formal Charge0
Complexity2.8
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Disinfectants

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


TOPICAL ANTISEPTIC, DISINFECTANT; MEDICATION (VET): CAUSTIC, ANTISEPTIC, DISINFECTANT

The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983., p. 839


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Disinfectants

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) (See all compounds classified as Disinfectants.)


Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)


5.2 ATC Code

D - Dermatologicals

D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants

D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants

D08AK - Mercurial products

D08AK03 - Mercuric chloride


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LOCALIZATION OF HG FROM HGCL2 ... FOLLOWING SC ADMIN IN RABBIT SHOWED HG TO ACCUMULATE IN ... COLLECTING TUBULES, THE DISTAL PORTIONS OF PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES & THE WIDE PARTS OF HENLE'S LOOP. NO HG ... IN GLOMERULI ...

Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1783


KINETIC STUDIES OF MERCURIC CHLORIDE INDICATED THAT MERCURY WAS CONTAINED IN 3 COMPARTMENTS OF SHORT, MEDIUM & LONG RETENTION TIME WITHIN RAT. KIDNEYS WERE LARGEST COMPARTMENT FOR MERCURY & KIDNEY RETENTION PROBABLY ACCOUNTED FOR LONG-TERM COMPARTMENT.

Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978., p. 175


WHEN GOAT WAS GIVEN (203)HGCL2, LESS THAN 30% OF DOSE WAS ABSORBED. EXCRETION OF (203)HG IN MILK ACCOUNTED FOR 0.22% OF DOSE.

Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides, Update II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish Wildlife Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 2l2. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978., p. 175


DATA ... INDICATE THAT LESS THAN 10% OF INGESTED MERCURIC CHLORIDE IS ABSORBED. UPON HIGH INTAKE CORROSIVE ACTION ... MAY ALTER PERMEABILITY OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ENHANCING ABSORPTION.

Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Kessler, E. and Vouk, V.B. (eds). Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. Vols I, II.: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986., p. 409


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

STUDIES INDICATED THAT LIVERS OF YELLOWFIN TUNA AND ALBACORE HAVE HIGH ACTIVITY IN FORMATION OF METHYLMERCURY FROM HGCL2. THIS ACTIVITY ... NOT FOUND IN THE MEAT. WHEN LIVER-HGCL2 MIXTURES WERE EXPOSED TO VISIBLE LIGHT DURING INCUBATION, FORMATION OF METHYL MERCURY WAS REDUCED BY ABOUT 75%.

Menzie, C. M. Metabolism of Pesticides, An Update. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish, Wild-life Service, Special Scientific Report - Wildlife No. 184, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, l974., p. 241


5.5 Mechanism of Action

Unilateral nephrectomy induces a dramatic change in single-kidney structure and function. Therefore, the effects of nephrotoxins may be altered. To evaluate this possibility, mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous was given to male, Sprague-Dawley rats 2 days following either unilateral nephrectomy or sham surgery. Nonoliguric acute renal failure developed and was qualitatively similar in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate reached a nadir on day 2 and was reduced to a greater extent in the unilateral nephrectomy group. Furthermore, recovery of glomerular filtration was slower and occurred to lesser extent by day 10 in the animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy. Evidence of significant tubular dysfunction was present during the acute phase in both groups, as reflected by changes in the fractional excretion of sodium or lysozyme. Persistent tubular dysfunction was noted on day 10 in both the sham and unilateral nephrectomy groups, but the degree of dysfunction was greater in the unilateral nephrectomy animals. The in vitro uptake of organic ions by renal cortical slices was reduced 24 hr following the injection of mercuric chloride although no difference was seen between the experimental groups. Merury content within renal cortex was not increased in the unilateral nephrectomy group at 1 or 3 hr but was higher 24 hr postinjection. Total urinary mercury excretion during the first day was not altered by unilateral nephrectomy although single-kidney excretion was increased dramatically.

PMID:3705072 Houser MT, Berndt WO; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 83 (3): 506-15 (1986)


Six day old rats were treated subcutaneously with the proximal tubule toxicant mercuric chloride (1 or 3.2 mg/kg) or saline. Twenty four hours later, when evidence of mercury nephrotoxicity is detectable, creatinine clearance, and the fractonal excretion of water and various components of the filtrate were determined using a 2 hr clearance priod immediately after injection of a diuretic. The effects of mercury (3.2 mg/kg) were consistent with its ability to cause acute renal failure and proximal tubular necrosis and also indicated an apparent disruption of the cycling of urea in the nephron. A decrease in the fractional excretion of water, combined sodium and potassium and total osmotic solutes indicated that the diuretic response tho acetazolamide was markedly attenuated in the mercuric chloride-treated pups whereas the responses to furosemide, chlorothiazide and amiloride were not altered by mercury treatment.

PMID:3612527 Gray JA, Kavlock RJ; J Pharmacol Exp Ther 242 (1): 212-16 (1987)


Cultures of some aerobically grown strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli contain up to 24 uM extracellular glutathione ... in addition to having intracellular glutathione concentrations in the millimolar range. The addition of 26 uM glutathione to cultures of S typhimurium strain TA1534 partially protected the bacteria from the toxic effects causing growth delay by 54 uM N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. ... The addition of micromolar glutathione to cultures of an Escherichia coli glutathione strain protected the cells from growth inhibition by micromolar concentrations of mercuric chloride, methyl mercuric chloride, silver nitrate, cisplatin, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, and iodoacetamide. In the cases of mercuric chloride, cisplatin, N-methyl-N'nitro-nitorsoguanidine, silver nitrate, and iodoacetamide, reaction products with glutathione were detected by paper chromatography.

PMID:3533525 Owens RA, Hartman PE; Environ Mutagen 8 (5): 659-74 (1986)


As manifest by tubular collapse and the virtual absence of flow into the glomerulotubular junction, filtration in most nephrons (SNGFR) of rats poisoned with 9 mg/kg body wt mercuric chloride 16 to 28 hours earlier was virtually absent. Arterial colloid osmotic pressure and Bowman's space pressure were modestly depressed (p < 0.05) and mean blood pressure was reduced from 115 +/- mm mercury (SEM) to 97 +/- 1 mm mercury (p < 0.001). Glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure (Pg), 25.6 +/- 1.3 mm mercury was some 24 mm mercury lower than control (p < 0.001) and yielded a net afferent effective filtration pressure (Pnet) of 4.1 +/- 1.2 mm mercury. Excluding three rats with values greater than 10 mm mercury net afferent effective filtration pressure averaged 2.0 +/- 0.9 mm mercury (n= 7 rats) versus 20.0 +/- 1.8 mm mercury in controls (n= 10, p < 0.001), the former being statistically almost indistinguishable from 0 mm mercury and barely able to support any filtration. This decrease in Hg was caused by a major increase in preglomerular resistance and a reciprocal fall in efferent arteriolar resistance, the preglomerular resistance/efferent arteriolar resistance ratio of 7.2 +/- 0.8 being four fold higher than control (p < 0.001). Renocortical blood flow was not different from control (p > 0.2).

PMID:3656937 Wolfert AI et al; Kidney Int 32 (2): 246-55 (1987)


For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for MERCURIC CHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


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