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Chemistry

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Also known as: Mazanor, Sanorex, 22232-71-9, Mazildene, Teronac, Magrilon
Molecular Formula
C16H13ClN2O
Molecular Weight
284.74  g/mol
InChI Key
ZPXSCAKFGYXMGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
C56709M5NH

Mazindol
Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.
1 2D Structure

Mazindol

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]isoindol-5-ol
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O/c17-12-7-5-11(6-8-12)16(20)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)15-18-9-10-19(15)16/h1-8,20H,9-10H2
2.1.3 InChI Key
ZPXSCAKFGYXMGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1CN2C(=N1)C3=CC=CC=C3C2(C4=CC=C(C=C4)Cl)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
C56709M5NH
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. An-448

2. An448

3. Diestet

4. Mazanor

5. Mazindole

6. Sanjorex

7. Sanorex

8. Solucaps

9. Teronac

10. Teronak

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Mazanor

2. Sanorex

3. 22232-71-9

4. Mazildene

5. Teronac

6. Magrilon

7. Terenac

8. An 448

9. An-448

10. Mazindol Civ

11. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-b]isoindol-5-ol

12. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dihydro-2h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

13. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole

14. Sah-42548

15. Dimagrir

16. 5-p-chlorophenyl-2,3-dihydro-5h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol

17. Chembl781

18. 3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-

19. Mazindole

20. 5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol

21. 3h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-

22. C56709m5nh

23. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-5h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindole

24. Mazindolum [inn-latin]

25. Mazindolum

26. 3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-

27. Sah 42548

28. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2h,3h,5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

29. 3h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol, 5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-

30. [3h]-mazindol

31. Ccris 3152

32. Dea No. 1605

33. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

34. Hsdb 3112

35. Sa 42-548

36. [3h]mazindol

37. Sanorex (tn)

38. Einecs 244-857-0

39. S 42548

40. Mazindol (jan/usp/inn)

41. Brn 0546547

42. Unii-c56709m5nh

43. 5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

44. Mazindol [usan:usp:inn:ban]

45. 5h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro

46. Mazindol [hsdb]

47. Mazindol [usan]

48. Mazindol [inn]

49. Mazindol [jan]

50. Mazindol [mi]

51. Mazindol [vandf]

52. (+-)-5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol

53. 3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 2,5-dihydro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-

54. Mazindol [mart.]

55. Mazindol [who-dd]

56. Schembl27849

57. Mls003899228

58. Mazindol [orange Book]

59. Chebi:6702

60. Gtpl4591

61. Gtpl4797

62. Mazindol [usp Impurity]

63. Dtxsid1023237

64. Mazindol, >=98% (tlc), Powder

65. Bdbm50005536

66. 3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-, (+-)-

67. Akos015895573

68. Db00579

69. Ncgc00378886-01

70. Hy-15279

71. Smr000238174

72. Ft-0670955

73. D00367

74. 232m719

75. A816031

76. Q255680

77. Mazindol, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

78. 5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

79. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5h-imidazo [2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

80. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol

81. 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ol #

82. 5h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-

83. 5-thiophen-2-yl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-5-ol

84. (+/-)-5-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol

85. 3h-imidazo(2,1-a)isoindol-5-ol, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-, (+/-)-

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 284.74 g/mol
Molecular Formula C16H13ClN2O
XLogP32.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count2
Rotatable Bond Count1
Exact Mass284.0716407 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass284.0716407 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area35.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count20
Formal Charge0
Complexity419
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Appetite Depressants; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Central Nervous System Stimulants

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


The primary Medication Classification of the US Veterans Administration is GA751: Centrally-acting Appetite Suppressants.

United States Pharmacopeial Convention; USP Dispensing Information 12th ed Vol IA p. 525 (1992)


Anorexic. Central nervous system stimulant.

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1029


... Mazindol /is/ indicated in the short-term (a few weeks) treatment of exogenous obesity in conjunction with a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction, exercise, and behavior modification in patients with a body mass index of > or = 30 kg of body weight per height in meters squared (kg/sq m) or in patients with a body mass index of > or = 27 kg/sq m in the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia. /Included in US product labeling /

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 438


4.2 Drug Warning

An increased prevalence of abnormal cardiac valve function, primarily aortic regurgitation, was found on echocardiographic evaluation in patients receiving phentermine in combination with either dexfenfluramine or fenfluramine, both of which act to suppress appetite by increasing serotonergic function; however, an increased prevalence of abnormal cardiac valve function also has been found in patients receiving dexfenfluramine or fenfluramine alone, and the role of phentermine in producing the cardiotoxic effect is uncertain; because of the severity of these cardiovascular effects and because the safety and efficacy of other appetite suppressant combinations have not been established, combined use is not recommended; also, the safety and efficacy of combining as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which enhances serotonergic function, with a sympathomimetic appetite suppressant have not been established and combined use is not recommended. /Appetite suppressants, sympathomimetic/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 439


When appetite suppressants and the concurrent dietary regimen are used in the treatment of obesity, blood glucose concentrations may be altered in patients with diabetes mellitus; dosage adjustment of the hypoglycemic agent may be necessary during and after concurrent therapy. /Appetite suppressants, sympathomimetic/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 439


Although only cardiovascular action attributed to mazindol is increase of 10 beats/min in orthostatic heart rate, use of this drug in patients with severe cardiovascular disease, including marked hypertension, is inadvisable.

American Medical Association. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1991. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1991., p. 2000


Extreme care is needed during concomitant use of pressor amines.

American Medical Association. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1991. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1991., p. 2000


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for MAZINDOL (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Drug Indication

Used in short-term (a few weeks) treatment of exogenous obesity in conjunction with a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction, exercise, and behavior modification in patients with a body mass index of 30 kg of body weight per height in meters squared (kg/m2) or in patients with a body mass index of 27 kg/m2 in the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Mazindol is a sympathomimetic amine that stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain), leading to increased your heart rate and blood pressure, and decreased appetite. Since the appetite-suppressing effect of the drug tends to decrease after few weeks of treatment, sympathomimetic appetite suppressants are typically used short-term weight-loss program.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors

Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin. (See all compounds classified as Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors.)


Central Nervous System Stimulants

A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here. (See all compounds classified as Central Nervous System Stimulants.)


Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake. (See all compounds classified as Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors.)


5.3 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A08 - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products

A08A - Antiobesity preparations, excl. diet products

A08AA - Centrally acting antiobesity products

A08AA05 - Mazindol


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Single oral dose of 2-mg produced peak blood level of 2.5 ng/mL, for 6 hr. Multiple doses 2-mg 3/day for 4 days caused max concentration of 10.8 ng/mL 2 hr following last dose on day 4.

PMID:38081 Dugger HA et al; Drug Metab Dispos 7 (3): 129-31 (1979)


Excreted primarily in the urine as unchanged drug and conjugated metabolites.

American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Data supplied on contract from American Hospital Formulary Service and other current ASHP sources., p. 1974


Following oral administration, mazindol is readily absorbed from the GI tract. The drug has an onset of action of 30-60 minutes and a duration of action of 8-15 hours. Therapeutically effective blood concentrations reportedly are 3-12 ng/mL, and blood concentrations achieved with recommended dosage are 2-4 ng/mL. Mazindol is excreted primarily in urine as unchanged drug and conjugated metabolites.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 97. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1997 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1772


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Hepatic.


Major metabolite in urine in rat, dog, and human: 5-(para-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-(3)h-imidazo(2,1-alpha)isoindol-3-o.

Dugger HA et al; Drug Metabs Dispos 7 (3): 132-7 (1979)


5.6 Biological Half-Life

10-13 hours


Half-life is 10-13 hours. Duration of action is 8 to 15 hours.

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 25th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2005., p. 438


12 to 24 hr

Reynolds, J.E.F., Prasad, A.B. (eds.) Martindale-The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982., p. 68


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Unlike other sympathomimetic appetite suppressants such as phentermine, mazindol is thought to inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine rather than to cause its release.


Mechanism of anorexiant & other central actions is unknown, but lowering of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine & elevation of dopamine levels both may be involved. Also mazindol interferes with neuronal reuptake of both brain & peripheral norepinephrine.

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 823


The mechanism of action of mazindol has not been clearly defined. Although mazindol is used in the treatment of obesity as an anorexigenic, it has not been firmly established that the pharmacologic action is primarily one of appetite suppression; other CNS actions and/or metabolic effects may be involved. Results in animal studies show that mazindol exerts its effects primarily on the septal area of the brain, specifically the limbic system. The drug appears to alter norepinephrine metabolism by inhibiting the normal neuronal uptake mechanism.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 97. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 1997 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1771


Saturable low-affinity binding sites for (3)H mazindol have been demonstrated in crude synaptosomal membranes from rat brain using both a centrifugation and a filtion assay. Studies on the regional distribution of these binding sites revealed that the hypothalamus and brainstem had the highest density of sites. Kinetic analysis of the binding of (3)H mazindol to hypothalamic membranes demonstrated a single class of noninteracting binding sites with an apparent affinity constant (KD) of 10.2 +/- 0.7 microM and maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) of 786 + or - 94 pmol/mg of protein. Specific (3)H mazindol binding was rapidly reversible, temperature sensitive, labile to pretreatment with proteolytic enzymes, and inhibited by physiological concn of sodium. In most peripheral tissues, such as the liver and kidney, very low levels of binding were observed; however, the adrenal gland had a relatively high density of sites. The potency of a series of anorectic drugs in inhibiting specific (3)H mazindol binding to hypothalamic membranes was highly correlated with their anorectic potencies in rats, but not with their motor stimulatory effects. These results suggest the presence of a specific drug recognition site in the hypothalamus that may mediate the anorectic activity of mazindol and related phenylethylamines.

PMID:3467029 Angel I et al; J Neurochem 48 (2): 491-7 (1987)


The action of an anorexiant, mazindol was investigated, and found that it reduced food intake by directly suppressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, inhibited gastric acid secretion, increased motor activity, decreased glucose absorption, and inhibited insulin secretion. It thus appears that the main effect of mazindol is to decrease food intake through suppressing feeding centers in the hypothalamus.

Inoue S et al; Am J Clin Nutr 55 (1 Suppl): 199S-202S (1992)


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