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    Chemistry

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    Also known as: 7646-85-7, Zinc dichloride, Butter of zinc, Zinc(ii) chloride, Zinc butter, Zinkchloride
    Molecular Formula
    Cl2Zn
    Molecular Weight
    136.3  g/mol
    InChI Key
    JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L
    Zinc Dichloride
    Zinc Chloride is an ionic salt essential for the synthesis of cholesterol, protein, and fats. Zinc plays an important role in the proper functioning of the immune system. Zinc is required for the enzyme activities necessary for cell division, cell growth, and wound healing as well as the release of vitamin A from the liver. It plays a role in the acuity of the senses of smell and taste and is required to maintain prostate reproductive health and insulin function. Zinc is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Zinc chloride is administered orally or parenterally as a nutritional supplement.
    1 2D Structure

    Zinc Dichloride

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    dichlorozinc
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/2ClH.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    Cl[Zn]Cl
    2.2 Synonyms
    2.2.1 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. 7646-85-7

    2. Zinc Dichloride

    3. Butter Of Zinc

    4. Zinc(ii) Chloride

    5. Zinc Butter

    6. Zinkchloride

    7. Zintrace

    8. Zinc Chloride (zncl2)

    9. Zinc Chloride Fume

    10. Zinc Chloride, (solution)

    11. Mfcd00011295

    12. Zinc (chlorure De)

    13. Zinco (cloruro Di)

    14. Zinc Chloride, Solution

    15. Zinc Chloride, Ultra Dry

    16. Zinc Chloride Solution Anhydrous

    17. Zinc Chloride Solution, 1.9 M In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran

    18. Zine Dichloride

    19. Zinkchlorid [german]

    20. Zinkchloride [dutch]

    21. Zinc Chloride Solution

    22. Caswell No. 910

    23. Chlorure De Zinc [french]

    24. Zinc (chlorure De) [french]

    25. Ccris 3509

    26. Zinc Chloride 0.1 M Solution

    27. Zinco (cloruro Di) [italian]

    28. Hsdb 1050

    29. Einecs 231-592-0

    30. Un1840

    31. Un2331

    32. Zinc Chloride (tn)

    33. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 087801

    34. Nsc 529648

    35. Zinc Muriate, Solution

    36. Ai3-04470

    37. Zinc Chloride [usp:jan]

    38. Dsstox_cid_15013

    39. Dsstox_rid_79237

    40. Wln: Zn G2

    41. Dsstox_gsid_35013

    42. Zinc Chloride (jp17/usp)

    43. Zinc Chloride, Lr, >=97%

    44. Unii-86q357l16b

    45. Zinc Chloride, P.a., 97.0%

    46. Zinc Chloride In Plastic Container

    47. Tox21_301492

    48. Zinc Chloride, 1.9m In 2-methf

    49. Zinc Chloride, For Molecular Biology

    50. Zinc Chloride, 25mm Aqueous Solution

    51. Akos016017250

    52. Zinc Chloride, 0.5m Solution In Thf

    53. Zinc Chloride, 0.7m Solution In Thf

    54. Zinc Chloride, Acs Reagent, >=97%

    55. Zinc Chloride, Reagent Grade, >=98%

    56. Zinc Chloride Solution, 0.5 M In Thf

    57. Ncgc00255612-01

    58. Zinc Chloride (99.99%-zn) Puratrem

    59. Cas-7646-85-7

    60. Ft-0645122

    61. Zinc Chloride, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

    62. Zinc Chloride, Saj First Grade, >=95.0%

    63. Zinc Chloride, Jis Special Grade, >=98.0%

    64. D02058

    65. Ec 231-592-0

    66. Zinc Chloride Solution, 1.0 M In Diethyl Ether

    67. Zinc Chloride, Solution [un1840] [corrosive]

    68. Q204714

    69. Zinc Chloride, Anhydrous [un2331] [corrosive]

    70. Brd-k46586998-001-01-1

    71. Zinc Chloride, Bioreagent, For Molecular Biology, >=97.0%

    72. Zinc Chloride, Anhydrous, Powder, >=99.995% Trace Metals Basis

    73. Zinc Chloride, Anhydrous, Free-flowing, Redi-dri(tm), Acs Reagent, >=97%

    74. Zinc Chloride, 1m In Diethyl Ether, Packaged Under Argon In Resealable Chemseal Bottles

    75. Zinc Chloride, Anhydrous, Beads, Amorphous, -10 Mesh, 99.99% Trace Metals Basis

    76. Zinc Chloride, Anhydrous, Beads, Amorphous, -10 Mesh, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

    77. Zinc Chloride, Anhydrous, Free-flowing, Redi-dri(tm), Reagent Grade, >=98%

    78. Zinc Chloride, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., >=98%

    79. Zinc Chloride, Puriss., Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph. Eur., Bp, Usp, 98-100.5%

    80. Zinc Atomic Spectroscopy Standard Concentrate 1.00 G Zn, 1.00 G/l, For 1l Standard Solution, Analytical Standard

    81. Zinc Chloride, Bioreagent, For Molecular Biology, Suitable For Cell Culture, Suitable For Insect Cell Culture

    2.3 Create Date
    2005-03-25
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 136.3 g/mol
    Molecular Formula Cl2Zn
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count0
    Rotatable Bond Count0
    Exact Mass133.866847 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass133.866847 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area0 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count3
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity2.8
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Drug Information
    1 of 2  
    Drug NameZinc chloride in plastic container
    Active IngredientZinc chloride
    Dosage FormInjectable
    RouteInjection
    Strengtheq 1mg zinc/ml
    Market StatusPrescription
    CompanyHospira

    2 of 2  
    Drug NameZinc chloride in plastic container
    Active IngredientZinc chloride
    Dosage FormInjectable
    RouteInjection
    Strengtheq 1mg zinc/ml
    Market StatusPrescription
    CompanyHospira

    4.2 Therapeutic Uses

    Mesh Heading: Mouthwashes

    National Library of Medicine, SIS; ChemIDplus Record for Zinc Chloride (7646-85-7). Available from, as of April 17, 2006: https://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp

    In low concentrations it is astringent and mildly antibacterial. It is used in vaginal douches to supress trichomonal and hemophilus infections. Although it is used in mouthwashes, contact time is too short, and only astringent and not antibacterial action results.

    Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 722

    MEDICATION (VET): Rare as caustic in fistulas (20% solution), as paste in chemotherapy of cancers, and on ulcers (2-4%). Some may still use it as antiseptic astringent on eye infections (0.1-0.2% solution).

    Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 668

    Astringent for corn and callus treatment

    SRI

    For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

    4.3 Drug Warning

    FDA Pregnancy Risk Category: C /RISK CANNOT BE RULED OUT. Adequate, well controlled human studies are lacking, and animal studies have shown risk to the fetus or are lacking as well. There is a chance of fetal harm if the drug is given during pregnancy; but the potential benefits may outweigh the potential risk./ /Zinc supplements; parenteral zinc/

    Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006.

    Zinc supplements should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, since many foods may impair the absorption of zinc. If gastric irritation occurs, then zinc supplements may be taken with meals; however, the zinc will be less bioavailable. /Zinc supplements/

    Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006.

    In most cases, parenteral administration is indicated only when oral administration is not acceptable (for example, in nausea, vomiting, preoperative and postoperative conditions) or possible (for example, in malabsorption syndromes or following gastric resection). /Zinc supplements/

    Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006.

    Zinc injection that contains benzyl alcohol as a preservative should not be used in newborn and immature infants. The use of benzyl alcohol in neonates has been associated with a fatal toxic syndrome consisting of metabolic acidosis and CNS, respiratory, circulatory, and renal function impairment. /Zinc supplements/

    Thomson/Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. Volume 1, Greenwood Village, CO. 2006.

    For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 FDA Pharmacological Classification
    5.1.1 Pharmacological Classes
    Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]; Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC]
    5.2 ATC Code

    B - Blood and blood forming organs

    B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions

    B05X - I.v. solution additives

    B05XA - Electrolyte solutions

    B05XA12 - Zinc chloride

    5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

    In humans subjected to low doses of (65)zinc chloride and whole-body measurements ... /it was/ estimated absorption to range from 58% to 77% in 5 controls, and from 16% to 42% in 3 patients suffering from acrodermatitis enterohepatica. The whole-body zinc retention was measured for 34 days ... One week after oral tracer dose of 2 ug zinc chloride to mice, the highest concentrations were found in bone tissue followed by liver and kidney.

    Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Kessler, E. and Vouk, V.B. (eds). Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. Vols I, II.: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986., p. II:669

    The whole-body retention at 95 hr after intravascular injection of carrier-free (65)zinc chloride to mature male rats amounted to 78.3% of the dose.

    Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 2:261

    In one study, 95 hr after injection of (65)zinc chloride to rats, 20.1% of the dose was recovered in feces and only 0.6% in urine ...

    Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 2:262

    In mice given 0.3 ugzinc chloride iv, about 50% of the total dose was recovered in feces within a week. the corresponding value in 1 wk for dogs given 6.5 ug zinc chloride was about 20%. Urinary excretion for the same period was well below 5% of the dose in both species ... Biliary excretion of zinc in rats was found to be 4% over a period of 48 hr following a single iv dose of 0.1 mg (65)zinc chloride.

    Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Kessler, E. and Vouk, V.B. (eds). Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. Vols I, II.: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986., p. II670

    For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for ZINC CHLORIDE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

    5.4 Biological Half-Life

    For zinc, whole body: 162-500 days; [TDR, p. 1245]

    TDR - Ryan RP, Terry CE, Leffingwell SS (eds). Toxicology Desk Reference: The Toxic Exposure and Medical Monitoring Index, 5th Ed. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis, 1999., p. 1245

    5.5 Mechanism of Action

    Hepatocytes were grown in monolayer culture for 22 hr and subsequently treated with zinc chloride (100 uM) for 24 hr which produced a 15-fold increase in metallothionein proteins (MT) concentration. Following pretreatment with zinc chloride, hepatocytes were treated with 20 or 40 uM silver nitrate for 24 hr, and cytotoxicity was then assessed by enzyme leakage and loss of intracellular potassium. The toxicity of silver was significantly less in the zinc-pretreated cells. Furthermore, although zinc pretreatment had no appreciable effect on the hepatocellular uptake of silver, it did alter the subcellular distribution, and silver accumulated more in the cytosol and less in the nuclear, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions. Silver in the cytosol of control cells was bound primarily to high molecular weight proteins, whereas silver was mainly associated with MT in the zinc-pretreated cells. Zinc-induced MT in rat primary hepatocyte cultures protects against silver-induced cytotoxicity which results from the binding of silver to MT with a concomitant reduction of metal content in critical organelles and proteins.

    Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 2:142

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