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Chemistry

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Also known as: Petn, Nitropentaerythrite, Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate, Penthrite, Nitropentaerythritol, 78-11-5
Molecular Formula
C5H8N4O12
Molecular Weight
316.14  g/mol
InChI Key
TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
10L39TRG1Z

Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate
A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025)
1 2D Structure

Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
[3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] nitrate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C5H8N4O12/c10-6(11)18-1-5(2-19-7(12)13,3-20-8(14)15)4-21-9(16)17/h1-4H2
2.1.3 InChI Key
TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C(C(CO[N+](=O)[O-])(CO[N+](=O)[O-])CO[N+](=O)[O-])O[N+](=O)[O-]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
10L39TRG1Z
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Dilcoran

2. Erinit

3. Nirason

4. Nitrodex

5. Pentalog

6. Peritrate

7. Tetranitrate, Pentaerythritol

8. Tetrate

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Petn

2. Nitropentaerythrite

3. Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate

4. Penthrite

5. Nitropentaerythritol

6. 78-11-5

7. Nitropenta

8. Peritrate

9. Pentanitrine

10. Pentanitrol

11. Vasodiatol

12. Angicap

13. Baritrate

14. Corpent

15. Pentaerythrityl Tetranitrate

16. Penthrit

17. Perityl

18. Quintrate

19. Antora

20. Erinit

21. Peridex-la

22. Pentritol Tempules

23. Deltrate-20

24. Neopentanetetrayl Nitrate

25. Arcotrate

26. Cardiacap

27. Dipentrate

28. Duotrate

29. Hasethrol

30. Kaytrate

31. Lowetrate

32. Metranil

33. Mycardol

34. Niperyth

35. Nitrinal

36. Nitrolong

37. Nitropent

38. Nitropenton

39. Nitrotalans

40. Pentafin

41. Pentitrate

42. Pentrate

43. Pentrite

44. Pentritol

45. Pentryate

46. Pergitral

47. Prevangor

48. Rythritol

49. Subicard

50. Tanipent

51. Tetrasule

52. Angitet

53. Lentrat

54. Niperyt

55. Pencard

56. Terpate

57. Extex

58. Chot

59. Pent

60. Nitro-riletten

61. Neo-corovas

62. Pen-tetra

63. Nitropenta 7w

64. Tetranitropentaerythrite

65. Tranite D-lay

66. Pentestan-80

67. Dilcoran-80

68. Martrate-45

69. Myotrate 10

70. Tentrate-20

71. Pentral 80

72. C 2 (explosive)

73. Pentetrate Unicelles

74. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate

75. Tetranitropentaerythritol

76. Pentaerythritylium Tetranitricum

77. 1,3-dinitrato-2,2-bis(nitratomethyl)propane

78. 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol Tetranitrate

79. Pentalong

80. [3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] Nitrate

81. Pentaerithrityli Tetranitras

82. Xtx 8003

83. Tetranitrato De Pentaeritritilo

84. Tetranitrate De Pentaerithrityle

85. 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-, Dinitrate (ester)

86. 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-, Dinitrate (ester)

87. 2,2-bisdihydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol Tetranitrate

88. 10l39trg1z

89. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate With 80% D-lactose Monohydrate

90. Chebi:25879

91. Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate [inn]

92. Ncgc00159388-02

93. Pentanitrolum

94. Erynitum

95. Mikardol

96. Nitrinol

97. Pentarit

98. Pentriol

99. Vasitol

100. 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediol Dinitrate (ester)

101. Dsstox_cid_1109

102. Dsstox_rid_77024

103. Pentryate 80

104. Dsstox_gsid_23430

105. Deltrate 20

106. Dilcoran 80

107. Martrate 45

108. Vaso-80 Unicelies

109. 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediol Dinitrate

110. 3-(nitrooxy)-2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]propyl Nitrate

111. El Petn

112. Pentaerythritol Nitrate

113. 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-1,3-propanediol Dinitrate Ester

114. Lx 16 (explosive)

115. Vaso-80

116. 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis((nitrooxy)methyl)-, 1,3-dinitrate

117. 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-1,3-propanediol Dinitrate (ester)

118. Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate (inn)

119. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (jan)

120. Cas-78-11-5

121. Pentaerythritol, Tetranitrate

122. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate [jan]

123. Sdm No. 23

124. Ten [vasodilator]

125. Ccris 2387

126. Pbxn 301

127. Tetranitrate De Pentaerythrityle

128. Hsdb 6313

129. Lx 13

130. Nci-c55743

131. Pentaeritrile Tetranitrato [dcit]

132. Pentaeritrile Tetranitrato

133. Petn, Nf

134. Pentaerythritoltetranitrate

135. Einecs 201-084-3

136. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate, Diluted

137. Na0150

138. Un0411

139. Lx 02-1

140. Lx 08-0

141. Brn 1716886

142. Unii-10l39trg1z

143. Pentafilin

144. Pentaerithrityli Tetranitras [inn-latin]

145. Pentrinat

146. Tetranitrate De Pentaerithrityle [inn-french]

147. Tetranitrato De Pentaeritritilo [inn-spanish]

148. Vaso-80 Unicelles

149. Miltrate (salt/mix)

150. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate [usp:jan]

151. Pentritol Tempules (tn)

152. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate (dry) [forbidden]

153. Pentaerithritol Tetranitrate

154. Ec 201-084-3

155. Schembl37177

156. 4-01-00-02816 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

157. Sdm No. 23 (salt/mix)

158. Sdm No. 35 (salt/mix)

159. Chembl466659

160. P.e.t.n.

161. Dtxsid2023430

162. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate (dry)

163. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate, With Not < 7% Water, By Mass

164. Zinc8101167

165. Tox21_111624

166. Tox21_301747

167. C0051

168. Db06154

169. Ncgc00159388-03

170. Ncgc00159388-04

171. Ncgc00159388-05

172. Ncgc00255290-01

173. Nitropenta 10 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

174. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate [mi]

175. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate, Wetted With Not < 25% Water, By Mass Or Desensitized With Not < 15% Phlegmatizer, By Mass

176. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate [hsdb]

177. Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate [mart.]

178. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate [vandf]

179. Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate [who-dd]

180. D01721

181. Q189334

182. 2,2-bis(hydroxy-methyl)-1,3-propanediol Tetranitrate

183. 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-, Dinitrate

184. 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-, Dinitrate (ester)

185. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate Or Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Or Petn, Wetted With Not <25% Water, By Mass Or Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate Or Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Or Petn, Desensitized With Not <15% Phlegmatizer By Mass

186. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate Or Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Or Petn, Wetted With Not <25% Water, By Mass Or Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate Or Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Or Petn, Desensitized With Not <15% Phlegmatizer By Mass [na0150] [explosive 1.1a]

187. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate Or Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Or Petn, With Not <7% Wax By Mass

188. Pentaerythrite Tetranitrate Or Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Or Petn, With Not <7% Wax By Mass [un0411] [explosive 1.1d]

189. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Solution, 10 Mg/ml In Acetonitrile, Ampule Of 5 Ml, Certified Reference Material

190. Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Solution, 1000 Mug/ml In Acetonitrile, Ampule Of 1 Ml, Certified Reference Material

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-27
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 316.14 g/mol
Molecular Formula C5H8N4O12
XLogP31.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count12
Rotatable Bond Count8
Exact Mass316.01387170 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass316.01387170 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area220 Ų
Heavy Atom Count21
Formal Charge0
Complexity311
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Vasodilator Agents

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


Vasodilator (coronary)

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1228


FDA has classified the oral forms of pentaerythritol tetranitrate as possibly effective in the prophylaxis of angina pectoris, but not in the treatment of acute attacks. This classification requires the submission of adequate and well controlled studies in order to provide substantial evidence of effectiveness.

US Pharmacopeial Convention; US Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP DI); Drug Information for the Health Care Professional 12th ed, V.IB p.2025 (1992)


Drug preparations intended for human use containing "coronary vasodilators". New drug applications have been approved for products containing pentaerythritol tetranitrate.

21 CFR 250.102(a)(2) (USFDA); U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from, as of January 4, 2010: https://www.ecfr.gov


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

Transient headache and nausea may accompany its use ... Medical authorities state that the sustained release forms are poorly effective. It is not absorbed sublingually. Since absorption by the oral route is erratic, efficacy is unpredictable. /Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, diluted/

Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 794


... Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the hypotensive effects. In addition, elderly patients are more likely to have age related renal function impairment, which may require caution in patients receiving nitrates. /Nitrates (systemic)/

US Pharmacopeial Convention; US Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP DI); Drug Information for the Health Care Professional 12th ed, V.IB p.2026 (1992)


Nitrate therapy should be discontinued if blurred vision or dry mouth continues or is severe. /Nitrates (systemic)/

US Pharmacopeial Convention; US Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP DI); Drug Information for the Health Care Professional 12th ed, V.IB p.2027 (1992)


/Pentaerythritol/ tetranitrate is much longer acting than nitroglycerin but is slower in onset of action. Hence it is used in the prophylaxis of attacks of angina pectoris but not in the management of the acute attack. It is no better than a placebo as a routine chronic prophylactic in angina pectoris; tolerance develops with chronic use. /Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, diluted/

Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 794


In a randomized, double-blind, four-way crossover study, 24 healthy volunteers received 240 mg/d pentaerithritol tetranitrate (PETN), 150 mg/d PETN, 60 mg/d isosorbide mononitrate slow release (ISMN) or placebo in each study period for two days. Headache and disability to work were self-rated six times per day; individual measurements were combined to total scores. ISMN caused headaches more frequently (in approx. 90% of volunteers) and more severe (average total score 15.2) and a greater disability (average total score 6.0) than the high or low PETN-dosage (both in approx. 50%, headache score 4.9 or 6.4, disability score 1.1 or 2.1, resp.) and placebo (in approx. 10%, headache 0.8, disability 0), all these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon). The high PETN-dosage showed a non-significant trend to produce fewer systemic side effects than the low PETN-dosage (not vice versa). With ISMN six volunteers prematurely terminated the study period and one volunteer who was replaced withdrew from the entire study due to side effects; all volunteers completed the study periods with the other medications.

PMID:9689421 Pfaffenrath V et al; Arzneimittelforschung 48 (6): 646-50 (1998).


4.3 Drug Indication

Used for the treatment of angina pectoris.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Organic nitrate which causes systemic vasodilation, decreasing cardiovascular preload. Nitrate enters vascular smooth muscle and converted to nitric oxide (NO) which acts as a cellular messenger, leading to activation of cyclic GMP and, therefore, vasodilation. The nitrovasodilator group of drugs relaxes most smooth muscles in the body, including those in the walls of arteries and veins, and selectively dilate large coronary vessels. Lower doses of nitrates increase coronary blood flow without significantly affecting systemic arterial pressure. Higher doses, especially if repeated frequently, decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as cardiac output, which can result in a headache, weakness, dizziness, and the activation of compensatory sympathetic reflexes, including tachycardia and peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction. Smooth muscles in the bronchi, biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract, ureters, and uterus also can be relaxed by nitrovasodilators. PETN seems to be unique among the long-acting nitrovasodilators in that patients do not demonstrate tolerance to treatment, which results in sustained vasodilation in humans with continuous PETN treatment. Important to note is that this drug is devoid of induction of oxidative stress and related side-effects such as endothelial dysfunction or tolerance to nitrates. Some of these effects are related to special pharmacokinetics of PETN, but upon chronic administration, PETN also induces antioxidative pathways at the genomic level, resulting in increased expression of heme _oxygenase-1 (HO-1)_ _and ferritin_, both possessing highly protective properties. There is good experimental evidence that at least part of the beneficial profile of long-term treatment with this drug is based on the activation of the _heme oxygenase-1/ferritin_ system.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Vasodilator Agents

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. (See all compounds classified as Vasodilator Agents.)


5.3 ATC Code

C - Cardiovascular system

C01 - Cardiac therapy

C01D - Vasodilators used in cardiac diseases

C01DA - Organic nitrates

C01DA05 - Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Route of Elimination

Mainly the urine.


Volume of Distribution

The steady-state volume of distribution was 4.2 +/- 1.1 L/kg (n = 6) in rats given this drug by the intra-arterial route.


Clearance

In a pharmacokinetic study of rats after intra-arterial administration of this drug, the clearance was measured to be 0.61 +/- 0.16 L/min/kg.


During the first 4 hr after ... /pentaerythritol tetranitrate/ admin /in humans/ ... there were significant blood levels of pentaerythritol dinitrate.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 2: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1970 and 1971. London: The Chemical Society, 1972., p. 173


PETN is absorbed slowly from the gastrointestinal tract and lung but not appreciably through the skin.

Doepker CL; Patty's Toxicology CD-ROM (2005). NY, NY: John Wiley & Sons; Aliphatic Nitro, Nitrate, And Nitrite Compounds. Online Posting Date: April 16, 2001


The systemic absorption of meprobamate, diphenhydramine and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) has been demonstrated following oral administration of a formulation containing all three drug substances to human volunteers. A study undertaken in dogs has also been made of the pharmacokinetics of the major nitrated metabolite of PETN when the parent drug is administered with and without meprobamate and diphenhydramine. Pentaerythritol mononitrate shows a six-fold increase in both peak plasma concentrations and area under the 0-12 hour plasma concentration-time curve when PETN is co-administered with a combination of meprobamate, diphenhydramine and nicotinic acid. No such increase is apparent when either meprobamate or diphenhydramine is excluded from the dose. Further increases in pentaerythritol mononitrate plasma levels and AUC 0-12 hr are observed when all of the drugs are administered as the formulated coated tablet (VisanoCor).

PMID:7201836 Gilbert JD et al; Arzneimittelforschung 32 (5): 571-4 (1982).


Following oral admin of (14)carbon labeled pentaerythritol tetranitrate in one study in fasting subjects, 60% and 50% of a 20 mg and 40 mg dose, respectively, were absorbed. Following oral admin of the drug in a tablet form, the onset of hemodynamic effects is about 20-60 min and the duration of action is 4-5 hr.

American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 85. Bethesda, MD: American Society Hospital Pharmacists, 1985. (Plus supplements A & B, 1985)., p. 694


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Extensively metabolized in the liver. Metabolites: pentaerythritol trinitrate, pentaerythritol dinitrate, pentaerythritol mononitrate, & pentaerythritol (inactive)


Rapid de-esterfication of pentaerythritol tetranitrate after po dosing to humans resulted in measurable serum levels of pentaerythritol, pentaerythritol pentaerythritol mononitrate, and small amt of the dinitrate, but no unchanged drug. The kinetics of urinary excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate were first-order and dose-dependent. The ratio of mononitrate to pentaerythritol excreted in urine was 3:1 from a 40 mg dose and 1:1 from a 20 mg dose, suggesting a limited capacity for conversion of pentaerythritol mononitrate into pentaerythritol.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 2: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1970 and 1971. London: The Chemical Society, 1972., p. 446


The main metabolites were found to be pentaerythritol and the mononitrate ester; unchanged drug was recovered from feces only, suggesting a partial hydrolysis mediated by the intestinal microflora to be necessary prior to absorption /in man/.

Testa, B. and P. Jenner. Drug Metabolism: Chemical & Biochemical Aspects. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1976., p. 141


Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is metabolized primarily to ... pentaerythritol trinitrate (pertrinitrol) ... . The trinitrate, dinitrate, and mononitrate metabolites may undergo glucuronide conjugation. The plasma half-life of pentaerythritol trinitrate, which is therapeutically active, is about 10 min. The other metabolites are inactive.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug Information 92. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Inc., 1992 (Plus Supplements 1992)., p. 1022


5.6 Biological Half-Life

The elimination half-life in plasma from male volunteers given an oral 100-mg dose of the tetranitrate was reported to be 4-5 hours.


The elimination half-life in plasma from male volunteers given an oral 100-mg dose of the tetranitrate was reported to be 4-5 hours for the dinitrate and 10-11 hours for the mononitrate of pentaerythritol.

U.S. Department of Labor/Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Index of Sampling and Analytical Methods. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (78-11-5). Available from, as of December 30, 2009: https://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/toc/toc_chemsamp.html


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is the lipid soluble polyol ester of nitric acid belonging to the family of _nitro-vasodilators_. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate releases free nitric oxide (NO) after the denitration reaction, which triggers NO-dependent signaling transduction involving soluble _guanylate cyclase (sGC_). Nitric oxide binds reversibly to the ferrous-heme center of sGC, causing conformational change and activating the enzyme. This enzyme activation results in increased cellular concentrations of _cyclic guanosine monophosphate _(cGMP) within the vascular smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation mediated by cGMP-dependent protein kinases. Additionally, this agent causes dose-dependent arterial and venous bed.


The nitrates reduce myocardial oxygen requirements through their effects on the systemic circulation. Their systemic actions include (1) a reduction in venous tone, which leads to pooling of blood in peripheral veins, decr venous return, and reduced ventricular volume and myocardial tension (preload); and (2) a decr in peripheral vascular resistance, which reduces arterial blood pressure and ventricular outflow resistance (afterload). /Nitrates/

American Medical Association. AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1991. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 1991., p. 527


Antianginal or cardiac load reducing agent: /Mechanism of action/ not specifically known but thought to cause a reduction of myocardial oxygen demand. This is attributed to a reduction in left ventricular preload and afterload because of venous (predominantly) and arterial dilation with a more efficient redistribution of blood flow within the myocardium. Antihypertensive: Peripheral vasodilation. /Nitrates (systemic)/

US Pharmacopeial Convention; US Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP DI); Drug Information for the Health Care Professional 12th ed, V.IB p.2025 (1992)


The basic mechanisms responsible for the vasodilatory and anti-ischemic action of organic nitrates involve bioactivation of, and nitric oxide (NO) release from, these compounds which have therefore been termed NO donors. The organic nitrate pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is known to possess antioxidant properties that are thought to be the underlying cause for its specific pharmacological profile. In contrast to other long-acting nitrates, PETN induces tolerance- free vasodilation in humans and was reported to prevent endothelial dysfunction as well as atherogenesis in cholesterol- fed rabbits. ... The active PETN metabolite PETriN stimulates protein expression of the antioxidant defense protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Additionally, PETriN enhanced the enzymatic activity of HO-1 measured as formation of the HO-1 metabolites bilirubin and carbon monoxide in lysates from endothelial cells. HO-1 induction subsequently led to a marked increase in protein expression of a second antioxidant protein, ferritin, via the HO-1-dependent release of free iron from endogenous heme sources. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with PETriN was followed by increased cellular resistance to oxidant injury mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Endothelial protection by PETriN was mimicked by exogenous bilirubin which led to an almost complete reversal of hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity. Increased HO-1 and ferritin expression as well as endothelial protection occurred at micromolar concentrations of PETriN which are well within the range of plasma or tissue levels that can be expected during oral therapy. The capacity to protect the endothelium in vitro may translate into and explain the previously observed antiatherogenic actions of PETN in vivo. ... Moreover, in earlier investigations aimed at assessing the antiatherogenic potential of nitrates, PETN but not isosorbide nitrates prevented plaque formation and endothelial dysfunction in animal models of atherosclerosis. Thus, the ability to activate HO-1 induction and associated antioxidant pathways apparently distinguishes PETN from other long-acting nitrates and may explain their different patterns of action in vivo.

PMID:14968347 Grosser N, Schroder H; Herz 29 (1): 116-22 (2004). Available fron, as of December 31, 2009:


Nitrates vary in their potential to induce the development of tolerance. During long-lasting nitrate therapy, except pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), one can observe the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the muscular cell of a vessel wall, and these bind with nitric oxide (NO). This leads to decreased NO activity, thus, nitrate tolerance. PETN has no tendency to form ROS, and therefore during long-term PETN therapy, there is probably no tolerance or cross-tolerance, as during treatment with other nitrates.

PMID:19442078 Kosmicki MA; Curr Clin Pharmacol 4 (2):132-41 (2009).


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Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate

Brand Name : Peritrate

Dosage Form : Pentaerithrityl Tetranitrate 80Mg 50 Combined Oral Use

Dosage Strength : 50 CPR 80 mg modified release

Packaging :

Approval Date :

Application Number :

Regulatory Info :

Registration Country : Italy

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