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Chemistry

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Also known as: 181695-72-7, Bextra, 4-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide, Valdyn, Sc 65872, Sc-65872
Molecular Formula
C16H14N2O3S
Molecular Weight
314.4  g/mol
InChI Key
LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
2919279Q3W

Valdecoxib
Valdecoxib is a sulfonamide derivative and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Valdecoxib selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, thereby preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, which are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation, and fever. This NSAID does not inhibit COX-1 at therapeutic concentrations and therefore does not interfere with blood coagulation.
1 2D Structure

Valdecoxib

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C16H14N2O3S/c1-11-15(12-7-9-14(10-8-12)22(17,19)20)16(18-21-11)13-5-3-2-4-6-13/h2-10H,1H3,(H2,17,19,20)
2.1.3 InChI Key
LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CC1=C(C(=NO1)C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)N
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
2919279Q3W
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Bextra

2. Sc 65872

3. Sc-65872

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 181695-72-7

2. Bextra

3. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

4. Valdyn

5. Sc 65872

6. Sc-65872

7. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide

8. Kudeq

9. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

10. Benzenesulfonamide, 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)-

11. Ym-974

12. P-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide

13. Chembl865

14. Nsc-759846

15. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)benzene-1-sulfonamide

16. Chebi:63634

17. Cox

18. Ncgc00095129-01

19. Valdecoxib [usan]

20. 2919279q3w

21. Dsstox_cid_24226

22. Dsstox_rid_80128

23. Dsstox_gsid_44226

24. Valecoxib

25. Smr000466327

26. Cas-181695-72-7

27. Hsdb 7302

28. Valdecoxib (usan/inn)

29. 4-[5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl]benzenesulfonamide

30. Valdecoxibum

31. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)benzenesulfonamide

32. Valdecoxib [usan:inn:ban]

33. Unii-2919279q3w

34. Mfcd00950568

35. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl) Benzenesulfonamide

36. Nd-0214

37. Spectrum_001747

38. 2aw1

39. Valdecoxib [mi]

40. Valdecoxib [inn]

41. Spectrum2_000508

42. Spectrum3_001001

43. Spectrum4_001129

44. Spectrum5_001476

45. Valdecoxib [hsdb]

46. Valdecoxib [vandf]

47. Schembl3356

48. Valdecoxib [mart.]

49. Valdecoxib [who-dd]

50. Bspbio_002721

51. Kbiogr_001617

52. Kbioss_002227

53. Mls000759433

54. Mls001165699

55. Mls001195631

56. Mls001424105

57. Spectrum1504302

58. Valdecoxib [ema Epar]

59. Spbio_000435

60. 4-(methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-benzenesulfonamide

61. Cid_119607

62. Gtpl2894

63. Zinc6694

64. Dtxsid6044226

65. Valdecoxib [orange Book]

66. Valdecoxib, >=98% (hplc)

67. Bdbm13063

68. Kbio2_002227

69. Kbio2_004795

70. Kbio2_007363

71. Kbio3_001941

72. Ex-a241

73. Hms1922j21

74. Hms2051p07

75. Hms2232p23

76. Hms3372d12

77. Hms3393p07

78. Hms3652i04

79. Hms3715l18

80. Hms3885o20

81. Pharmakon1600-01504302

82. Amy31078

83. Bcp02419

84. Tox21_111438

85. Ac-120

86. Ccg-39589

87. Nsc759846

88. S4049

89. Akos000280920

90. Tox21_111438_1

91. Cs-1674

92. Db00580

93. Nc00184

94. Nsc 759846

95. Sb19519

96. Mrf-0000216

97. Ncgc00095129-02

98. Ncgc00095129-03

99. Ncgc00095129-06

100. Valdecoxib, Analytical Reference Material

101. Hy-15762

102. Db-044435

103. Unm-0000305814

104. Ft-0631199

105. Ft-0675755

106. Sw197564-2

107. A13342

108. C21552

109. D02709

110. Ab00639996-08

111. Ab00639996_10

112. 695v727

113. A812629

114. Q347613

115. Sr-01000759421

116. J-011613

117. J-513600

118. Sr-01000759421-4

119. 4-[5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl]benzensulfonamide

120. Brd-k12994359-001-02-8

121. Brd-k12994359-001-14-3

122. 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-isoxazol-4-yl)-benzenesulfonamide

123. Benzenesulfonamide, 4-(5-methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolyl)- (9ci)

124. Vlx

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-01
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 314.4 g/mol
Molecular Formula C16H14N2O3S
XLogP32.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count3
Exact Mass314.07251349 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass314.07251349 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area94.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count22
Formal Charge0
Complexity462
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Valdecoxib is indicated for the relief of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis. /Included in US product labeling/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


Valdecoxib is indicated for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. /Included in US product labeling/

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


4.2 Drug Warning

Serious, potentially life-threatening skin reactions, including exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), have been reported during postmarketing surveillance of valdecoxib. Fatalities due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. While serious reactions may occur at any time during therapy with valdecoxib, the risk of such reactions appears to be highest within the first 2 weeks of therapy. While patients with a history of sulfonamide hypersensitivity may be at greater risk for skin reactions, patients without such a history also are at risk for serious skin reactions. These reactions are rare but have been reported at a greater frequency with valdecoxib than with other selective COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., celecoxib). Discontinue valdecoxib at the first appearance of a rash or any other manifestation of hypersensitivity.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1938


Risk of potentially fatal GI ulceration, bleeding, and perforation. Most studies indicate less risk of GI ulceration than prototypical /SRP: NSAIDs/; however, the relative risk remains to be established. Use with caution in patients at risk for GI bleeding (e.g., history of GI bleeding or ulceration, treatment with oral corticosteroids or anticoagulants, longer duration of /SRP: NSAID/ therapy, geriatric patients, debilitation, smokers, or alcohol dependence). Consider alternative therapy in those at high risk for GI bleeding. ...

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1938


Severe (rarely fatal) anaphylactoid reactions have occurred in patients receiving /SRP: NSAIDs/, and anaphylactoid reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema) have been reported during postmarketing surveillance of valdecoxib. Such reactions occurred in patients with or without a history of allergic-type reactions to sulfonamides. ...Cross-sensitivity between aspirin and other /SRP: NSAIDs/ may occur. Do not use in patients with bronchospastic aspirin sensitivity. Avoid use in patients with aspirin triad. Caution in patients with preexisting asthma, as bronchospasms may occur.

McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). American Hospital Formulary Service- Drug Information 2005. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. 2005 (Plus Supplements)., p. 1938


Conditions predisposing to and/or exacerbated by fluid retention (congestive heart disease or edema, pre-existing hypertension), valdecoxib may cause additive fluid retention or edema; also, risk of renal failure is increased in patients with congestive heart disease; valdecoxib should be initiated at the lowest dose in these patients).

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2776


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for VALDECOXIB (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Drug Indication

For the treatment of osteoarthritis and dysmenorrhoea


FDA Label


Symptomatic relief in the treatment of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis .

Treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.

The decision to prescribe a selective COX-2 inhibitor should be based on an assessment of the individual patient's overall risk (see sections 4. 3, 4. 4).


Symptomatic relief in the treatment of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis .

Treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.


Symptomatic relief in the treatment of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis .

Treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Valdecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Valdecoxib is used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) and for the treatment of dysmenorrhea or acute pain. Unlike celecoxib, valdecoxib lacks a sulfonamide chain and does not require CYP450 enzymes for metabolism.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors

A subclass of cyclooxygenase inhibitors with specificity for CYCLOOXYGENASE-2. (See all compounds classified as Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors.)


5.3 ATC Code

M01AH03


M01AH03


M01AH03


M - Musculo-skeletal system

M01 - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products

M01A - Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, non-steroids

M01AH - Coxibs

M01AH03 - Valdecoxib


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Oral bioavailability is 83%.


Route of Elimination

Valdecoxib is eliminated predominantly via hepatic metabolism with less than 5% of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine and feces. About 70% of the dose is excreted in the urine as metabolites, and about 20% as valdecoxib N-glucuronide.


Volume of Distribution

86 L


Clearance

oral cl=6 L/h

6 7 L/h [In patients undergoing hemodialysis]

6 7 L/h [healthy elderly subjects]


At recommended doses, the mean oral bioavailability is 83%. The peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve are roughly proportional across the clinical dose range. Valdecoxib may be coadministered with meals. Peak-plasma concentrations and extent of absorption were not affected after valdecoxib was taken with a high fat meal.

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


Time to peak concentration: Approximately 3 hours. Note: Time to peak concentration was delayed by 1 to 2 hours when administered with a high fat meal.

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


Steady state apparent volume of distribution (Vss/F) of valdecoxib is approximately 86 L after oral administration. Valdecoxib and its active metabolite preferentially partition into erythrocytes with a blood to plasma concentration ratio of about 2.5:1. This ratio remains approximately constant with time and therapeutic blood concentrations.

Physicians Desk Reference. 58th ed. Thomson PDR. Montvale, NJ 2004., p. 2574


Protein binding: Very high (98%).

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for VALDECOXIB (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Hepatic (involves CYP3A4 and 2C9)


One active metabolite of valdecoxib has been identified in human plasma at approximately 10% the concentration of valdecoxib. This metabolite, which is a less potent COX-2 specific inhibitor than the parent also undergoes extensive metabolism and constitutes <2% of the valdecoxib dose excreted in the urine and feces. Due to the low concentration in the systemic circulation, it is not likely to contribute significantly to the efficacy profile of valdecoxib.

Physicians Desk Reference. 58th ed. Thomson PDR. Montvale, NJ 2004., p. 2574


In humans, valdecoxib undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism involving both P450 isoenzymes (3A4 and 2C9) and non-P450 dependent pathways (i.e., glucuronidation).

Physicians Desk Reference. 58th ed. Thomson PDR. Montvale, NJ 2004., p. 2574


Valdecoxib has known human metabolites that include 4-[3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]benzene-1-sulfonamide and 4-[5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]benzene-1-sulfonamide.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


5.6 Biological Half-Life

8-11 hours


Elimination: 8 to 11 hours. Terminal: 8.11 hours.

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Both COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) H2, the precursor of PGs and thromboxane. Valdecoxib selectively inhibits the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, important for the mediation of inflammation and pain. Unlike non-selective NSAIDs, valdecoxib does not inhibit platelet aggregation.


Valdecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic therapeutic effects. It has been proposed that valdecoxib inhibits the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in a decreased formation of precursors of prostaglandins. However, unlike most NSAIDs, valdecoxib does not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme in humans at therapeutic concentrations.

Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004., p. 2775


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