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Chemistry

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Also known as: 852626-89-2, Alks 33, Alks-33, Samidorphan [usan], Rdc-0313-00, Chembl426084
Molecular Formula
C21H26N2O4
Molecular Weight
370.4  g/mol
InChI Key
RYIDHLJADOKWFM-MAODMQOUSA-N
FDA UNII
7W2581Z5L8

Samidorphan L-Malate
[Olanzapine] is an effective atypical antipsychotic that, like other antipsychotics, is associated with weight gain, metabolic dysfunction, and increased risk of type II diabetes. Samidorphan is a novel opioid antagonist structurally related to [naltrexone], with a higher affinity for opioid receptors, more potent -opioid receptor antagonism, higher oral bioavailability, and a longer half-life, making it an attractive candidate for oral dosing. Although antipsychotic-induced weight gain is incompletely understood, it is thought that the opioid system plays a key role in feeding and metabolism, such that opioid antagonism may be expected to ameliorate these negative effects. Samidorphan has been shown in animal models and clinical trials to ameliorate [olanzapine]-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. Samidorphan was first approved as a variety of fixed-dose combination tablets with [olanzapine] by the FDA on May 28, 2021, and is currently marketed under the trademark LYBALVI by Alkermes Inc.
Samidorphan is an Opioid Antagonist. The mechanism of action of samidorphan is as an Opioid Antagonist.
1 2D Structure

Samidorphan L-Malate

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(1R,9R,10S)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3,10-dihydroxy-13-oxo-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-4-carboxamide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C21H26N2O4/c22-19(26)15-4-3-13-9-16-21(27)6-5-14(24)10-20(21,17(13)18(15)25)7-8-23(16)11-12-1-2-12/h3-4,12,16,25,27H,1-2,5-11H2,(H2,22,26)/t16-,20-,21-/m1/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
RYIDHLJADOKWFM-MAODMQOUSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C1CC1CN2CCC34CC(=O)CCC3(C2CC5=C4C(=C(C=C5)C(=O)N)O)O
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
C1CC1CN2CC[C@]34CC(=O)CC[C@]3([C@H]2CC5=C4C(=C(C=C5)C(=O)N)O)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
7W2581Z5L8
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 3-carboxamido-4-hydroxynaltrexone

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 852626-89-2

2. Alks 33

3. Alks-33

4. Samidorphan [usan]

5. Rdc-0313-00

6. Chembl426084

7. Rdc-0313

8. Samidorphan (usan)

9. 7w2581z5l8

10. Alks-5461 Component Samidorphan

11. 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,14-dihydroxy-6-oxomorphinan-3-carboxamide

12. (1r,9r,10s)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3,10-dihydroxy-13-oxo-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-4-carboxamide

13. Morphinan-3-carboxamide, 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,14-dihydroxy-6-oxo-

14. Chembl471243

15. (4br,8as,9r)-11-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,8a-dihydroxy-6-oxo-6,7,8,8a,9,10-hexahydro-5h-9,4b-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene-3-carboxamide

16. Samidorphan [usan:inn]

17. Alks33

18. Unii-7w2581z5l8

19. Rdc 0313

20. Samidorphan [inn]

21. Samidorphan [who-dd]

22. Schembl2786239

23. Ccdc 710249, Hcl Salt

24. Gtpl10651

25. Chebi:177605

26. Dtxsid401030402

27. Lybalvi (olanzapine + Samidorphan)

28. Bdbm50165049

29. Bdbm50278265

30. Compound 5 [pmid:15808478]

31. Db12543

32. D10162

33. Q7409428

34. 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,10-dihydroxy-13-oxo-(1r,9r,10s)-17-azatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-4-carboxamide

2.4 Create Date
2006-10-26
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 370.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula C21H26N2O4
XLogP31.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count3
Exact Mass370.18925731 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass370.18925731 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area104 Ų
Heavy Atom Count27
Formal Charge0
Complexity665
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count3
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Samidorphan is indicated in combination with [olanzapine] for the treatment of bipolar I disorder, either as an adjunct to lithium or valproate or as monotherapy for the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes or as maintenance therapy, and for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Samidorphan, a novel opioid-system modulator, functions primarily as a -opioid receptor antagonist and as a /-opioid receptor partial agonist _in vitro_ with an overall profile consistent with a -opioid receptor antagonist _in vivo_ and is currently used to counteract [olanzapine]-induced adverse effects of weight gain and metabolic dysfunction. Samidorphin generally has a mild side effect profile. As an opioid antagonist, it can potentiate opioid withdrawal in dependent patients; it should not be administered within seven days from the last use of short-acting opioids and at least 14 days after cessation of long-acting opioids. Similarly, samidorphan use may lead to life-threatening opioid overdose, either in patients who attempt to overcome the samidorphan-induced opioid blockade or resume opioid use when therapy is interrupted or discontinued. Several other effects may be noted in combination with [olanzapine], including increased risk for potentially fatal cerebrovascular events in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, and tardive dyskinesia. [Olanzapine] is associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. Patients may be at increased risk for orthostatic hypotension and syncope, particularly in patients with known cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease. Leukopenia, neutropenia, and agranulocytosis may occur and should be monitored for; patients with a history of seizure should also be monitored. This combination may exhibit anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) effects. It should be used with caution with other anticholinergic drugs and in patients with urinary retention, prostatic hypertrophy, constipation, paralytic ileus, or related conditions. Serious allergic reactions such as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) have been reported. Patients may be at increased risk of cognitive and motor impairment; caution while operating machinery is recommended.


5.2 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.2.1 Active Moiety
SAMIDORPHAN
5.2.2 FDA UNII
7W2581Z5L8
5.2.3 Pharmacological Classes
Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Opioid Antagonists
5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Samidorphan pharmacokinetics are linear over the range of clinically relevant concentrations, and steady-state kinetics are reached by seven days with once-daily oral administration. Upon reaching steady-state, with a once-daily dose of 10 mg samidorphan combined with 20 mg [olanzapine], samidorphan has a mean Cmax of 45.1 11.4 ng/mL and an AUC24h of 364 112 ng\*h/mL. Samidorphan has an absolute oral bioavailability of 69% and a Tmax of 1-2 hours. Samidorphan pharmacokinetics are not significantly impacted by food; following a high-fat meal, the Cmax was 0.85 (90% CI 0.76, 0.94) and the AUC 1.03 (90% CI 1.0, 1.05) that for the fasted state.


Route of Elimination

Samidorphan is primarily renally excreted, with 67% of unchanged parent and metabolites eliminated in urine and another 16% in feces.


Volume of Distribution

Samidorphan following a single 10 mg oral dose had an apparent volume of distribution between 336.59 75.42 and 557.6 120.51 L, depending on age, gender, and concomitant food consumption.


Clearance

Samidorphan has a mean clearance of 35-45 L/h.


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

Samidorphan is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, with minor contributions from CYP3A5, CYP2C19, and CYP2C8. The main metabolism products are RDC-9986 (an N-dealkylated metabolite) and RDC-1066 (an N-oxide metabolite); although both metabolites have a nanomolar affinity for the -, -, and -opioid receptors, neither is thought to contribute to the pharmacological effects of samidorphan.


5.5 Biological Half-Life

Samidorphan has a mean half-life of 7-11 hours.


5.6 Mechanism of Action

Samidorphan is a novel [naltrexone] analogue containing a 3-carboxamido group that functions as an opioid receptor modulator, both _in vitro_ and _in vivo_. Numerous _in vitro_ studies have demonstrated that samidorphan binds with high affinity to the -, -, and -opioid receptors with Ki values of 0.052 0.0044, 0.23 0.018, and 2.7 0.36 nM, respectively. Samidorphan acts as an antagonist at the -opioid receptor when it signals through Gi proteins, a partial agonist when the receptor signals through GoA, GoB, and Gz proteins, and essentially lacks -arrestin-mediated signalling; samidorphan also acts as a partial agonist at both the - and -opioid receptors _in vitro_. In addition, both the major N-dealkylated and the major N-oxide human metabolites bind to the -, -, and -opioid receptors (Ki values of 0.26, 23, and 56, and 8, 110, and 280 nM, respectively); the former functions as a -opioid receptor agonist and the latter as an antagonist. Overall, samidorphan functions primarily as a -opioid antagonist _in vivo_. [Olanzapine] is an efficacious antipsychotic whose use is limited, in part, by known adverse effects mediated through metabolic dysfunction: hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and weight gain. The exact mechanisms behind this metabolic dysfunction are incompletely understood, but it is known that opioid signalling is involved in feeding and metabolism. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the addition of samidorphan to [olanzapine] helps mitigate its metabolic-related adverse effects; presumably, this is due to opioid receptor signalling, though the exact mechanism remains to be determined. The appropriateness of samidorphan in combination therapy is due in part to its relatively mild side effect profile and low abuse potential.


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19-Oct-2024
15-Nov-2024
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ABOUT THIS PAGE

Samidorphan L-Malate Manufacturers

A Samidorphan L-Malate manufacturer is defined as any person or entity involved in the manufacture, preparation, processing, compounding or propagation of Samidorphan L-Malate, including repackagers and relabelers. The FDA regulates Samidorphan L-Malate manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with relevant laws and regulations and are safe and effective to use. Samidorphan L-Malate API Manufacturers are required to adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) to ensure that their products are consistently manufactured to meet established quality criteria.

click here to find a list of Samidorphan L-Malate manufacturers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PhamaCompass.

Samidorphan L-Malate Suppliers

A Samidorphan L-Malate supplier is an individual or a company that provides Samidorphan L-Malate active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or Samidorphan L-Malate finished formulations upon request. The Samidorphan L-Malate suppliers may include Samidorphan L-Malate API manufacturers, exporters, distributors and traders.

click here to find a list of Samidorphan L-Malate suppliers with USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP, GMP, COA and API Price related information on PharmaCompass.

Samidorphan L-Malate NDC

National Drug Code is a comprehensive database maintained by the FDA that contains information on all drugs marketed in the US. This directory includes information about finished drug products, unfinished drug products, and compounded drug products, including those containing Samidorphan L-Malate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API).

Finished drug products

The FDA updates the NDC directory daily. The NDC numbers for Samidorphan L-Malate API and other APIs are published in this directory by the FDA.

Unfinished drugs

The NDC unfinished drugs database includes product listing information submitted for all unfinished drugs, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drugs intended for further processing and bulk drug substances for compounding.

Pharmaceutical companies that manufacture Samidorphan L-Malate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) must furnish the FDA with an updated record of all drugs that they produce, prepare, propagate, compound, or process for commercial distribution in the US at their facilities.

Compounded drug products

The NDC directory also contains data on finished compounded human drug products that contain Samidorphan L-Malate and are produced by outsourcing facilities. While these outsourcing facilities are not mandated to assign a Samidorphan L-Malate NDC to their finished compounded human drug products, they may choose to do so.

click here to find a list of Samidorphan L-Malate suppliers with NDC on PharmaCompass.

Samidorphan L-Malate GMP

Samidorphan L-Malate Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in GMP-certified manufacturing facility.

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices, which is a system used in the pharmaceutical industry to make sure that goods are regularly produced and monitored in accordance with quality standards. The FDA’s current Good Manufacturing Practices requirements are referred to as cGMP or current GMP which indicates that the company follows the most recent GMP specifications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has its own set of GMP guidelines, called the WHO GMP. Different countries can also set their own guidelines for GMP like China (Chinese GMP) or the EU (EU GMP).

PharmaCompass offers a list of Samidorphan L-Malate GMP manufacturers, exporters & distributors, which can be sorted by USDMF, JDMF, KDMF, CEP (COS), WC, API price, and more, enabling you to easily find the right Samidorphan L-Malate GMP manufacturer or Samidorphan L-Malate GMP API supplier for your needs.

Samidorphan L-Malate CoA

A Samidorphan L-Malate CoA (Certificate of Analysis) is a formal document that attests to Samidorphan L-Malate's compliance with Samidorphan L-Malate specifications and serves as a tool for batch-level quality control.

Samidorphan L-Malate CoA mostly includes findings from lab analyses of a specific batch. For each Samidorphan L-Malate CoA document that a company creates, the USFDA specifies specific requirements, such as supplier information, material identification, transportation data, evidence of conformity and signature data.

Samidorphan L-Malate may be tested according to a variety of international standards, such as European Pharmacopoeia (Samidorphan L-Malate EP), Samidorphan L-Malate JP (Japanese Pharmacopeia) and the US Pharmacopoeia (Samidorphan L-Malate USP).

Inform the supplier about your product requirements, specifying if you need a product with particular monograph like EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or any other quality. In addition, clarify whether you need hydrochloride (HCl), anhydricum, base, micronisatum or a specific level of purity. To find reputable suppliers, utilize the filters and select those certified by GMP, FDA, or any other certification as per your requirement.
For your convenience, we have listed synonyms and CAS numbers to help you find the best supplier. The use of synonyms and CAS numbers can be helpful in identifying potential suppliers, but it is crucial to note that they might not always indicate the exact same product. It is important to confirm the product details with the supplier before making a purchase to ensure that it meets your requirements.
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