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1. Potassium Hydroxide Monohydrate
2. Potassium Hydroxide Tetrahydrate
3. Potassium Hydroxide, 39k-labeled
4. Potassium Hydroxide, 41k-labeled
1. Caustic Potash
2. 1310-58-3
3. Potash Lye
4. Potassium Hydrate
5. Potassium Hydroxide Solution
6. Hydroxyde De Potassium
7. Potassium Hydroxide (k(oh))
8. Potasse Caustique
9. Potassium;hydroxide
10. Caustic Potash Solution
11. Caustic-potash
12. Kali Causticum
13. Mfcd00003553
14. Potassium Hydroxide, Pellets
15. Wzh3c48m4t
16. Ins No.525
17. Chebi:32035
18. Ins-525
19. Potassa
20. E-525
21. Koh
22. Cyantek Cc 723
23. Caswell No. 693
24. Potasse Caustique [french]
25. Potassium Hydroxide [jan]
26. Ccris 6569
27. Hydroxyde De Potassium [french]
28. Hsdb 1234
29. Potassio (idrossido Di)
30. Potassio (idrossido Di) [italian]
31. Potassium (hydroxyde De) [french]
32. Potassium (hydroxyde De)
33. Einecs 215-181-3
34. Un1813
35. Un1814
36. Unii-wzh3c48m4t
37. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 075602
38. Kaliumhydroxid
39. Aetzkali
40. Kalilauge
41. Potassium Hydroxide [jan:nf]
42. Hydroxyl Potassium
43. Potasium Hydroxide
44. Potassium Hydoxide
45. Potassium Hydroxid
46. Potassium Hyroxide
47. Potassium Hydorxide
48. Potassium-hydroxide
49. Potassium -hydroxide
50. Potassium Hydroxide (tn)
51. Potassium Hydroxide Flakes
52. Potassium Hydroxide, Flake
53. Potassium Hydroxide, Solid
54. Potassium Hydroxide (koh)
55. Ec 215-181-3
56. Potassium Hydroxide, Flakes
57. Potassium Hydroxide (powder)
58. Potassium Hydroxide, Solution
59. Kali Causticum [hpus]
60. Potassium Hydroxide (pellets)
61. Potassium Hydroxide On Alumina
62. Chembl2103983
63. Dtxsid5029633
64. Potassium Hydroxide [ii]
65. Potassium Hydroxide [mi]
66. Potassium Hydroxide (jp17/nf)
67. Potassium Hydroxide [fcc]
68. Potassium Hydroxide [hsdb]
69. Potassium Hydroxide [inci]
70. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 1 M
71. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 5 M
72. Potassium Hydroxide, P.a., 85%
73. Potassium Hydroxide [vandf]
74. Potassium Hydroxide [mart.]
75. Potassium Hydroxide [who-dd]
76. Alkaline Iodide-sodium Azide Solution
77. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 0.1 M
78. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 0.5 M
79. Akos015904616
80. Db11153
81. Potassium Hydroxide, Pellet, Acs Reagent
82. Potassium Hydroxide [ep Monograph]
83. Potassium Hydroxide Pellets Reagent Grade
84. Potassium Hydroxide Solution [fcc]
85. Potassium Hydroxide, Pellets, Acs Reagent
86. Potassium Hydroxide, Ar, Flakes, >=85%
87. Potassium Hydroxide, Lr, Flakes, >=85%
88. Potassium Hydroxide, Technical Grade, 80%
89. Potassium Hydroxide, Ar, Pellets, >=85%
90. Potassium Hydroxide, Lr, Pellets, >=85%
91. Ft-0645097
92. P2844
93. P2849
94. Potassium Hydroxide Reagent Grade 1kg
95. D01168
96. Potassium Hydroxide Solution 45 Wt. % In H2o
97. Potassium Hydroxide, 10% W/v Aqueous Solution
98. Potassium Hydroxide, 25% W/v Aqueous Solution
99. Potassium Hydroxide, 30% W/v Aqueous Solution
100. Potassium Hydroxide, 45% W/v Aqueous Solution
101. Potassium Hydroxide, 50% W/v Aqueous Solution
102. Potassium Hydroxide, Technical, >=85%, Lumps
103. Potassium Hydroxide, Technical, >=85%, Powder
104. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 0.02 M In Ethanol
105. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 0.1 M In Ethanol
106. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 0.5 M In Ethanol
107. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 45 Wt. % In H2o
108. Potassium Hydroxide, 0.1n Standardized Solution
109. Potassium Hydroxide, 0.5n Standardized Solution
110. Potassium Hydroxide, 1.0n Standardized Solution
111. Potassium Hydroxide, Bioxtra, >=85% Koh Basis
112. Potassium Hydroxide, Reagent Grade, 90%, Flakes
113. Potassium Hydroxide, Saj First Grade, >=85.0%
114. Potassium Hydroxide, Tested According To Ph.eur.
115. Potassium Hydroxide, Jis Special Grade, >=85.0%
116. Potassium Hydroxide, Roti?volum, 0,1n (ampoule)
117. Q132298
118. J-005928
119. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 0.1 M In Isopropanol
120. Potassium Hydroxide, Acs Reagent, >=85%, Pellets
121. Potassium Hydroxide, Electronic Grade, 50% In H2o
122. Potassium Hydroxide, Solid [un1813] [corrosive]
123. Potassium Hydroxide, Solution [un1814] [corrosive]
124. Potassium Hydroxide, Vetec(tm) Reagent Grade, >=85%
125. Potassium Hydroxide, >=85% Koh Basis, Pellets, White
126. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, 28.5%, For Flue-gas Analysis
127. Potassium Hydroxide, 1.0n Standardized Solution In Methanol
128. Potassium Hydroxide, Pellets, Trace Metals Grade 99.95%
129. Potassium Hydroxide, Puriss. P.a., >=86% (t), Pellets
130. Potassium Hydroxide Solution, Volumetric, 8.0 M Koh (8.0n)
131. Potassium Hydroxide, Anhydrous, >=99.97% Trace Metals Basis
132. Potassium Hydroxide, Puriss. P.a., Reag. Ph. Eur., >=85%, Pellets
133. Potassium Hydroxide, Semiconductor Grade Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17851)
134. Potassium Hydroxide Concentrate, 0.1 M Koh In Water (0.1n), Eluent Concentrate For Ic
135. Potassium Hydroxide, Puriss., Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph. Eur., Bp, Nf, 85-100.5%, Pellets
136. Potassium Hydroxide, Semiconductor Grade, Pellets, 99.99% Trace Metals Basis (purity Excludes Sodium Content.)
| Molecular Weight | 56.106 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | HKO |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 55.96644614 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 55.96644614 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 1 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 2 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 2 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 2 |
/EXP THER/ The effects of 1% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution and aqueous Teepol, a surfactant, on reducing subsequent development of anthralin inflammation without loss of therapeutic effect are described. Both compounds were effective and the action seemed to have resulted from enhanced oxidation of anthralin to inactive products by potassium hydroxide and from increased solubility and removal of anthralin by Teepol.
Lawrence CM et al; Br. J. Dermatol.; 116 ISS P171-177 (1987)
/EXP THER/ Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong alkali that has long been known to digest proteins, lipids, and most other epithelial debris of skin scrapings to identify fungal infections. To our knowledge, KOH has never been used for the treatment of molluscum contagiosum (MC). We evaluated 35 children with MC for the clinical effectiveness of treatment with topical 10% KOH aqueous solution. The solution was applied by the parents of affected children, twice daily, on each MC lesion. The therapy was continued until all lesions underwent inflammation and superficial ulceration. Thirty-two of 35 patients achieved complete clinical cure after a mean treatment period of 30 days. Three children discontinued treatment: two reported severe stinging of the lesions and refused further applications; the other, with giant MC lesions, developed a secondary infection with prolonged treatment. Therapy with KOH was found to be effective and safe in the treatment of MC in children.
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) November 2001. Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
Potassium hydroxide is a powerful caustic which has been used to remove warts. /Former use/
Reynolds, J.E.F., Prasad, A.B. (eds.) Martindale-The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982., p. 44
A 2.5% solution in glycerol may be used as a cuticle solvent.
Reynolds, J.E.F., Prasad, A.B. (eds.) Martindale-The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 28th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982., p. 44
Therap. cat (Vet): Caustic. In disbudding calves' horns. In aq solution to dissolve scales and hair in skin scrapings.
Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 1315
Medically, the microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations is utilized in the diagnosis of fungal hyphae or trichomonads. Samples from hair, skin, or nail tissue are obtained by scraping with a scalpel, cotton-tipped applicator and are inoculated directly onto the KOH solution. In addition to the above, potassium hydroxide is used as a softener for nail grooves.
The corrosiveness of potassium hydroxide renders it a very useful agent in the decomposition/removal soft tissue and hair removal. It is incorporated into some nail products, shaving creams, and soaps.
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) (See all compounds classified as Indicators and Reagents.)
Absorption
KOH in aqueous solutions completely dissociates into K+ and OH- ions. Because of the neutralization of OH- by gastric HCl and the rapid blood pH regulation action (buffer capacity of extracellular body fluids, respiratory and renal compensation mechanisms), an alkalosis due to the OH- ions after KOH oral dosage in non-irritating conditions is thus prevented. The uptake of potassium, in potassium hydroxide form, is much less than the oral uptake with therapeutic doses of KCl for treating potassium deficiency, of up to 10 g/day. Furthermore, the oral uptake of potassium from food/natural sources or from food additives is likely to be also much higher.
Interesting observations are also that alkalosis promotes renal excretion of K+, and that, for preventing hyperkalemia, extra cellular potassium is taken up by cells in exchange for hydrogen ions (Saxena, 1989). In other words, these compensating effects of K+ and OH- would attenuate the systemic effect of KOH.
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) November 2001. Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
...It can also be stated that the substance will neither reach the foetus nor reach male and female reproductive organs in effective toxic concentrations. Therefore, no risk for reproductive toxicity is expected.
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) (November 2001). Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
Under normal handling and use conditions (non-irritating) neither the concentration of potassium in the blood nor the pH of the blood will be increased above normal limits and therefore KOH is not expected to cause systemically toxic levels in the blood. The renal excretion of K+ can be elevated and the OH- ion is neutralised by the bicarbonate buffer system in the blood...
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) (November 2001). Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
Alkalies penetrate skin slowly. /Alkalies/
Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, 1987., p. 213
Ammonium hydroxide penetrates fastest, followed by sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and finally calcium hydroxide.
Sullivan, J.B. Jr., G.R. Krieger (eds.). Hazardous Materials Toxicology-Clinical Principles of Environmental Health. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992., p. 433
KOH in aqueous solution is entirely dissociated into K+ and OH- ions. Due to the neutralization of OH- by gastric HCl and the quick and efficient blood pH regulation mechanisms (buffer capacity of extra cellular body fluids, respiratory and renal compensation mechanisms), an alkalosis due to the OH- ions after KOH oral dosage in non-irritating conditions is prevented.
KOH in aqueous solutions is completely dissociated into K+ and OH- ions. Due to the neutralization of OH- by gastric HCl and the quick and efficient blood pH regulation mechanisms (buffer capacity of extra cellular body fluids, respiratory and renal compensation mechanisms), an alkalosis due to the OH- ions after KOH oral dosage in non-irritating conditions is prevented.
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) November 2001. Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
...In every case, it should be realised that aerosols of KOH are not stable. They are rapidly transformed due to an uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere resulting in the formation of potassium bicarbonate and potassium carbonate. Cooper et al. (1979) reported that the transformation of respirable NaOH aerosols into carbonate aerosols could occur in seconds...
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) November 2001. Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
The exact mechanism of action of KOH is not known but the speculated one is that topical application of KOH digests keratin, and induces inflammation. The mechanism of skin injury by alkali substances such as potassium hydroxide is by the saponification of fat, causing fatty tissue to lose its function with increased damage due to a heat reaction. Extraction of water from cells occurs due to the hygroscopic (absorbent) nature of alkali. Dissolution of proteins also occurs, allowing for deeper penetration of OH- ions and resulting in various chemical reactions. The alkali penetrates the skin quickly, saponifies plasma membranes, denatures collagen proteins, and leads to vascular thromboses in the conjunctiva and other parts of the eye. The resulting corneal burns include scarring and opacification of the cornea with resulting in vision loss, corneal neovascularization, ulcer formation, and perforation. Other consequences of untreated or very severe alkali burns include epithelial erosions, secondary glaucoma, and causes the destruction of conjunctival mucus cells, causing dry eyes, trichiasis (misdirected eyelash hairs), and other ocular conditions. In the gastrointestinal tract, after oral ingestion, burns may result. The mechanism of injury is liquefactive necrosis. The thrombosis of gastrointestinal blood vessels also contributes to tissue damage. When the alkali enters the stomach, gastric acid may neutralize the strong base, which can limit the extent of the injury. Perforation of the stomach can sometimes occur with peritonitis and caustic injury to the surrounding organs including the colon, pancreas, liver, and spleen.
The mechanism of injury by alkali skin burns is by saponification of fat, which causes fatty tissue to lose its function with increased damage due to heat reaction; extraction of considerable water from cells due to the hygroscopic nature of alkali; and dissolution of proteins, permitting so deeper penetration of OH- ions and further chemical reactions.
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) November 2001. Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
A systemic (non-acute) oral intoxication by KOH is not expected. Regarding the potassium toxicity, the LD50 value in rats of KCl, 3.020 g/kg bw/day is much higher than that of KOH, in the range of 0.273 - 0.365 - 1.230 g KOH/kg bw/day. This demonstrates that the acute toxicity of KOH is probably due to the corrosivity caused by the OH- ion (pH value), and less to systemic toxic effects of the K+ ion. Under non-irritating conditions, the potassium doses are much lower than those used in acute toxicity studies, and therefore not relevant from the point of view of the systemic toxicity of potassium. Furthermore, the uptake of potassium, via exposure to potassium hydroxide, is much less than the oral uptake with therapeutic doses of KCl for treating potassium deficiency, of up to 10 g/day. Moreover, the oral uptake of potassium from food, from natural origin or from food additives, is likely to be also much higher.
OECD; Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) Initial Assessment Report for SIDS Initial Assessment Meeting (SIAM) 13, Potassium Hydroxide (CAS 1310-58-3) November 2001. Available from, as of March 18, 2015. https://www.inchem.org/pages/hsg.html/
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