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Chemistry

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Also known as: Magnesiumhydroxide, Magnesium (as hydroxide), Chebi:6637, Ins no.528, 1909-42-8, Oxaine m
Molecular Formula
H2MgO2
Molecular Weight
58.320  g/mol
InChI Key
VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
FDA UNII
NBZ3QY004S

Magnesium Hydroxide
An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It acts as an antacid with cathartic effects.
1 2D Structure

Magnesium Hydroxide

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
magnesium;dihydroxide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/Mg.2H2O/h;2*1H2/q+2;;/p-2
2.1.3 InChI Key
VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
NBZ3QY004S
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Acetamide, 2,2'-((2-hydroxyethyl)imino)bis-(n-(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl))-n-methyl-, Mixture With Aluminum Hydroxide (al(oh)3) And Magnesium Hydroxide (mg(oh)2)

2. Acetamide, 2,2'-((2-hydroxyethyl)imino)bis-(n-(1,1-dimethyl-2-phenylethyl))-n-methyl-, Mixture With Aluminum Hydroxide And Magnesium Hydroxide

3. Oxaine M

4. Brucite

5. Hydrate, Magnesium

6. Hydroxide, Magnesium

7. Magnesium Hydrate

8. Magnesium Hydroxide

9. Magnesium Hydroxide (mg(oh)4)

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Magnesiumhydroxide

2. Magnesium (as Hydroxide)

3. Chebi:6637

4. Ins No.528

5. 1909-42-8

6. Oxaine M

7. Ins-528

8. E-528

9. Magnesium Hydrate

10. Magnesium Hydroxide Suspension

11. 1317-43-7

12. Magnesium Hydroxide (gilumag)

13. Phenol,2-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-5-(2-buten-1-yloxy)-

14. Magnesium Hydroxide [jan]

15. Magnesiumhydroxid

16. Magnesii Hydroxidum

17. Magnesium-hydroxide

18. Magnesium(2+) Hydroxide

19. Magnesium Hydroxide Powder

20. Mg(oh)2

21. Chembl1200718

22. Dtxsid4049662

23. Magnesium Hydroxide [ii]

24. Magnesium Hydroxide [mi]

25. Magnesium Hydroxide [fcc]

26. Magnesium Hydroxide 100g

27. Magnesium Hydroxide [hsdb]

28. Magnesium Hydroxide [inci]

29. Magnesium Hydroxide [vandf]

30. Magnesium Hydroxide [mart.]

31. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D211

32. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D212

33. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D213

34. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D214

35. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D611

36. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D661

37. Magnesium Hydroxide Gilumag D671

38. Magnesium Hydroxide [usp-rs]

39. Magnesium Hydroxide [who-dd]

40. Akos015904092

41. Db09104

42. Magnesium Hydroxide [ep Impurity]

43. Magnesium Hydroxide [orange Book]

44. E528

45. Magnesium Hydroxide [ep Monograph]

46. Magnesii Hydroxidum [who-ip Latin]

47. Magnesium Hydroxide [usp Monograph]

48. Ft-0628085

49. Ft-0693469

50. C07876

51. Pharmaceutical Grade Magnesium Hydroxide Hd ~ Usp

52. Q407548

53. J-005906

54. Pepcid Complete Component Magnesium Hydroxide

55. Magnesium Hydroxide Component Of Pepcid Complete

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 58.320 g/mol
Molecular Formula H2MgO2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count2
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass57.9905210 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass57.9905210 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count3
Formal Charge0
Complexity0
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count3
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Magnesium hydroxide can be used as an antacid or a laxative depending on the administered dose. As an antacid, it is used for the temporary relief of heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach or acid indigestion. As a laxative, it is used for the relief of occasional constipation by promoting bowel movements for 30 minutes and up to 6 hours.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

As an antacid, magnesium hydroxide suspension neutralizes gastric acid by reacting with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form magnesium chloride and water. It is practically insoluble in water and does not have any effect until it reacts with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. There, it decreases the direct acid irritant effect and increases the pH in the stomach leading to inactivation of pepsin. Magnesium hydroxide enhances the integrity of the mucosal barrier of the stomach as well as improving the tone of both the gastric and esophageal sphincters. As a laxative, the magnesium hydroxide works by increasing the osmotic effect in the intestinal tract and drawing water in. This creates distension of the colon which results in an increase in peristaltic movement and bowel evacuation.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Antacids

Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. (See all compounds classified as Antacids.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Pharmacological Classes
Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Inhibition Small Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Magnesium Ion Exchange Activity [MoA]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]; Stimulation Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Secretion [PE]; Calculi Dissolution Agent [EPC]
5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

About 15%-50% of magnesium hydroxide is absorbed very slowly through the small intestine.


Route of Elimination

After oral administration, up to 50% of the magnesium hydroxide suspension may be absorbed as magnesium ions through the small intestines and then rapidly excreted in the urine through the kidneys. The unabsorbed drug is mainly excreted in the feces and saliva.


Volume of Distribution

The peak action and distribution of magnesium hydroxide are variable.


Clearance

Magnesium hydroxide is mainly excreted in the urine by the kidneys. Since the kidneys play a major role in its clearance, individuals with renal failure are at risk of hypermagnesemia with long term consumption as the appropriate amounts of magnesium may not be excreted.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Unless a patient is deficient in magnesium, very little is absorbed by the intestine. Overall, about 15%-50% of the magnesium hydroxide suspension is absorbed systemically. However, it does not undergo any metabolism as it is rapidly excreted in the urine.


5.6 Biological Half-Life

N/A


5.7 Mechanism of Action

The suspension of magnesium hydroxide is ingested and enters the stomach. According to the amount ingested, the magnesium hydroxide will either act as an antacid or a laxative. Through the ingestion of 0.5-1.5 grams (in adults) the magnesium hydroxide will act by simple acid neutralization in the stomach. The hydroxide ions from the magnesium hydroxide suspension will combine with the acidic H+ ions of the hydrochloric acid made by the stomachs parietal cells. This neutralization reaction will result in the formation of magnesium chloride and water. Through the ingestion of 2-5 grams (in adults) the magnesium hydroxide acts as a laxative in the colon. The majority of the suspension is not absorbed in the intestinal tract and will create an osmotic effect to draw water into the gut from surrounding tissues. With this increase of water in the intestines, the feces will soften and the intraluminal volume of the feces will increase. These effects still stimulate intestinal motility and induce the urge to defecate. Magnesium hydroxide will also release cholecystokinin (CKK) in the intestines which will accumulate water and electrolytes in the lumen and furthermore increase intestinal motility.


API SUPPLIERS

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Rochem International Inc

U.S.A

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SPI Pharma

U.S.A

USDMF, CEP/COS, JDMF, EU-WC, NDC, KDMF, VMF, Others

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Virtual BoothSPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.

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DKSH

Switzerland

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Virtual BoothDKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.

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SPI Pharma

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USDMF, CEP/COS, JDMF, EU-WC, NDC, KDMF, VMF, Others

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Virtual BoothSPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.

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Priti Industries

India

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Priti Industries

India

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Priti Industries

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Vasa Pharmachem

India

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Vasa Pharmachem

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Particle Dynamics International, L...

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Tomita Pharmaceutical

Japan

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Tomita Pharmaceutical

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Tomita Pharmaceutical

Japan

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Tomita Pharmaceutical

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29-Jan-2022
12-Sep-2024
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