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1. Boron Gluconate
2. D-gluconate
3. D-gluconic Acid
4. Dextronic Acid
5. Gluconate
6. Gluconic Acid
7. Gluconic Acid, (113)indium-labeled
8. Gluconic Acid, (14)c-labeled
9. Gluconic Acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled Salt
10. Gluconic Acid, (99)technecium (5+) Salt
11. Gluconic Acid, 1-(14)c-labeled
12. Gluconic Acid, 6-(14)c-labeled
13. Gluconic Acid, Aluminum (3:1) Salt
14. Gluconic Acid, Ammonium Salt
15. Gluconic Acid, Calcium Salt
16. Gluconic Acid, Cesium(+3) Salt
17. Gluconic Acid, Cobalt (2:1) Salt
18. Gluconic Acid, Copper Salt
19. Gluconic Acid, Fe(+2) Salt, Dihydrate
20. Gluconic Acid, Lanthanum(+3) Salt
21. Gluconic Acid, Magnesium (2:1) Salt
22. Gluconic Acid, Manganese (2:1) Salt
23. Gluconic Acid, Monolithium Salt
24. Gluconic Acid, Monopotassium Salt
25. Gluconic Acid, Monosodium Salt
26. Gluconic Acid, Potassium Salt
27. Gluconic Acid, Sodium Salt
28. Gluconic Acid, Strontium (2:1) Salt
29. Gluconic Acid, Tin(+2) Salt
30. Gluconic Acid, Zinc Salt
31. Lithium Gluconate
32. Magnerot
33. Maltonic Acid
34. Manganese Gluconate
35. Pentahydroxycaproic Acid
36. Sodium Gluconate
37. Zinc Gluconate
1. 59625-89-7
2. Magnesium Gluconate,dihydrate
3. Magnesium Gluconate Dihydrate
4. Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) Hydrate
5. Magnesium Gluconicum
6. Magnesium Gluconate, Dihydrate
7. Magnesium D-gluconate (1:2) Dihydrate
8. Magnesium (as Gluconate)
9. T42nad2khc
10. E-580(magnesium Gluconate)
11. Ins-580(magnesium Gluconate)
12. Ins No.580(magnesium Gluconate)
13. Magnesium Gluconate [usp]
14. D-gluconic Acid, Magnesium Salt (2:1), Hydrate
15. Unii-t42nad2khc
16. Magnesium Gluconate [ep]
17. Chembl3989640
18. Magnesium Gluconate [fcc]
19. Magnesium Gluconate [inci]
20. Magnesium Gluconate [vandf]
21. Magnesium Gluconate [mart.]
22. Db13749
23. Magnesium (as Gluconate) [vandf]
24. Magnesium Gluconate [ep Monograph]
25. Magnesium Gluconate [usp Monograph]
26. Magnesium Gluconate,dihydrate [vandf]
27. W-105312
28. Q27888486
29. Magnesium (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Dihydrate
30. Magnesium;(2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate;dihydrate
| Molecular Weight | 450.63 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C12H26MgO16 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 12 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 16 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 8 |
| Exact Mass | 450.1071264 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 450.1071264 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 285 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 29 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 165 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 8 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 5 |
Magnesium gluconate is a mineral supplement which is used to prevent and treat low levels of magnesium. Magnesium is very important for the normal physiologic functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Generally, a well-balanced diet provides the necessary amounts of magnesium for homeostasis. However, certain conditions causing chronic magnesium deficiency may decrease levels of magnesium. These conditions include treatment with diuretics, a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).
Magnesium is a cofactor in over 300 enzyme systems that regulate a variety of biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation. Magnesium is necessary for energy production, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis.
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism
A12 - Mineral supplements
A12C - Other mineral supplements
A12CC - Magnesium
A12CC03 - Magnesium gluconate
Absorption
A high-fat diet may decrease the amount of magnesium absorbed in the diet. Over-cooking food also may decrease the amount of magnesium absorbed from dietary sources. About 1/3 of magnesium is absorbed from the small intestine. The fraction of magnesium absorbed is inversely proportional to amount ingested. Oral absorption is estimated to be 15% to 30%.
Route of Elimination
Oral: Via urine (absorbed fraction); feces (unabsorbed fraction). Phosphate depletion is associated with a significant increase in urinary magnesium excretion and may lead to hypomagnesemia. Hypercalcemia is associated with an increased urinary excretion of magnesium. The increase in magnesium excretion in hypercalcemia is greater than the increase in calcium excretion and is due to decreased reabsorption in the loop of Henle. Hypercalcaemia leads to a reduction in isotonic reabsorption in the proximal renal tubule causing greater delivery of sodium, water, calcium and magnesium to the loop of Henle. As a result of this increased flow to thick ascending loop of henle, calcium and magnesium transport may be inhibited. In addition, the high peritubular concentration of calcium directly inhibits the transport of both ions in this segment. Osmotic diuretics such as mannitol and glucose cause a marked increase in magnesium excretion. Loop diuretics induce hypermagnesuria, and the increase in magnesium excretion is greater than that of sodium or calcium suggesting that loop diuretics may directly inhibit magnesium transport.
Volume of Distribution
About 60% of the magnesium is present in bone, of which 30% is exchangeable and functions as a reservoir to stabilize the serum concentration. About 20% is found in skeletal muscle, 19% in other soft tissues and less than 1% in the extracellular fluid. Skeletal muscle and liver contain between 79 mmol/Kg wet tissue; between 2030% of this is readily exchangeable. In healthy adults, the total serum magnesium is in the range of 0.70 and 1.10 mmol/L. Approximately 20% of this is protein bound, 65% is ionized and the rest is combined with various anions such as phosphate and citrate.
Clearance
The kidney plays a major role in magnesium homeostasis and the maintenance of plasma magnesium concentration. Under normal circumstances, when 80% of the total plasma magnesium is ultrafiltrable, 84 mmol of magnesium is filtered daily and 95% of this amount it reabsorbed leaving about 35 mmol to be excreted in the urine.
Replaces deficient circulating levels of magnesium. By competing with calcium for membrane binding sites and by stimulating calcium sequestration by sarcoplasmic reticulum, magnesium helps in the maintenance of a low resting intracellular free calcium ion concentration, which is essential in various cellular functions. The electrical properties of membranes and their permeability characteristics are also affected by magnesium. Magnesium is essential to many enzymatic reactions in the body, serving as a cofactor in protein synthesis and in carbohydrate metabolism. Magnesium contributes to the structural development of bone and is also essential in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and the antioxidant glutathione. Magnesium also plays an important role in the active transport of calcium and potassium ions across cell membranes, a process which is important to nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and normal heart rhythm. In addition to the above, magnesium is an essential mineral required for the regulation of body temperature, nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and in preserving nerve and muscle cell electrical potentials. Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy may help to reduce fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia, as well to increase birth weight.
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