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Chemistry

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Also known as: 64-77-7, Orinase, Arkozal, Willbutamide, Butamide, Diabetamid
Molecular Formula
C12H18N2O3S
Molecular Weight
270.35  g/mol
InChI Key
JLRGJRBPOGGCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
982XCM1FOI

Tolbutamide
A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)
Tolbutamide is a Sulfonylurea.
1 2D Structure

Tolbutamide

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
1-butyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylurea
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C12H18N2O3S/c1-3-4-9-13-12(15)14-18(16,17)11-7-5-10(2)6-8-11/h5-8H,3-4,9H2,1-2H3,(H2,13,14,15)
2.1.3 InChI Key
JLRGJRBPOGGCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CCCCNC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
982XCM1FOI
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Apo-tolbutamide

2. Artosin

3. Diabetol

4. Diaval

5. Dolipol

6. Orabet

7. Orinase

8. Rastinon

9. Tolbutamid R.a.n.

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 64-77-7

2. Orinase

3. Arkozal

4. Willbutamide

5. Butamide

6. Diabetamid

7. Ipoglicone

8. Artosin

9. Tolbutamid

10. Aglicid

11. Diabetol

12. Dolipol

13. Glyconon

14. Rastinon

15. Tolumid

16. Diaben

17. Orabet

18. 1-butyl-3-tosylurea

19. 1-butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea

20. Tolylsulfonylbutylurea

21. Diabuton

22. Diasulfon

23. Dirastan

24. Pramidex

25. Tolbusal

26. Artozin

27. Butamid

28. Drabet

29. Mobenol

30. Oralin

31. Orezan

32. Orinaz

33. Oterben

34. Toluina

35. Toluvan

36. Tolbutamidum

37. Sk-tolbutamide

38. N-(butylcarbamoyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

39. N-n-butyl-n'-tosylurea

40. Tolbutamida

41. 1-butyl-3-(p-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea

42. 1-p-toluenesulfonyl-3-butylurea

43. N-butyl-n'-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea

44. N-butyl-n'-p-toluenesulfonylurea

45. 3-(p-tolyl-4-sulfonyl)-1-butylurea

46. N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-n'-butylurea

47. N-butyl-n'-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea

48. N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-n'-butylurea

49. Hls 831

50. Orinase (tn)

51. 1-butyl-3-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylurea

52. N-(sulfonyl-p-methylbenzene)-n'-n-butylurea

53. N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-n'-butylcarbamide

54. Benzenesulfonamide, N-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-4-methyl-

55. Nci-c01763

56. N-4-methylbenzolsulfonyl-n-butylurea

57. N-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

58. D 860

59. Urea, 1-butyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-

60. 1-butyl-3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea

61. N-butyl-n'-toluene-p-sulfonylurea

62. 3-butyl-1-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)urea

63. N-(p-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-n'-butylurea

64. 3-butyl-1-[(4-methylbenzene)sulfonyl]urea

65. Benzenesulfonamide, N-((butylamino)carbonyl)-4-methyl-

66. Nsc-23813

67. 1-butyl-3-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)urea

68. Chembl782

69. 982xcm1foi

70. Mls000028399

71. Arcosal

72. Beglucin

73. Butamidum

74. Diabesan

75. Tarasina

76. Tolbutone

77. Chebi:27999

78. Tolbet

79. N-((butylamino)carbonyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide

80. Nsc-87833

81. Cas-64-77-7

82. Ncgc00015999-10

83. Smr000058363

84. Tolbutamide Form I^l^

85. Dsstox_cid_1359

86. Dsstox_rid_76106

87. Dsstox_gsid_21359

88. Tolbutamidum [inn-latin]

89. Tolbutamida [inn-spanish]

90. Tolumide

91. Ccris 592

92. N-4-(methylbenzolsulfonyl)-n-butylurea

93. Hsdb 3393

94. Sr-01000003059

95. Einecs 200-594-3

96. Mfcd00027169

97. Nsc 23813

98. U 2043

99. Unii-982xcm1foi

100. Brn 1984428

101. N-(sulfonyl-p-methylbenzene)-n'-butylurea

102. Tolbutamide Il

103. Tolbutamide Iii

104. Tolbutamide [usp:inn:ban:jan]

105. Prestwick_471

106. Spectrum_000447

107. Tolbutamide Form I^h^

108. Opera_id_112

109. Tolbutamide [mi]

110. Prestwick0_000190

111. Prestwick1_000190

112. Prestwick2_000190

113. Prestwick3_000190

114. Spectrum2_001210

115. Spectrum3_000599

116. Spectrum4_000358

117. Spectrum5_001272

118. Lopac-t-0891

119. Tolbutamide [inn]

120. Tolbutamide [jan]

121. N-n-butyl-n''-tosylurea

122. Tolbutamide [hsdb]

123. Wln: 4mvmswr D1

124. T 0891

125. Tolbutamide [vandf]

126. Nciopen2_009592

127. Tolbutamide [mart.]

128. Bidd:pxr0179

129. Cbiol_001920

130. Lopac0_001154

131. Schembl15918

132. Bspbio_000119

133. Bspbio_001507

134. Bspbio_002078

135. Kbiogr_000227

136. Kbiogr_000795

137. Kbiogr_002275

138. Kbioss_000227

139. Kbioss_000927

140. Kbioss_002276

141. Tolbutamide [usp-rs]

142. Tolbutamide [who-dd]

143. Tolbutamide [who-ip]

144. 4-11-00-00396 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

145. Mls001148399

146. Mls002152944

147. Divk1c_000341

148. Spectrum1500581

149. Spbio_001000

150. Spbio_002040

151. Bpbio1_000131

152. Gtpl6848

153. Tolbutamide (jp17/usp/inn)

154. Tolbutamide, Analytical Standard

155. Dtxsid8021359

156. Hms501b03

157. Kbio1_000341

158. Kbio2_000227

159. Kbio2_000927

160. Kbio2_002275

161. Kbio2_002795

162. Kbio2_003495

163. Kbio2_004843

164. Kbio2_005363

165. Kbio2_006063

166. Kbio2_007411

167. Kbio3_000453

168. Kbio3_000454

169. Kbio3_001578

170. Kbio3_002755

171. Tolbutamide [orange Book]

172. Cmap_000008

173. Ninds_000341

174. Bio1_000206

175. Bio1_000695

176. Bio1_001184

177. Bio2_000227

178. Bio2_000707

179. Hms1361l09

180. Hms1568f21

181. Hms1791l09

182. Hms1989l09

183. Hms2089c17

184. Hms2092m21

185. Hms2095f21

186. Hms2232h16

187. Hms3259a08

188. Hms3263h09

189. Hms3402l09

190. Hms3651n03

191. Hms3712f21

192. Pharmakon1600-01500581

193. Tolbutamide [ep Monograph]

194. Tolbutamide [usp Monograph]

195. Bcp09192

196. Hy-b0401

197. Nsc23813

198. Tolbutamidum [who-ip Latin]

199. Zinc1530703

200. N-butyl-n''-(p-tolylsulfonyl)urea

201. Tox21_110279

202. Tox21_201612

203. Tox21_302795

204. Tox21_501154

205. Bdbm50027886

206. Ccg-39141

207. Nsc757354

208. Nsc813220

209. S2443

210. 1-butyl-3-(para-tolylsulfonyl)-urea

211. Akos015894999

212. Tox21_110279_1

213. Db01124

214. Lp01154

215. Nc00543

216. Nsc-757354

217. Nsc-813220

218. Sdccgsbi-0051121.p004

219. Tolbutamide 1.0 Mg/ml In Acetonitrile

220. Idi1_000341

221. Idi1_033977

222. N-(n-butyl)-n'-p-toluene-sulfonylurea

223. Ncgc00015999-01

224. Ncgc00015999-02

225. Ncgc00015999-03

226. Ncgc00015999-04

227. Ncgc00015999-05

228. Ncgc00015999-06

229. Ncgc00015999-07

230. Ncgc00015999-08

231. Ncgc00015999-09

232. Ncgc00015999-11

233. Ncgc00015999-12

234. Ncgc00015999-13

235. Ncgc00015999-14

236. Ncgc00015999-15

237. Ncgc00015999-16

238. Ncgc00015999-17

239. Ncgc00015999-19

240. Ncgc00015999-20

241. Ncgc00015999-29

242. Ncgc00022721-03

243. Ncgc00022721-04

244. Ncgc00022721-05

245. Ncgc00022721-06

246. Ncgc00022721-07

247. Ncgc00022721-08

248. Ncgc00022721-09

249. Ncgc00022721-10

250. Ncgc00256548-01

251. Ncgc00259161-01

252. Ncgc00261839-01

253. Ac-12490

254. As-14136

255. N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-n''-butylurea

256. N-butyl-n''-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)urea

257. Sbi-0051121.p003

258. Tolbutamide 100 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile

259. Db-054728

260. Ab00052110

261. Eu-0101154

262. Ft-0603265

263. Sw196681-3

264. T3690

265. Bim-0051121.0001

266. C07148

267. D00380

268. D87667

269. U-2043

270. Ab00052110-16

271. Ab00052110_17

272. Ab00052110_18

273. Tolbutamide, Vetranal(tm), Analytical Standard

274. A834879

275. Q414275

276. Sr-01000003059-2

277. Sr-01000003059-4

278. Sr-01000003059-7

279. W-104820

280. Brd-k85119730-001-06-5

281. Brd-k85119730-001-17-2

282. N'-butyl-n-(p-tolylsulfonyl)carbamimidate;tolbutamide

283. Z44591715

284. Tolbutamide, European Pharmacopoeia (ep) Reference Standard

285. 1-(([(butylamino)carbonyl]amino)sulfonyl)-4-methylbenzene #

286. Tolbutamide, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 270.35 g/mol
Molecular Formula C12H18N2O3S
XLogP32.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count5
Exact Mass270.10381361 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass270.10381361 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area83.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count18
Formal Charge0
Complexity354
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameTolbutamide
PubMed HealthTolbutamide (By mouth)
Drug ClassesHypoglycemic
Drug LabelTolbutamide is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. Tolbutamide is a pure, white, crystalline compound which is practically insoluble in water. The chemical name is benzenesulfonamide, N-[(butylamino)-carbonyl]-4-methyl-. It...
Active IngredientTolbutamide
Dosage FormTablet
RouteOral
Strength500mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyMylan Pharms

2 of 2  
Drug NameTolbutamide
PubMed HealthTolbutamide (By mouth)
Drug ClassesHypoglycemic
Drug LabelTolbutamide is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. Tolbutamide is a pure, white, crystalline compound which is practically insoluble in water. The chemical name is benzenesulfonamide, N-[(butylamino)-carbonyl]-4-methyl-. It...
Active IngredientTolbutamide
Dosage FormTablet
RouteOral
Strength500mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyMylan Pharms

4.2 Therapeutic Uses

Hypoglycemic Agents

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


IT IS USEFUL IN TREATMENT OF SELECTED CASES OF DIABETES MELLITUS, NAMELY MILD UNCOMPLICATED, STABLE DIABETES OF ADULT ONSET & WHICH CANNOT BE CONTROLLED BY DIET ALONE. ... IN DIABETIC PT PEAK EFFECT IS REACHED IN 5 TO 8 HR. DURATION OF ACTION IS USUALLY LESS THAN 24 HR...

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 905


THERE IS NO FIXED DOSAGE OF SULFONYLUREA TO BE USED IN DIABETES MELLITUS. TREATMENT IS GUIDED BY INDIVIDUAL PATIENT'S RESPONSE... /SULFONYLUREAS/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1523


...REPORTS HAVE APPEARED OF SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF REACTIVE HYPOGLYCEMIAS DUE TO A VARIETY OF CAUSES WITH SULFONYLUREAS. /SULFONYLUREAS/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1523


VET: OCCASIONAL, AS AN ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT FOR DOGS.

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 608


4.3 Drug Warning

TOXIC EFFECTS OF TOLBUTAMIDE INCL GI UPSET, WEAKNESS, HEADACHE, TINNITUS, PARESTHESIAS, ALLERGIC REACTIONS (PRURITUS, ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME, MACULOPAPULAR RASH, ALL USUALLY TRANSIENT)...CHOLESTATIC JAUNDICE MAY OCCUR (RARELY)... RARE LEUKOPENIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, PANCYTOPENIA & AGRANULOCYTOSIS OCCUR.

Osol, A. and J.E. Hoover, et al. (eds.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1975., p. 905


Despite this relative lack of teratogenicity, tolbutamide should be avoided in pregnancy since the drug will not provide good control in patients who cannot be controlled by diet alone.

Briggs, G.G, R.K. Freeman, S.J. Yaffe. A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 4th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins 1994., p. 832


SULFONYLUREAS SHOULD NOT BE USED IN PT WITH HEPATIC OR RENAL INSUFFICIENCY BECAUSE OF IMPORTANT ROLE OF LIVER IN THEIR METAB & OF KIDNEY IN EXCRETION OF DRUG & THEIR METABOLITES. ... THESE AGENTS ARE ALSO NOT RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN PREGNANCY... /SULFONYLUREAS/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1522


Maternal Medication Usually Compatible with Breast-Feeding: Tolbutamide: Possible jaundice. /from Table 6/

Report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs in Pediatrics 93 (1): 142 (1994)


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for TOLBUTAMIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.4 Drug Indication

For treatment of NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) in conjunction with diet and exercise.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Tolbutamide, a first-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, is used with diet to lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Tolbutamide is twice as potent as the related second-generation agent glipizide. Tolbutamide lowers blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin and helping the body use insulin efficiently. The pancreas must be able to produce insulin for this drug to work.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Hypoglycemic Agents

Substances which lower blood glucose levels. (See all compounds classified as Hypoglycemic Agents.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
TOLBUTAMIDE
5.3.2 FDA UNII
982XCM1FOI
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Chemical Structure [CS] - Sulfonylurea Compounds
5.4 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A10 - Drugs used in diabetes

A10B - Blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins

A10BB - Sulfonylureas

A10BB03 - Tolbutamide


V - Various

V04 - Diagnostic agents

V04C - Other diagnostic agents

V04CA - Tests for diabetes

V04CA01 - Tolbutamide


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Readily absorbed following oral administration. Tolbutamide is detectable in plasma 30-60 minutes following oral administration of a single dose with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 3-5 hours. Absorption is unaltered if taken with food but is increased with high pH.


Route of Elimination

Unchanged drug and metabolites are eliminated in the urine and feces. Approximately 75-85% of a single orally administered dose is excreted in the urine principally as the 1-butyl-3-p-carboxyphenylsulfonylurea within 24 hours.


AFTER ORAL ADMIN, SULFONYLUREAS ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED. /SULFONYLUREAS/

Miller, R. R., and D. J. Greenblatt. Handbook of Drug Therapy. New York: Elsevier North Holland, 1979., p. 689


TOLBUTAMIDE CAN BE DETECTED IN BLOOD WITHIN 30 MIN AFTER ORAL ADMIN; PEAK CONCN ARE REACHED WITHIN 3 TO 5 HR. .../IT/ IS BOUND TO PLASMA PROTEINS. ... HALF-LIFE OF TOLBUTAMIDE IS ABOUT 5 HR.

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1521


IN CONTRAST TO STUDIES REPORTED IN ANIMALS, METABOLIC CLEARANCE OF...TOLBUTAMIDE IN MAN HAS BEEN SHOWN TO BE UNALTERED BY FASTING.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 4: A Review of the Literature Published during 1974 and 1975. London: The Chemical Society, 1977., p. 350


Excreted (percentage)...100 /from table/

Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997., p. 722


5.6 Metabolism/Metabolites

Metabolized in the liver principally via oxidation of the p-methyl group producing the carboxyl metabolite, 1-butyl-3-p-carboxyphenylsulfonylurea. May also be metabolized to hydroxytolbutamide. Tolbutamide does not undergo acetylation like antibacterial sulfonamides as it does not have a p-amino group.


...MAJOR TOLBUTAMIDE METAB IN MAN HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED AS 1-BUTYL-3-P-CARBOXYPHENYLSULFONYLUREA... 1-BUTYL-3-P-HYDROXYMETHYLPHENYLSULFONYLUREA IS ALSO FORMED IN SMALL AMT.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 1: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1960 and 1969. London: The Chemical Society, 1970., p. 218


IN RAT, MAJOR URINARY METAB, 1-BUTYL-3-P-HYDROXYMETHYLPHENYLSULFONYLUREA COMPRISED 75% OF DOSE, BUT SMALL AMT OF 1-BUTYL-3-P-CARBOXYPHENYLSULFONYLUREA & P-TOLYLSULFONYLUREA, COMPRISING 5% OF DOSE, WERE ALSO PRESENT.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 1: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1960 and 1969. London: The Chemical Society, 1970., p. 219


ALTHOUGH 1-BUTYL-3-P-HYDROXYMETHYLPHENYLSULFONYLUREA HAS BEEN REPORTED AS PRINCIPAL METAB IN CAT.../IT IS CLAIMED/ THAT CAT METABOLIZES TOLBUTAMIDE IN SAME WAY AS DOG. .../IT HAS BEEN SHOWN/ THAT TOLBUTAMIDE IS TRANSFORMED INTO 1-BUTYL-3-P-CARBOXYPHENYLSULFONYLUREA IN GUINEA PIGS & RABBITS.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 1: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1960 and 1969. London: The Chemical Society, 1970., p. 219


IN CONTRAST TO RATS, RABBITS & MAN, DOGS METABOLIZE TOLBUTAMIDE...INTO P-TOLYLSULFONYLUREA & P-TOLYLSULFONAMIDE BY MECHANISM INVOLVING HYDROLYSIS.

The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 1: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1960 and 1969. London: The Chemical Society, 1970., p. 417


For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for TOLBUTAMIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


Tolbutamide has known human metabolites that include 4-Hydroxytolbutamide.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


5.7 Biological Half-Life

Approximately 7 hours with interindividual variations ranging from 4-25 hours. Tolbutamide has the shortest duration of action, 6-12 hours, of the antidiabetic sulfonylureas.


Half-life...3-25 /hours/ /from table/

Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997., p. 722


5.8 Mechanism of Action

Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose in patients with NIDDM by directly stimulating the acute release of insulin from functioning beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue by an unknown process that involves a sulfonylurea receptor (receptor 1) on the beta cell. Sulfonylureas inhibit the ATP-potassium channels on the beta cell membrane and potassium efflux, which results in depolarization and calcium influx, calcium-calmodulin binding, kinase activation, and release of insulin-containing granules by exocytosis, an effect similar to that of glucose.


SULFONYLUREAS STIMULATE ISLET TISSUE TO SECRETE INSULIN. ... SULFONYLUREAS CAUSE DEGRANULATION OF BETA CELLS, A PHENOMENON ASSOC WITH INCR RATE OF SECRETION OF INSULIN. /SULFONYLUREAS/

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1520


ALTHOUGH MOLECULAR MECHANISM...NOT UNDERSTOOD, SEVERAL PERTINENT OBSERVATIONS HAVE BEEN MADE. ...TOLBUTAMIDE IS RESTRICTED IN ITS ACTION TO EXTRACELLULAR SPACE & DOES NOT NEED TO ENTER BETA CELL. INVOKED RELEASE OF INSULIN IS IMMEDIATE & INTIMATELY RELATED TO ACTION OF GLUCOSE...MAY SENSITIZE CELL TO NORMAL SECRETAGOGUE.

Goodman, L.S., and A. Gilman. (eds.) The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 5th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975., p. 1520


Sulfonylureas are now...thought to act by a number of different mechanisms. 1. ...produce a depolarization of the pancreatic islet beta cell membrane potassium ion permeability. This results in a release of preformed insulin into the circulation and occurs mostly in non-insulin dependent diabetics. 2. ...reduce basal glucose output from the liver... 3. increase insulin receptor binding... 4. ...increasing intracellular levels of AMP... 5. increase insulin secretion by suppressing the release of glucagon and somatostatin from alpha and delta pancreatic cells. /Sulfonylureas/

Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997., p. 723


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29-Apr-2024
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