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Chemistry

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Also known as: 26615-21-4, Nipolept, Lodopin, Zoleptil, Zotepina, Zotepinum
Molecular Formula
C18H18ClNOS
Molecular Weight
331.9  g/mol
InChI Key
HDOZVRUNCMBHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
U29O83JAZW

Zotepine
Zotepine, with the formula (2-chloro-11-(2-dimethyl-amino-ethoxy)-dibenzo thiepin, is a neuroleptic drug. It was designed and synthesized by Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. It has been used as an antipsychotic in Japan, India and some places in Europe like UK and Germany since 1980's. Zotepine was never approved by the FDA. In 1993, it was classified as inactive drug substance (Status I, Type II) and in 1995 the FDA studied the manufacturing procedures of Zotepine tablets in Germany, but the status remained inactive. When the analysis of antipsychotics was retaken in 2016 by the FDA, zotepine did not reach the threshold effect to be further studied.. In the EMA, by 2015 it was under pharmacovigilance studies for the potential treatment of acute renal failure.
1 2D Structure

Zotepine

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
2-(3-chlorobenzo[b][1]benzothiepin-5-yl)oxy-N,N-dimethylethanamine
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C18H18ClNOS/c1-20(2)9-10-21-16-11-13-5-3-4-6-17(13)22-18-8-7-14(19)12-15(16)18/h3-8,11-12H,9-10H2,1-2H3
2.1.3 InChI Key
HDOZVRUNCMBHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CN(C)CCOC1=CC2=CC=CC=C2SC3=C1C=C(C=C3)Cl
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
U29O83JAZW
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 2-chloro-11-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)dibenzo(b,f)thiepine

2. Nipolept

3. Zoleptil

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 26615-21-4

2. Nipolept

3. Lodopin

4. Zoleptil

5. Zotepina

6. Zotepinum

7. Setous

8. Zotepin

9. 2-chloro-11-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)dibenzo(b,f)thiepin

10. 2-chlor-11-(2-dimethylaminoaethoxy)-dibenzo(b,f)-thiepin

11. Ethanamine, 2-[(8-chlorodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl)oxy]-n,n-dimethyl-

12. U29o83jazw

13. Chembl285802

14. Chebi:32316

15. 2-(3-chlorobenzo[b][1]benzothiepin-5-yl)oxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine

16. 2-[(8-chlorodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-10-yl)oxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine

17. Ncgc00182081-02

18. 2-((8-chlorodibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)oxy)-n,n-dimethylethanamine

19. 2-((8-chlorodibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)oxy)-n,n-dimethylethylamine

20. Dsstox_cid_3756

21. Compound-4

22. Dsstox_rid_77187

23. Dsstox_gsid_23756

24. Lodopin; Losizopilon; Nipolept; Setous; Zoleptil;

25. Zotepina [spanish]

26. Zotepinum [inn-latin]

27. Zotepina [inn-spanish]

28. 2-(3-chloranylbenzo[b][1]benzothiepin-5-yl)oxy-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine

29. Ethanamine, 2-((8-chlorodibenzo(b,f)thiepin-10-yl)oxy)-n,n-dimethyl-

30. Cas-26615-21-4

31. Unii-u29o83jazw

32. Zotepine [inn:ban:jan]

33. Brn 1435710

34. Engramon

35. Majorpin

36. Setous (tn)

37. 2-chloro-11-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-dibenzo(b,f)thiepine

38. Zotepine (jan/inn)

39. Zotepine [inn]

40. Zotepine [jan]

41. Zotepine [mi]

42. 2-chlor-11-(2-dimethylaminoaethoxy)-dibenzo(b,f)-thiepin [german]

43. Zotepine [mart.]

44. Zotepine [who-dd]

45. Gtpl103

46. 5-17-04-00588 (beilstein Handbook Reference)

47. Schembl114409

48. Zinc2264

49. Dtxsid9023756

50. Bdbm35255

51. Hdozvruncmbhfh-uhfffaoysa-

52. Hms3713e06

53. Bcp06661

54. Tox21_113135

55. Dibenzo(b,f)thiepin, 2-chloro-11-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)-

56. Akos005066198

57. Tox21_113135_1

58. Ccg-220422

59. Db09225

60. Fr-1314

61. Ncgc00182081-03

62. Ncgc00182081-04

63. As-12557

64. Hy-103093

65. B7563

66. Cs-0024101

67. Ft-0655460

68. D01321

69. 615z214

70. A818524

71. L000902

72. Q226905

73. Sr-01000872710

74. Sr-01000872710-1

75. 2-(8-chlorobenzo[b][1]benzothiepin-6-yl)oxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine

76. 2-((3-chloro-5l4-dibenzo[b,f]thiepin-5-yl)oxy)-n,n-dimethylethan-1-amine

77. 2-[(8-chlorodibenzo(z)[b,f]thiepin- 10-yl)oxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine

78. 2-[(8-chlorodibenzo(z)[b,f]thiepin-10-yl)oxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine

79. 1200591-33-8

80. Zot

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 331.9 g/mol
Molecular Formula C18H18ClNOS
XLogP34.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count4
Exact Mass331.0797631 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass331.0797631 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area37.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count22
Formal Charge0
Complexity401
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Zotepine, like other atypical antipsychotics, is considered as the first-line treatment in newly diagnosed schizophrenia. It is usually thought to be an option of choice for managing acute schizophrenic episodes when discussion with the patient is not possible. Zotepine, as an atypical antipsychotic, is used in patients who are suffering unacceptable side effects from conventional antipsychotics or in relapse patients that were inadequately controlled. It is important to consider that the indications stated above are related to atypical antipsychotics, that zotepine is not currently FDA, Canada or EMA approved and that studies have not shown any additional benefit when compared with other approved atypical antipsychotics. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. It is usually marked for a loose reality perspective delineated by hallucinations, delusions and thought and movement disorders.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

In preclinical studies, zotepine is characterized by the presence of a strong antiserotonergic activity when compared with other neuroleptic drugs. It has also been reported to present elevations in the seizure threshold in the amygdaloid nucleus. When zotepine's effects were analyzed by electroencephalography, it was noted a typical response of a low-potency neuroleptics of the sedative type. Administration of zotepine has shown improvements in numerical movements and complex reaction. These effects tend to be accompanied by increases in pulse rate, increase in prolactin levels and some typical neuroleptic side effects.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Antipsychotic Agents

Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. (See all compounds classified as Antipsychotic Agents.)


5.3 ATC Code

N - Nervous system

N05 - Psycholeptics

N05A - Antipsychotics

N05AX - Other antipsychotics

N05AX11 - Zotepine


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies have shown a dose-dependent increase in plasma levels with a tmax between 2-4 hours and Cmax from 6.9-19.6 ng/ml when administered in a dose of 25-100 mg of zotepine. The maximum concentration peaks and slow declines thereafter. When administered orally in preclinical studies, zotepine was proven to be absorbed rapidly and almost completely from the gastrointestinal tract.The unchanged drug and metabolites are rapidly distributed to the tissues.


Route of Elimination

Only small amounts of the unchanged zotepine are excreted in the urine and fecal excretion through the bile is the main route of elimination of both the unchanged drug and its metabolites.


Volume of Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution of zotepine is 109 L/kg.


Clearance

The apparent oral clearance of zotepine is 4.6 mg/h.kg.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Zotepine is well metabolized in the body, it actually undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism to the metabolite norzotepine and several inactive metabolites. The main enzymes involved in zotepine metabolism are CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Some of the main metabolic pathways include N-demethylation and oxygenation of N or S atoms, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and consecutive conjugation.


Zotepine has known human metabolites that include 2-hydroxy-zotepine, 3-hydroxy-zotepine, Norzotepine, Zotepine -oxide, and Zotepine N-oxide.

S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560


5.6 Biological Half-Life

The half-life of zotepine is reported to be of 21 hours.


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Zotepine is a dopamine antagonist that has a high affinity for D1- and D2-like receptors. It presents a strong antagonism for several serotonin receptors, such as 5-HT2a, 5-HT2c, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7. Zotepine activities are also related to the inhibition of noradrenaline reuptake and serotonergic activity. All these effects allow zotepine to improve the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.


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