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Chemistry

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Also known as: 919-16-4, Trilithium citrate, Litarex, Citric acid trilithium salt, Lithium citrate anhydrous, Lithium (citrate)
Molecular Formula
C6H5Li3O7
Molecular Weight
210.0  g/mol
InChI Key
WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K
FDA UNII
3655633623

Lithium Citrate
Lithium Citrate is the citrate salt of lithium, a monovalent cation with antimanic activity. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, lithium might exert its mood-stabilizing effect via reduction of catecholamine concentration mediated through transneuronal membrane transport of sodium ion by sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase). Alternatively, lithium may decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, which would desensitize hormonal-sensitive adenylyl cyclase receptors. Furthermore, lithium, in recommended dosage, blocks the activity of inositol-1-phosphatase, thereby resulting in the subsequent decrease of postsynaptic second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, that contribute to chronic cell stimulation by altering electrical activity in the neuron.
1 2D Structure

Lithium Citrate

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
trilithium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3Li/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
2.1.3 InChI Key
WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
3655633623
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Litarex

2. Monolithium Citrate

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 919-16-4

2. Trilithium Citrate

3. Litarex

4. Citric Acid Trilithium Salt

5. Lithium Citrate Anhydrous

6. Lithium (citrate)

7. Citric Acid, Trilithium Salt

8. Lithium Citrate (anhydrous)

9. Lithium Citrate Tribasic Tetrahydrate

10. 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid, 2-hydroxy-, Trilithium Salt

11. Anhydrous Lithium Citrate

12. Demalit; Litarex; Lithonate S

13. 6680-58-6

14. Demalit

15. Chebi:64735

16. Lithium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

17. Trilithium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

18. 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid, 2-hydroxy-, Lithium Salt (1:3)

19. Einecs 213-045-8

20. Citric Acid, Lithium Salt

21. Trilithium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

22. Einecs 233-819-9

23. Anh. Lithium Citrate

24. Unii-3655633623

25. Lithium Citrate (anh.)

26. Citric Acid,lithium Salt

27. Lithium Citrate [mi]

28. Spectrum1504269

29. Chembl1201170

30. Dtxsid70883185

31. Hms1923k13

32. Hms2093g04

33. Lithium Citrate Tribasic 4-hydrate

34. 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid Lithium Salt (1:3)

35. Akos015839591

36. Akos015902460

37. Ccg-213298

38. Db14507

39. Ncgc00095267-01

40. Ncgc00095267-02

41. 1313437-84-1

42. Db-054961

43. Ft-0636234

44. Lithium2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

45. Lithium 3-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxy-5-oxopentanoate

46. Q2351742

2.4 Create Date
2005-08-08
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 210.0 g/mol
Molecular Formula C6H5Li3O7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
Rotatable Bond Count2
Exact Mass210.0515378 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass210.0515378 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area141 Ų
Heavy Atom Count16
Formal Charge0
Complexity211
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count4
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameLithium citrate
Active IngredientLithium citrate
Dosage FormSyrup
RouteOral
Strengtheq 300mg carbonate/5ml
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyWockhardt; Roxane

2 of 2  
Drug NameLithium citrate
Active IngredientLithium citrate
Dosage FormSyrup
RouteOral
Strengtheq 300mg carbonate/5ml
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyWockhardt; Roxane

4.2 Drug Indication

Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors.


5.2 Mechanism of Action

The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.


API Reference Price

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11-Oct-2022
26-Aug-2024
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