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    Chemistry

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    Also known as: Ethenol, Vinyl alcohol, 9002-89-5, Hydroxyethene, Hydroxyethylene, Gohsenol
    Molecular Formula
    C2H4O
    Molecular Weight
    44.05  g/mol
    InChI Key
    IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    Polyvinyl Alcohol API
    A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.
    1 2D Structure

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    ethenol
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2-3H,1H2
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    C=CO
    2.2 Synonyms
    2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

    1. Alcohol, Polyvinyl

    2. Liquifilm Tears

    3. Polyviol

    4. Tears, Liquifilm

    2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. Ethenol

    2. Vinyl Alcohol

    3. 9002-89-5

    4. Hydroxyethene

    5. Hydroxyethylene

    6. Gohsenol

    7. Polyviol

    8. Elvanol

    9. Mowiol

    10. 557-75-5

    11. Ethenol, Homopolymer

    12. Poly(vinyl Alcohol)

    13. Poval

    14. Alcotex 17f-h

    15. Alkotex

    16. Gelvatol

    17. Rhodoviol

    18. Einecs 209-183-3

    19. Vinylalcohol

    20. E1203

    21. Polydesis

    22. Polyvinol

    23. Vinalak

    24. Vinarol

    25. Vinarole

    26. Alvyl

    27. Covol

    28. Lemol

    29. Mfcd00081922

    30. Gohsenol Gh

    31. Lamephil Oj

    32. Sloviol R

    33. Kuralon Vp

    34. Vinacol Mh

    35. Vinarol Dt

    36. Vinarol St

    37. Aracet Apv

    38. Enbra Ov

    39. Gtohsenol Gl 05

    40. Polysizer 173

    41. Cipoviol W 72

    42. Gohsenol Ah 22

    43. Gohsenol Gh 17

    44. Gohsenol Gh 20

    45. Gohsenol Gh 23

    46. Gohsenol Gl 03

    47. Gohsenol Gl 05

    48. Gohsenol Gl 08

    49. Gohsenol Gm 14

    50. Gohsenol Gm 14l

    51. Gohsenol Gm 94

    52. Gohsenol Kh 17

    53. Gohsenol Mg 14

    54. Gohsenol Nh 05

    55. Gohsenol Nh 17

    56. Gohsenol Nh 18

    57. Gohsenol Nh 20

    58. Gohsenol Nh 26

    59. Gohsenol Nl 05

    60. Gohsenol Nm 14

    61. Vinavilol 2-98

    62. Elvanol T 25

    63. Gosenol Kh-17

    64. Sumitex H 10

    65. Gelvatol 1-30

    66. Gelvatol 1-60

    67. Gelvatol 1-90

    68. Gelvatol 2060

    69. Gelvatol 2090

    70. Gelvatol 3-91

    71. Gohsenol N 300

    72. Gohsenol Nm 114

    73. Kurare Poval 120

    74. Kurare 217

    75. Rhodoviol 4/125

    76. Elvanol 5105

    77. Gelvatol 20-30

    78. Kurare Pva 205

    79. Rhodoviol 4-125p

    80. Kurare Poval 1700

    81. Lemol Gf-60

    82. Poval 205s

    83. Poval 217s

    84. Poval C 17

    85. Elvanol 51-05g

    86. Elvanol 52-22g

    87. Elvanol 73125g

    88. Alcotex 88/05

    89. Alcotex 88/10

    90. Alcotex 99/10

    91. Covol 971

    92. Elvanol 50-42

    93. Elvanol 52-22

    94. Elvanol 70-05

    95. Elvanol 71-30

    96. Elvanol 90-50

    97. Mowiol 4-88

    98. Poval 117

    99. Poval 120

    100. Poval 203

    101. Poval 205

    102. Poval 217

    103. Poval 420

    104. Rhodoviol 16/200

    105. Vinyl Alcohol, Polymers

    106. Elvanol 522-22

    107. Mowiol 26-88

    108. Polyviol W 28/20

    109. Rhodoviol R 16/20

    110. Lemol 5-88

    111. Lemol 5-98

    112. Poval 1700

    113. Polyviol Mo 5/140

    114. Mowiol N 30-88

    115. Mowiol N 50-98

    116. Mowiol N 50/88

    117. Mowiol N 70-98

    118. Lemol 12-88

    119. Lemol 16-98

    120. Lemol 24-98

    121. Lemol 30-98

    122. Lemol 51-98

    123. Lemol 60-98

    124. Lemol 75-98

    125. Polyviol M 13/140

    126. Polyviol W 25/140

    127. Polyviol W 40/140

    128. Glo 5

    129. Pvs 4

    130. Polyvinylalcohol

    131. Vinol

    132. Pva 008

    133. Gh 20

    134. Gl 02

    135. Gl 03

    136. Gm 14

    137. Nh 18

    138. Nm 11

    139. Nm 14

    140. Pval 45/02

    141. Pval 55/12

    142. Gohsenol Nl05

    143. Warcopolymer A 20

    144. Ep 160

    145. Vinyl Alcohol Polymer

    146. Fh 1500

    147. Vinylon Film 2000

    148. Vinylon Film 3000

    149. Vinol 125

    150. Vinol 205

    151. Vinol 351

    152. Vinol 523

    153. Ch2=choh

    154. Polyvinylacetate, Hydrolyzed

    155. M 13/20

    156. Vinylon Film Vf-a 2500

    157. Chembl76101

    158. Dtxsid8051467

    159. Bdbm50473787

    160. Nsc108129

    161. Vpb 105-2

    162. Akos006229012

    163. Nsc-108129

    164. Ds-002731

    165. Ft-0688082

    166. Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (fully Hydrolyzed-low M.wt.)

    167. Q409591

    168. Q27120718

    169. Polyvinyl Alcohol, 86-89% Hydrolyzed, Low Molecular Weight

    170. Polyvinyl Alcohol, 98-99% Hydrolyzed, Low Molecular Weight

    171. Polyvinyl Alcohol, 86-89% Hydrolyzed, Medium Molecular Weight

    172. Polyvinyl Alcohol, 87-89% Hydrolyzed, High Molecular Weight

    173. Polyvinyl Alcohol, 98-99% Hydrolyzed, High Molecular Weight

    174. Polyvinyl Alcohol, 98-99% Hydrolyzed, Medium Molecular Weight

    175. Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (fully Hydrolyzed-very Low M.wt.) Mw 7.000-10.000

    176. Poly(vinyl Alcohol) N=2,000, (degree Of Saponification Ca. 80mol%)

    2.3 Create Date
    2005-03-26
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 44.05 g/mol
    Molecular Formula C2H4O
    XLogP30.5
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
    Rotatable Bond Count0
    Exact Mass44.026214747 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass44.026214747 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area20.2 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count3
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity10.3
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Therapeutic Uses

    For use as a lubricant to prevent further irritation or to relieve dryness of the eye(s).

    NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for ARTIFICIAL TEARS- polyvinyl alcohol solution/ drops (Revised: June 2015). Available from, as of November 23, 2015: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2ef16864-97cb-4dfe-9461-cba156144c69

    4.2 Drug Warning

    Do not use if imprinted seal on the bottle neck is broken or missing. Do not use if solution changes color or becomes cloudy. To avoid contamination, do not touch tip of container to any surface. Replace cap after using.

    NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for ARTIFICIAL TEARS- polyvinyl alcohol solution/ drops (Revised: June 2015). Available from, as of November 23, 2015: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2ef16864-97cb-4dfe-9461-cba156144c69

    Stop use and ask a doctor if condition persists or increases discontinue use and consult a veterinarian.

    NIH; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for ARTIFICIAL TEARS- polyvinyl alcohol solution/ drops (Revised: June 2015). Available from, as of November 23, 2015: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=2ef16864-97cb-4dfe-9461-cba156144c69

    4.3 Drug Indication

    For use as a lubricant to prevent further irritation or to relieve dryness of the eye(s).

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 Pharmacology

    Temporarily relieves burning and irritation due to dryness of the eye or from exposure to wind or sun. Lubricates the eyes and helps protect against further eye irritation/dryness.

    5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

    Absorption

    Polyvinyl alcohol is poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, and readily eliminated from the body.

    Volume of Distribution

    This drug does not accumulate in the body when administered orally.

    The fate of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 195,000 g/mol) was studied in rabbits and nude mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. In-vivo fluorescence imaging using nude mice allowed for studies of tetramethylrhodamine labeled PVA distribution in the body and tracking the urinary excretion. The excreted PVA was studied in detail after collecting the urine of rabbits over a time period of 28 days. The PVA was separated from the urine by dialysis and analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Even after extensive dialysis, it was found that the excreted PVA showed a characteristic brownish color. The spectroscopic techniques revealed that this color was caused by the urine pigment (a metabolite of bilirubin) that could not be separated completely from the PVA. SEC showed unambiguously that the PVA with the very high molar mass had a glomerular permeability in the kidneys. Simultaneously, histological studies of the kidneys and the liver demonstrated that the tissues did not show any obvious damage.

    PMID:20119945 Jiang Y et al; J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 93 (1): 275-84 (2010)

    Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a polymer with a wide range of molecular weights and uses. Recently, low molecular weight formulations of PVA have been used as components of contraceptive products designed for intravaginal administration in human females. Previous studies in animals have determined that little or no absorption of PVA occurs from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there is some concern that PVA of lower molecular weights might be absorbed across membranes of the reproductive tract. Consequently, this work has investigated the absorption of low molecular weight PVA across biological membranes of the reproductive and GI tracts of Fischer 344 rats. Oral administration of ten consecutive daily doses of (14)C PVA resulted in little apparent absorption of the dose from the GI tract. In contrast, intravaginal administration of (14)C PVA resulted in increasing concentrations of PVA-derived radioactivity in major tissues following one, three or ten daily doses of the estimated human dose of 3 mg/kg. PVA-derived radioactivity was concentrated mainly in the liver, reaching a peak greater than 1750 ng equivalents/g tissue 24 hours following ten daily doses. Over 300 ng equivalents/g tissue were still present in the liver 30 days following the last dose.

    PMID:2340195 Sanders JM, Matthews HB; Hum Exp Toxicol 9 (2): 71-7 (1990)

    /Researchers/ report on the distribution of PVA of low (mol. wt 37,000), medium (mol. wt 133,000) and high (mol. wt 195,000) grades following 4 weeks of daily subcutaneous injection of 1 mL of 5% solutions to female Holtzman rats. Polymers of medium and high molecular weights were found in the tissues of the adrenal medulla, spleen, myocardium, liver and kidney. Low molecular weight polymers were not found in any tissues.

    DeMerlis CC, Schoneker DR; Food Chem Toxicol 41 (3): 319-26 (2003)

    PVA sponges (Ivalon) implanted into guinea pigs or rats appeared to disintegrate or deform, suggestive of phagocytosis by macrophages and giant cells or resorption, but there was no indication of the ultimate fate of the sponges or the cellular PVA. Therefore it would seem that while subcutaneously injected PVA may undergo bioaccumulation and implanted PVA undergo partial resorption, intravenous or orally administered PVA is quickly eliminated.

    DeMerlis CC, Schoneker DR; Food Chem Toxicol 41 (3): 319-26 (2003)

    For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

    5.3 Biological Half-Life

    When injected intravenously, polyvinyl alcohol has a half-life of 90 min. Intraocularly, in eye drop form, the half-life is 7.2 minutes.

    5.4 Mechanism of Action

    As a synthetic resin with hydrophilic properties, it increases the persistence of tear film and therefore lubricates and soothes dry/irritated eyes.

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    ABOUT THIS PAGE

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API Manufacturers

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Polyvinyl Alcohol API, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Polyvinyl Alcohol API manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Polyvinyl Alcohol API API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

    click here to find a list of Polyvinyl Alcohol API manufacturers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PhamaCompass.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API Suppliers

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API supplier is an individual or a company that provides Polyvinyl Alcohol API active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Polyvinyl Alcohol API finished formulations upon request. The Polyvinyl Alcohol API suppliers may include Polyvinyl Alcohol API API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

    click here to find a list of Polyvinyl Alcohol API suppliers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PharmaCompass.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API USDMF

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API DMF (Drug Master File) is a document detailing the whole manufacturing process of Polyvinyl Alcohol API active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in detail. Different forms of Polyvinyl Alcohol API DMFs exist exist since differing nations have different regulations, such as Polyvinyl Alcohol API USDMF, ASMF (EDMF), JDMF, CDMF, etc.

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API DMF submitted to regulatory agencies in the US is known as a USDMF. Polyvinyl Alcohol API USDMF includes data on Polyvinyl Alcohol API's chemical properties, information on the facilities and procedures used, and details about packaging and storage. The Polyvinyl Alcohol API USDMF is kept confidential to protect the manufacturer’s intellectual property.

    click here to find a list of Polyvinyl Alcohol API suppliers with USDMF on PharmaCompass.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP of the European Pharmacopoeia monograph is often referred to as a Polyvinyl Alcohol API Certificate of Suitability (COS). The purpose of a Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP is to show that the European Pharmacopoeia monograph adequately controls the purity of Polyvinyl Alcohol API EP produced by a given manufacturer. Suppliers of raw materials can prove the suitability of Polyvinyl Alcohol API to their clients by showing that a Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP has been issued for it. The manufacturer submits a Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP (COS) as part of the market authorization procedure, and it takes on the role of a Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP holder for the record. Additionally, the data presented in the Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP (COS) is managed confidentially and offers a centralized system acknowledged by numerous nations, exactly like the Polyvinyl Alcohol API DMF.

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEP (COS) is recognised by all 36 nations that make up the European Pharmacopoeia Convention. Polyvinyl Alcohol API CEPs may be accepted in nations that are not members of the Ph. Eur. at the discretion of the authorities there.

    click here to find a list of Polyvinyl Alcohol API suppliers with CEP (COS) on PharmaCompass.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API GMP

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

    GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

    PharmaCompass offers a list of Polyvinyl Alcohol API GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, API price, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Polyvinyl Alcohol API GMP manufacturer or Polyvinyl Alcohol API GMP API supplier for your needs.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API CoA

    A Polyvinyl Alcohol API CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Polyvinyl Alcohol API's compliance with Polyvinyl Alcohol API specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Polyvinyl Alcohol API CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

    Polyvinyl Alcohol API may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Polyvinyl Alcohol API EP), Polyvinyl Alcohol API JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Polyvinyl Alcohol API USP).

    Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
    For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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