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12 Nov 2024

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Sanofi Genzyme is the specialty care global business unit of Sanofi, a leading pharmaceutical company. Sanofi Genzyme is dedicated to developing and delivering innovative treatments for patients with rare diseases, blood disorders, neurology, immunology and oncology, aiming to set new industry standards through groundbreaking innovation and scientific breakthroughs. The company combines scientific expertise, advanced technologies, and patient-centric approaches to drive research, development and manufacturing of breakthrough therapies. Sanofi Genzyme continues to be at the forefront of biotechnology and precision medicine.

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Medical Breakthroughs in 2024: Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, COPD, MASH see pathbreaking treatments

This year has seen pivotal advancements in medical innovation. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several groundbreaking therapies that promise to transform patient care across multiple therapeutic areas.Some of the therapies approved have revolutionary delivery mechanisms, while others are first-in-class treatments for previously unaddressed conditions. This week, PharmaCompass brings you a compilation of new pathbreaking approvals of 2024, including advancements in neurology, chronic conditions, mental health conditions, and innovative solutions for various other ailments.Lilly, Alpha Cognition, BMS transform neurological care with new Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia drugsThe neurological treatment landscape saw several major breakthroughs in 2024, particularly in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Eli Lilly’s Kisunla represents a significant advancement in treating early, symptomatic AD. Following decades of failed efforts, Kisunla’s approval, along with that of Eisai-Biogen’s Leqembi last year, marks a turning point in addressing AD.The drug works by targeting and clearing beta amyloid plaque from the brain, thereby attacking the disease’s underlying pathology, rather than just managing symptoms. Administered as an infusion every four weeks, Kisunla’s Medicare coverage makes it accessible to patients in the US who desperately need new treatment options. Alpha Cognition’s Zunveyl emerged as a promising new oral treatment for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s-related dementia. Only the second oral AD treatment approved by the FDA in over a decade, Zunveyl is a prodrug, or a biologically inactive compound that can be metabolized by the body to produce a drug. It remains inactive as it passes through the stomach and enhances cholinergic function in the brain.Perhaps one of the most exciting breakthroughs of 2024 was Bristol-Myers Squibb’s Cobenfy. This revolutionary antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia represents the first novel approach to treatment since the 1950s. Unlike traditional antipsychotics that target dopamine receptors, Cobenfy works through cholinergic receptors, offering new hope to patients who struggle with the side effects of conventional treatments.Traditional antipsychotics have been associated with several mild and serious side effects such as weight gain, feeling unmotivated and sluggish, high rates of cardiac disease, and even early death. Cobenfy’s innovative mechanism of action has generated excitement in the medical community. Experts project Cobenfy to bring in US$ 7.5 billion in peak annual sales, thereby validating BMS’ recent, US$ 14-billion acquisition of Karuna Therapeutics.Verona, Sanofi’s drugs revolutionize COPD care; Madrigal’s Rezdiffra offers hope to MASH patients The landscape of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment saw remarkable advances in 2024. Verona Pharma’s Ohtuvayre brings the first new mechanism of action in over two decades for COPD treatment. This dual-action, inhaled medication serves as both a bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory agent, offering a comprehensive approach to symptom management.Adding to this progress, Sanofi and Regeneron’s Dupixent achieved a historic milestone by becoming the first biologic approved for treating COPD. Dupixent is Sanofi’s best-selling drug. It is poised to cross over € 21 billion (US$ 23.5 billion) in sales by 2030, with COPD likely to contribute US$ 2.9 billion, predict analysts. Over 390 million people are living with COPD worldwide.In the field of liver disease, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals’ Rezdiffra became the first FDA-approved treatment for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with moderate to advanced liver scarring. This approval represents a breakthrough in a field that has been notorious for being a graveyard for failed programs. Rezdiffra offers hope to patients with this common liver condition, which primarily affects those with obesity or type 2 diabetes. The American Liver Foundation has termed this approval a “game-changing” moment in hepatology.For the rare disease community, Ipsen’s Iqirvo emerged as the first new medicine approved in nearly a decade for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). This first-in-class peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist offers new hope for the approximately 100,000 Americans affected by this condition, particularly women aged 30 to 60 years.A significant breakthrough for patients with hypoparathyroidism came with the approval of Ascendis’ Yorvipath, making it the only treatment for hypoparathyroidism in adults. By directly addressing the underlying hormone deficiency, Yorvipath helps stabilize calcium levels in the blood, reducing the treatment burden associated with managing symptoms through calcium and vitamin D supplements alone.In the realm of pulmonary medicine, Merck’s Winrevair emerged as the first new therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in over a decade. As the first approved activin-signaling inhibitor therapy, Winrevair represents a novel approach to treating this rare but severe condition that doctors call a “ticking time bomb”. The drug is the first treatment that targets the underlying cause of the lung condition, which typically leads to death within a decade of diagnosis.ARS Pharma launches nasal spray alternative to EpiPen, Eicos introduces med for severe frostbiteLeading the charge in innovative drug delivery is ARS Pharma’s Neffy, the first-ever nasal spray alternative to the EpiPen for treating severe allergic reactions. This groundbreaking advancement represents the first major innovation in anaphylaxis treatment in over a decade. For children and individuals with needle phobia, this nasal spray format addresses one of the most significant barriers to timely treatment of allergic emergencies. Speaking of emergency medicine, Eicos Sciences’ Aurlumyn made history as the first FDA-approved treatment for severe frostbite. This approval fills a critical gap in emergency care, offering a medical intervention that could prevent the need for amputation in severe cases.The cardiovascular space saw its first oral anti-hypertensive therapy that works through a new therapeutic pathway in almost 40 years. Idorsia’s Tryvio is a treatment for hypertension that offers new hope to patients whose blood pressure remains inadequately controlled on existing medications. Idorsia expects millions of patients to benefit from it.Our view This year, the pharmaceutical industry has taken a remarkable leap forward by addressing some of healthcare’s most challenging conditions. Treatments like BMS’ Cobenfy for schizophrenia and Madrigal’s Rezdiffra for MASH demonstrate the industry’s growing ability to translate science into practical therapies. With the growing use of artificial intelligence in the drug industry, we hope that these approvals are just a precursor to a bevy of pathbreaking therapies in the years to come.

Impressions: 455

US, Europe turn to advanced manufacturing, stockpiling to strengthen drug supply chains

Over the last few decades, the United States and Europe have saved trillions of dollars by importing drugs from countries like China and India. Their journey wasn’t easy, with regulatory non-compliance and drug patent scams raising their ugly heads every now and then. The Covid-19 pandemic and the accompanying lockdowns were a wake-up call for these countries to take a long, hard look at their sourcing strategies.Over the last few years, both the US and Europe have embarked on policy changes and ambitious programs to strengthen their drug supply chains. PharmaCompass takes you through US and Europe’s journeys towards more robust pharmaceutical supply chains.Biden’s executive order, CARES Act, state-backed investments strengthen US supply chainDuring the early days of the pandemic, the US government (under former President Donald Trump) had enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) to address the economic fallout of the pandemic through a US$ 2.2 trillion stimulus. Through this act, the FDA had taken several drug shortage mitigation efforts. The new administration under President Joe Biden undertook more measures. Notable amongst them was Executive Order 14017 on America’s supply chains. It mandated a comprehensive 100-day review to identify vulnerabilities in key sectors, including pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The review noted that 87 percent of generic API facilities are located overseas, leaving the US healthcare system vulnerable to shortages of essential medicines.Through a Presidential Determination, Biden had also broadened US Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) authorities under the Defense Production Act (DPA) of 1950. HHS can now enable investment in domestic manufacturing of essential medicines and medical countermeasures under the DPA. The HHS has invested US$ 17 billion in domestic manufacturing for the medical supply chain, including US$ 500 million to support API manufacturing.Under this effort, Merck has been awarded a €121 million (US$ 132 million) government contract to set up a lateral flow membrane production facility at Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Similarly, California has launched an initiative (known as CalRx) and is working with CIVICA to make US$ 30 insulin available to all who need it.Europe encourages reshoring; EDQM develops monographs for unlicensed alternativesIn recent years, Europe has faced shortages of insulin, antibiotics, oncology drugs, corticosteroids and even paracetamol. To overcome these shortages, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is encouraging drugmakers to enhance manufacturing capacity and diversify suppliers.There is change visible on the ground. Companies like Midas Pharma, EUROAPI, Seqens are setting up API plants in Europe. Seqens has taken steps to reshore paracetamol production in France and is constructing a new € 100 million (US$ 109 million) production unit in Roussillon. Sanofi is investing €1.3 billion (US$ 1.4 billion) in a new insulin production facility at its existing site in Frankfurt. Similarly, Sandoz has set up a new antibiotic production plant in Austria and a new biosimilar development center in Germany.That said, we know that manufacturing capacities take time to build and are often financially unviable in the developed world. Ergo, a particularly innovative initiative has come from the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM). Their project aims to develop monographs detailing the preparation and testing of unlicensed drugs that can fill the gap left when licensed medicinal products are unavailable. To facilitate this initiative, the European Pharmacopoeia Commission is recruiting experts to verify proposed production methods and analytical procedures.The other means of guarding against supply and demand fluctuations is stockpiling. The EMA has advised the European Commission (EC) and marketing authorization holders (MAH) to stockpile medicines. The regulator has also asked MAHs to establish a shortage prevention plan for critical medicines. Europe’s Health Emergency Response Authority (HERA) is taking a systematic approach to stockpile management.Despite these measures, costs and market structures pose serious challenges. Medicines for Europe, representing the generic and biosimilar medicines industry, has raised concerns about the current market structures. They argue that government purchasing practices, which prioritize obtaining the lowest prices for off-patent medicines, are jeopardizing the European manufacturing footprint and discouraging investments in supply chain resilience.FDA, EMA promote continuous manufacturing; US relies on digital stockpilesDuring the pandemic, there were acute shortages of oncology, cardiovascular, anesthesia, anti-infective, neurological and anti-allergic drugs in the US. A 2022 study undertaken by the Washington University points out that there is excess manufacturing capacity in the US that can be considered for reshoring critical and essential drugs. In fact, 49 percent of generic drug manufacturing capacity in the US is lying idle, and many others are working at less than 50 percent capacity. These capacities can be repurposed. Various advanced manufacturing technologies, such as “continuous flow and on-demand manufacturing capabilities in idled manufacturing sites offer the ability to reduce production cost,” says this report.FDA has been promoting “advanced manufacturing” technologies, such as continuous manufacturing, which are now a part of America’s overall strategy to strengthen and secure the pharmaceutical supply chain. The EMA has also released guidelines on continuous manufacturing of drug substances and drug products. Advanced manufacturing is a collective term for new or innovative medical product manufacturing technologies. Unlike batch manufacturing, which involves sequential processing and testing of material across multiple discrete stages (and often discrete facilities), continuous manufacturing combines the full manufacturing stream into a single, fully integrated flow. While continuous manufacturing may not be suitable for every drug manufacturing process, but where applicable, it tends to eliminate built-in production gaps and shortens the time taken to manufacture a drug from months to days.In the US, the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) plays a critical role in ensuring the availability of essential medical supplies during emergencies. It now also involves a digital stockpile that does not store physical goods and products. Instead, it stores electronic plans, instructions, and methods to make and test medical products. Digital stockpiles rely on one or more trusted suppliers that can make the product from the digital information, either through methods like 3D printing or self-contained distributed manufacturing lines.Our viewThe global pharmaceutical supply chain is a complex web spanning multiple countries and continents. While advanced manufacturing and stockpiling may work to an extent, a large chunk of generic drugs and APIs will continue to come from countries like China and India.In order to reduce reliance on China, the US has been proactively expanding its collaboration with India. But this time, there is increased emphasis on quality control. While FDA is increasing the number of inspections at Indian drug plants, the Indian government, on its part, has revised rules for drug manufacturing, with higher GMP standards.Taken together, a multi-pronged approach to addressing supply chain vulnerabilities should secure drug supplies to the US and Europe in the years to come.

Impressions: 3904

BMS, Bayer, Takeda, Pfizer downsize to combat cost pressures, meet restructuring plans

Over the last two years, there has been a significant surge in layoffs by pharmaceutical and biotech companies. The trend spilled over to 2024. Data compiled by PharmaCompass indicates that between January and early-September, around 150 companies had implemented layoffs. Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) tops the list of companies that downsized, with a staggering 2,284 job cuts. Bayer stood second at 1,816 retrenchments, followed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals at 1,155. Johnson & Johnson’s spin-off Kenvue is slashing over 1,000 jobs this year, while Roche subsidiary Genentech is cutting 529 positions, and Novartis is going ahead with its multi-year restructuring, and cutting another 770 jobs. One of the primary drivers of layoffs has been the need for companies to streamline operations and reduce costs. Many firms have faced financial pressures due to reasons such as declining revenues, increased competition, and the high costs associated with drug development. The current wave of layoffs has encompassed geographies – from traditional pharma strongholds like New Jersey, biotech hubs in Massachusetts and California, to Europe (particularly Germany and Switzerland). This is not to suggest that job cuts are a norm. Certain segments have been experiencing substantial growth and job creation. This includes companies like Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk that have experienced remarkable growth due to the efficacy of their glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, a class of drugs that treats type 2 diabetes and obesity. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Biopharma Layoffs in 2024 as of Sept. 7 (Free Excel Available) BMS cuts 2,284 jobs to meet cost targets, Bayer hands pink slips to 1,816 employees Several large drugmakers have announced job cuts this year in order to meet their cost cutting goals, or as part of their restructuring exercise. BMS’ revenue had declined from US$ 46.2 billion in 2022 to US$ 45 billion in 2023. The financial pressure has compelled it to cut 2,284 jobs so far in this year, a move that sent shockwaves through the industry. Overall, BMS hopes to save approximately US$ 1.5 billion in costs by 2025 through this “strategic productivity initiative”. In Europe, Swiss-based companies like Novartis and Roche have announced substantial job cuts, while Bayer is reducing its workforce globally. Bayer is laying off 1,816 employees worldwide, including 150 in Basel, Switzerland. A majority of these are management roles as the German drugmaker seeks to target € 500 million (US$ 557 million) in cost savings in 2024 and € 2 billion (US$ 2.23 billion) in 2026. Japanese drugmaker Takeda plans to eliminate 1,155 positions, including 324 jobs in San Diego and 641 in Massachusetts. Takeda is also winding down production and R&D operations in Austria, resulting in 190 job losses. Starting next month, Genentech, a Roche subsidiary, will lay off 93 employees in San Francisco. Earlier this year, Genentech trimmed roughly 3 percent of its workforce across several departments, impacting 436 employees. Roche also laid off around 340 employees in its product development team. Novartis has been undergoing a significant restructuring exercise since 2022, when it announced 8,000 job cuts in its global workforce. This year, it announced an additional 770 job cuts in its product development organization, separate from the previous reductions. Once again, it was workforces in Switzerland (440 job cuts) and US (269 job cuts) that bore the brunt. Tylenol and Band-Aid maker Kenvue, which spun off from J&J last year, announced plans to cut 920 jobs, representing about 4 percent of its global workforce. Additionally, the company will lay off 51 employees in New Jersey and 84 in California. These layoffs are part of Kenvue’s efforts to adjust its cost structure and become more competitive. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Biopharma Layoffs in 2024 as of Sept. 7 (Free Excel Available) Perrigo, Emergent Bio, Catalent, BioMarin trim workforces amid strategic shifts Several mid-size companies too are under tremendous cost pressures, with some of them feeling the need to reinvent themselves for the future. In February this year, Perrigo had embarked on ‘Project Energize’, a three-year initiative aimed at boosting organizational agility and achieving long-term success. As part of this project, Perrigo is cutting costs and laying off 6 percent of its staff, which translates into nearly 550 employees. CDMO-turned-biopharma Emergent BioSolutions plans to reduce its workforce by about 300 employees. The Maryland-based multinational is closing its Baltimore-Bayview drug substance manufacturing facility and its Rockville drug product facility in the state. Rare disease biotech BioMarin laid off 395 employees globally, about 12 percent of its workforce, as part of “organizational redesign efforts” to prioritize its new strategy with its hemophilia A gene therapy Roctavian and to preserve cash. Drug-delivery specialist Catalent has also been significantly impacted by restructuring efforts ever since it announced 1,100 layoffs in December. It had then attributed its fall in revenue to declining Covid-related sales, but had also noted that future GLP-1 manufacturing revenues could help stabilize its finances. True enough — it subsequently announced that it is in the process of being acquired by Novo Nordisk’s parent company for US$ 16.5 billion. However, Catalent reported reducing its headcount by an additional 300 in the fourth quarter of 2023. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Biopharma Layoffs in 2024 as of Sept. 7 (Free Excel Available) Pfizer job cuts continue to trickle in; Lykos, Lyra downsize after pipeline setbacks Clinical trial failures and financial constraints have also played a significant role in this year’s wave of layoffs. At Pfizer, job cuts continued to trickle in, with some estimates putting the number at 1,500 employees in 2024. These include 285 at its vaccine R&D site in New York, and 52 in San Francisco. The Comirnaty maker also pulled the plug on a long-anticipated, near-complete Seagen drug manufacturing plant in Everett, Washington. About 120 employees at the site were let go. It has been a tumultuous time for Lykos Therapeutics, following the US Food and Drug Administration’s rejection of its MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Lykos announced laying off 75 percent of its staff (i.e. 75 employees). Its founder, who had spent 38 years working on the therapy, left the company and so did its CEO. However, Lykos has not given up and has roped in a Janssen veteran as senior medical advisor to get the therapy past the finish line. Similarly, Lyra Therapeutics is laying off 75 percent of its workforce (i.e. 87 employees) following disappointing late-stage results for its implant to treat chronic rhino-sinusitis. The retrenchments include its chief technology officer. View Our Interactive Dashboard on Biopharma Layoffs in 2024 as of Sept. 7 (Free Excel Available) Our view Technology, regulatory and pricing pressures are shaping strategies of pharmaceutical companies. The drive to do more with less could accelerate the adoption of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and automation in drug discovery and development processes. The employment landscape is certainly evolving. We foresee significant changes in the skills required for pharmaceutical and biotech careers, with a growing emphasis on data science and computational biology.

Impressions: 2203

Novartis, GSK, Sanofi, BMS shell out over US$ 10 bn in dealmaking, as mid-size deals take centerstage in 2024

The world of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology continued to evolve this year with strategic alliances reshaping industry contours. With mid-size deals taking centerstage, the growth trajectory appears to be marked by a balance of both caution and calculated ambition.The deal-making environment was robust in 2023, with over 2,000 unique pharma and biotech deals totaling more than US$ 410 billion, according to the PharmaCompass database. Last year, there were over 200 mergers and acquisitions (M&As) with transactions exceeding US$ 160 billion in total value. Oncology, infections and infectious diseases, and neurology had emerged as the top three therapeutic areas for deals.PharmaCompass’ analysis indicates that the momentum has been maintained in 2024. As of August 6, the industry had seen over 1,200 unique deals valued at more than US$ 230 billion, including over 120 M&A transactions surpassing US$ 60 billion in aggregate value. While oncology maintains its lead position, neurology and immunology have gained notable traction.The one big difference is that 2024 is yet to witness a mega-deal, comparable to Pfizer’s US$ 43 billion acquisition of Seagen in 2023 or Amgen’s US$ 27.8 billion Horizon buyout announced in 2022. The largest transaction thus far has been Novo Nordisk Foundation’s US$ 16.5 billion acquisition of Catalent, a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO).This compilation does not include deals related to acquisition of facilities, divestment, medical devices, diagnostics and animal health. We have considered deals announced, irrespective of when these transactions were completed. For a comprehensive overview of CDMO deals and developments in 2024, please refer to our dedicated roundup.View Pharma & Biotech Acquisitions, Deals & Agreements in 2024 as of Aug. 6 (Free Excel Available) Vertex buys Alpine Immune for US$ 4.9 bn; Gilead’s CymaBay buyout pays off via FDA nodAmongst the biggest acquisitions of 2024 was Vertex Pharmaceuticals’ buyout of Alpine Immune Sciences for US$ 4.9 billion. It granted Vertex access to protein-based immunotherapies, including the promising povetacicept for IgA nephropathy, a serious kidney disease.Gilead Sciences’ acquisition of CymaBay Therapeutics for US$ 4.3 billion in February secured it access to seladelpar (Livdelzi), an experimental drug that received FDA’s accelerated approval this month for primary biliary cholangitis, a liver disease that affects the bile ducts. Eli Lilly bolstered its presence in the US$ 26.65 billion inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) market by purchasing Morphic Holding for approximately US$ 3.2 billion in July. Through this deal, Lilly gained the oral IBD therapy candidate MORF-057, which will offer a more convenient dosing option compared to injectable drugs currently available in the market. Lilly sees the IBD space as a way to diversify beyond obesity.Merck expanded its ophthalmology portfolio by acquiring Eyebiotech Limited for US$ 1.3 billion (plus US$ 1.7 billion in milestone payments), obtaining Restoret for diabetic macular edema and neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Japanese drugmaker Ono Pharmaceutical acquired Deciphera Pharmaceuticals for US$ 2.4 billion, gaining Qinlock for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and vimseltinib for tenosynovial giant cell tumors. Sanofi targeted rare diseases by purchasing Inhibrx for up to US$ 2.2 billion. The acquisition gave the French drugmaker access to INBRX-101 for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a genetic condition that can cause lung and liver damage.View Pharma & Biotech Acquisitions, Deals & Agreements in 2024 as of Aug. 6 (Free Excel Available) Novartis buys two oncology firms for their assets; J&J, Genmab join ADC bandwagonNovartis has been on a shopping spree, and has made two significant purchases this year. First, it acquired MorphoSys for € 2.7 billion (US$ 2.9 billion), thereby adding the promising bone-marrow cancer treatment pelabresib to its pipeline. Second, it announced the acquisition of Mariana Oncology for US$ 1 billion upfront (plus US$ 750 million in milestone payments), thereby expanding into radioligand therapies (RLTs) to treat cancers with high unmet need. RLTs take a targeted approach, delivering radiation to the tumor, while limiting damage to the surrounding cells.AstraZeneca entered the field of radioconjugates, which is a promising modality in the treatment of cancer, by acquiring Fusion Pharmaceuticals for US$ 2.4 billion.In January this year, Johnson & Johnson had announced the acquisition of antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC) developer Ambrx Biopharma for about US$ 2 billion. With this buyout, J&J has joined the likes of Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie and GSK who had entered this promising field through acquisitions last year.Similarly, Denmark’s Genmab bought ProfoundBio for US$ 1.8 billion in cash, boosting its oncology portfolio with three next-generation ADC candidates. This includes Rina-S, which recently received FDA’s fast track designation for the treatment of ovarian cancer.View Pharma & Biotech Acquisitions, Deals & Agreements in 2024 as of Aug. 6 (Free Excel Available) Novartis signs multiple collaborations; GSK, Takeda, AbbVie sign billion-dollar dealsNovartis was not just busy signing M&A deals, it also signed a bevy of collaboration agreements. For instance, Shanghai-based Argo partnered Novartis on two early-stage RNA interference candidates for cardiovascular diseases, potentially earning the former up to US$ 4.2 billion plus tiered royalties.Novartis also agreed to pay up to US$ 3 billion (including US$ 150 million upfront) to Dren Bio to use the latter’s Targeted Myeloid Engager and Phagocytosis platform to develop bispecific antibodies to treat cancer.Moreover, the Swiss drugmaker expanded its peptide discovery collaboration with Japan-based PeptiDream in a deal worth over US$ 2.71 billion in milestone payments, plus an upfront payment of US$ 180 million. Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are the next generation of targeted therapeutic drugs after ADCs and Novartis is, thus far, the only big pharma with FDA-approved radioligand PDCs. GSK entered a groundbreaking partnership with Flagship Pioneering, potentially worth over US$ 7 billion, to identify and develop 10 novel drugs and vaccines. The deal, starting with respiratory and immunology drugs, involves US$ 720 million in upfront and milestone payments for each candidate. This collaboration leverages Flagship’s extensive portfolio of over 40 biopharma companies with drug development capabilities.There were two significant deals in the field of neuroscience. First, Takeda said it is paying Swiss biotech AC Immune US$ 100 million upfront with potential further payments of US$ 2.1 billion for an exclusive option to license global rights to an Alzheimer’s vaccine and related immunotherapies.Second, AbbVie and clinical stage biotech Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals joined forces in a deal potentially worth over US$ 2 billion to develop a new class of psychedelic compounds for psychiatric conditions, combining AbbVie’s psychiatric expertise with Gilgamesh’s innovative neuroplastogen research platform.View Pharma & Biotech Acquisitions, Deals & Agreements in 2024 as of Aug. 6 (Free Excel Available) Our viewDuring this year, companies like Novartis (with US$ 16.8 billion), GSK (US$ 14.5 billion), Sanofi (US$ 11.9 billion), Bristol Myers Squibb (US$ 11.6 billion), and AbbVie (US$ 9.1 billion) have made substantial investments in acquisitions, collaborations and other forms of dealmaking.Though the deal-making environment is robust, we notice a shift towards mid-size transactions. Alongside, we notice a growing interest in areas such as ADCs, radiopharmaceuticals, and protein-based immunotherapies, underscoring their growing importance in drug development. There has also been significant interest in silencing RNA (siRNA) therapeutics, highlighting the industry's focus on novel approaches to disease treatment. With the industry focusing on cutting-edge technologies that address unmet medical needs, we feel there is little reason to fret over the size of the deals.

Impressions: 2362

FDA approvals slump 19% in H1 2024; NASH, COPD, PAH get new treatment options

The first half of 2024 saw a significant slowdown in approvals of new drugs and biologics by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) compared to the same period last year.FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) approved 21 drugs in H1 2024, reflecting a 19 percent decrease from the 26 approvals granted in H1 2023. Of them, 81 percent (17) were first-in-class drugs (therapies that use a new and unique mechanism of action), while small molecules made up for 67 percent (14) of the total drugs approved.Similarly, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) granted approvals to only eight biologics, as compared to 10 in H1 2023.Health Canada also saw a drop in drug approvals as only 10 drugs were okayed in H1 2024, as opposed to 13 approvals in H1 2023.The European Medicines Agency (EMA) saw a marginal rise in drug authorizations at 15 for H1 2024 as compared to 14 approvals in H1 2023. Interestingly, the EMA also saw a surge in pending decisions (applications under review) — from two in H1 2023 to 14 in H1 2024.View New Drug Approvals in H1 2024 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available)Merck, Madrigal, Verona bag approvals for breakthrough meds; Lilly’s donanemab okayedThe first half saw some closely watched drugs win regulatory approvals. FDA approved a breakthrough therapy from Merck — Winrevair (sotatercept) — that treats adults with hypertension caused by the constriction of arteries in the lungs, known as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Merck had acquired Winrevair through its US$ 11.5 billion acquisition of Acceleron Pharma in 2021. The therapy is set to generate nearly US$ 3 billion in global peak sales by 2028. Another breakthrough therapy approved in H1 2024 is Madrigal’s Rezdiffra (resmetirom), the first FDA-approved treatment for adults with the common fatty liver disease — nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rezdiffra is expected to touch sales of US$ 2.1 billion by 2028.The agency also approved the first maintenance treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in over 20 years — Verona’s Ohtuvayre. The drug has a novel mechanism of action and is the first inhaled maintenance treatment for COPD. Approved in June by the FDA, Ohtuvayre is forecast to bring in global sales of US$ 1.5 billion by 2030.The approval of Eli Lilly’s donanemab was surprisingly delayed, and finally came through on July 2 after an FDA advisory committee voted unanimously in favor of its benefits outweighing its risks. To be sold as Kinsula, the Alzheimer's drug is estimated to bring in US$ 2.2 billion in sales by 2028.Across the pond, EMA approved Novo Nordisk’s weekly insulin injection Awiqli (insulin icodec). The replacement insulin in Awiqli acts in the same way as the body’s own insulin and helps glucose enter cells from the blood. Meanwhile, FDA rejected this once-a-week insulin earlier this month and has requested information related to the manufacturing process.View New Drug Approvals in H1 2024 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) ImmunityBio, Geron, Day One win approvals for their oncology drugsIn what marks the first approval for ImmunityBio, FDA greenlit Anktiva (nogapendekin alfa inbakicept-pmln) as part of a combination therapy to treat a type of bladder cancer. Anktiva is a next-generation immunotherapy that creates long-term immunity by activating the so-called natural killer (NK) cells and T-cells. It will compete with Merck’s Keytruda. Anktiva’s yearly sales by 2030 are expected to be around US$ 1.7 billion.BeiGene’s PD-1 blocker Tevimbra (tislelizumab) got the go-ahead from the FDA as the treatment for adult patients with unresectable or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after prior systemic chemotherapy that did not include a PD-(L)1 inhibitor. Tevimbra’s 2028 global sales are forecast to bring in US$ 1.6 billion.FDA signed off on Geron’s Rytelo (imetelstat) for treating transfusion-dependent anemia in patients with low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of blood cancers. This was Geron’s maiden approval and Rytelo is expected to bring in US$ 1.3 billion by 2030.Day One Biopharmaceuticals’ Ojemda (tovorafenib) was granted FDA’s accelerated approval to treat certain types of pediatric brain cancer. This is the first FDA approval of a systemic therapy for treating what is the most common form of childhood brain tumor, including fusions. Ojemda is forecast to bring in US$ 1 billion in sales by 2030.FDA granted accelerated approval to Amgen’s Imdelltra (tarlatamab-dlle) for adults in advanced stages of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) that has proven to be hard to treat or has worsened despite platinum-based chemotherapy. Imdelltra is expected to bring in annual sales of US$ 975 million by 2030.View New Drug Approvals in H1 2024 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) Infectious disease drugs from Basilea, Merck, rare disease med from Ipsen bag approvalsAfter oncology, infections and infectious diseases, and rare diseases were the two therapeutic areas that saw the second and third most approvals, respectively. FDA approved Basilea Pharmaceutica’s Zevtera (ceftobiprole medocaril sodium for injection), an antibiotic for bacterial infections including multidrug-resistant strains.The US agency also approved Merck’s next-generation vaccine designed to protect adults from pneumococcus bacteria that causes serious illnesses and pneumonia. The jab, known as Capvaxive, helped produce an immune response against all 21 variations (serotypes) of the bacteria that it targeted. These 21 strains account for about 85 percent of invasive pneumococcal disease cases in adults aged 65 and above. FDA also approved Moderna’s mRESVIA, a messenger RNA-based (mRNA) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, to protect adults aged 60 years and older from lower respiratory tract disease caused by the syncytial virus. This is the first non-Covid mRNA vaccine to be approved in the US.The agency granted accelerated approval to Ipsen’s Iqirvo (elafibranor) to treat primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), a rare liver disease. This is the first new medicine approved in nearly a decade for the treatment of PBC. Orchard Therapeutics’ Lenmeldy secured FDA approval to become the first gene therapy in the US for a rare pediatric disorder, known as metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). The debilitating hereditary disease affects the brain and the nervous system and causes loss of cognitive and motor functions and early death.View New Drug Approvals in H1 2024 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) Our viewThe increased momentum of drug approvals witnessed after the pandemic appears to have slowed down, but what’s encouraging is the increase in first-in-class therapies, cancer drugs and promising new treatment options for a range of conditions such as PAH, NASH, and COPD.The second half has already kicked off with the approval of Lilly’s donanemab. And there are several pathbreaking drugs likely to be approved soon, such as Karuna Therapeutics’ schizophrenia drug KarXT and BridgeBio’s heart drug acoramidis. There is every possibility that new drug approvals will spring back up in H2 2024.

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FDA’s June 2024 list of off-patent, off-exclusivity drugs sees rise in cancer, HIV treatments

This week PharmaCompass brings to you key highlights of the US Food and Drug Administration’s recently released June 2024 list of Off-Patent, Off-Exclusivity Drugs without an Approved Generic (OPOE list). The list is a crucial resource for promoting competition and affordability in the pharmaceutical industry. Updated biannually in December and June, the OPOE list serves as a transparent guide for drug manufacturers. Since December 2021, the FDA has enhanced its transparency efforts by providing separate lists for prescription (Rx) and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs approved under a New Drug Application (NDA). This initiative is a significant cog in the FDA’s broader strategy to encourage the development and submission of Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs). ANDAs are a streamlined pathway for generic drug development, offering a more cost-effective alternative to brand-name drugs. By highlighting drugs that lack generic competition on the OPOE list, FDA aims to incentivize manufacturers to develop generics, ultimately leading to greater affordability and access for patients. Access the Interactive Dashboard on FDA's June 2024 List of Off-Patent Drugs (Free Excel) ALS drugs, cancer, asthma, HIV treatments among new drugs added to OPOE list The December 2023 OPOE list had 23 new applications of branded drugs eligible for but without generic competition. The June list further added 21 new applications of drugs that had never appeared before. These include bendamustine hydrochloride (to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia), fluticasone propionate (to treat asthma), maraviroc (to treat HIV-1 infection in patients two years of age and older weighing at least 10 kilograms), carbamazepine (to treat epilepsy and bipolar I disorder), and posaconazole (an antifungal agent indicated for Aspergillus and Candida infections). There are two other drugs on the list – edaravone and riluzole – to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig’s disease (a neurological disorder). Much like the June 2023 OPOE list, nearly one-third of the prescription drugs listed are injectables – 170 out of 499. There are 74 prescription entries for oral solid dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules and modified release forms). The June 2024 OPOE list has 57 OTC drugs, a tad shy of the 60 drugs in last year’s list. Among them are antihistamine drugs (used to treat allergies), cetirizine hydrochloride, nizatidine, famotidine, loratadine and anti-obesity medication orlistat. The list also had a newly listed drug, which is a combination of chlorpheniramine maleate, ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride for treating allergic sinusitis. Out of the 57 OTC drug products on the list, 18 are delivered as oral solid dosage forms. Access the Interactive Dashboard on FDA's June 2024 List of Off-Patent Drugs (Free Excel) Novartis blockbusters lose exclusivity, Lupin wins FDA nod for copycat of Neurocrine’s bestseller This year, several large-selling drugs from drugmakers like Eisai, AbbVie, Gilead, Sanofi, Fresenius Kabi and others are due to face their first generic or biosimilar challengers in the US market. “First generics” are given for a first-to-file ANDA, for which there is no previously-approved ANDA by the FDA for the drug product. The agency considers first generics to be important to public health and prioritizes review of these submissions. First generics are eligible for a 180-day exclusivity period. Three of Novartis’ drugs have lost exclusivity so far, this year. These include Promacta/Revolade (eltrombopag) used to treat thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). Promacta was approved in 2015 and saw sales of US$ 2.27 billion last year. Annora Pharma scored an FDA approval for eltrombopag’s first generic in April. Tasigna (nilotinib), the Swiss drugmaker’s oral treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (a kind of leukemia where patients have an abnormal chromosome in their blood cells called the Philadelphia chromosome), got its first generic in January, which was introduced by Apotex. Tasigna brought in sales of US$ 1.85 billion in 2023 and its sales are projected to plummet to US$ 79 million by 2029. Novartis’ Rydapt (midostaurin) for treating adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) also lost exclusivity in April. Neurocrine Biosciences’ top-selling drug Ingrezza (valbenazine) was the first FDA-approved drug to treat tardive dyskinesia, a disorder that involves involuntary movements. It raked in US$ 1.84 billion in 2023, registering a year-on-year growth of 29 percent. In April, Lupin won FDA’s approval for the first generic of valbenazine capsules. Access the Interactive Dashboard on FDA's June 2024 List of Off-Patent Drugs (Free Excel) Our view The Biden administration has been pushing hard to lower the price of prescription drugs. It is one of President Joe Biden’s central campaign promises this year. However, lowering drug prices is a bipartisan issue in the US. So whether a republican or a democrat takes over the US administration, making medicines affordable should remain a priority. In 2023, generic drugs accounted for US$ 424 billion of the US$ 1.6 trillion global pharmaceutical market. A determined FDA that is proactively looking to approve generic drugs will no doubt help this segment grow even further.

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FDA approves record eight biosimilars in H1 2024; okays first interchangeable biosimilars for Eylea

Biologics, or complex drugs that are derived from living organisms, have revolutionized treatment of various conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic illnesses. In 2023, eight out of 10 of the world’s top-selling drugs were biologics, including Merck’s Keytruda, AbbVie’s Humira, and Sanofi’s Dupixent.Due to their high costs, accessibility of biologics has been a challenge. That’s why biosimilars, or game-changing copycats of biologics that provide highly similar yet more affordable alternatives to established biologics, are becoming popular.The first biosimilar — Sandoz’ Zarxio — was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015. Its reference biologic was Amgen’s Neupogen (filgrastim). Since then, the global market for biosimilars has been growing at an impressive pace — between 2015 and 2020, it grew at a whopping compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 78 percent, touching US$ 17.9 billion in size. It is expected to continue growing at a CAGR of 15 percent and reach a size of about US$ 75 billion by 2030.Major biosimilar players include Amgen, Sandoz, Samsung Bioepis, Pfizer, Biocon Biologics, Celltrion, Stada Arzneimittel, Accord Healthcare, Fresenius Kabi, Coherus Biosciences, Apotex, and Sanofi. The increasing demand for biosimilars has propelled growth in contract manufacturing. Some of the leading contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs) and contract development and manufacturing organizations (CDMOs) that manufacture biosimilars are Polpharma Biologics, Catalent, Pfizer CentreOne, Lonza, Boehringer Ingelheim BioXcellence, Thermo Fisher Scientific, WuXi Biologics, and FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies.Access the Interactive Dashboard for Biosimilar Developments (Free Excel)Amgen, Sandoz top list of ‘approved biosimilars’; FDA okays 8 copycats in H1 2024Over the recent years, regulatory agencies like the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have established rigorous approval pathways for biosimilars.Since 2015, FDA has approved 53 biosimilars, while the EMA has approved 86 biosimilars. Among the US, European and Canadian markets, Amgen and Sandoz are tied in the first place with 13 approved biosimilars each. Samsung Biologics has nine approved biosimilars, followed by Pfizer with eight and Biocon Biologics with seven. In the first half of this year, FDA set a record by approving eight biosimilars — the highest for H1 of any year. EMA has okayed six biosimilars so far in 2024.In 2023, five biosimilars were approved by the FDA with just one being okayed in the first half. The year marked the end of exclusivity for Humira after 20 years, in which it netted a total of US$ 200 billion in sales. AbbVie’s flagship autoimmune drug has a record 10 biosimilars.Johnson & Johnson’s Stelara also lost exclusivity in 2023 and as many as 11 drugmakers hope to bring its biosimilars to the market. Amgen’s Wezlana was the first biosimilar to Stelara, and it was approved as interchangeable by FDA in October last year.Access the Interactive Dashboard for Biosimilar Developments (Free Excel) FDA approves first interchangeable biosimilar for Eylea, cuts regulatory feeDeveloping a biosimilar costs both money and time. According to Pfizer, developing a biosimilar can take five to nine years and cost over US$ 100 million, not including regulatory fees.In October 2023, FDA slashed its fees with the program fee at US$ 177,397, down from US$ 304,162. The application fees for products that require clinical data has been set at US$ 1,018,753, down from US$ 1,746,745. The application fee for products that don’t require clinical data has been set lower — at US$ 509,377 — down from US$ 873,373 set earlier. This reduction in application fee has propelled demand for contract manufacturing of biosimilars.There has also been a rise in approvals of interchangeable biosimilars this year. Interchangeable biosimilars meet additional requirements and may be substituted for its reference product by a pharmacist without consulting the prescriber. This year saw FDA approve the first interchangeable biosimilars for bone cancer drug denosumab (Prolia and Xgeva) in Jubbonti and Wyost as well as for eculizumab (Soliris) in Bkemv.In May, FDA approved the first interchangeable biosimilars for eye drug aflibercept (Eylea) in Opuviz and Yesafili. Other biosimilars approved in 2024 include Simlandi for adalimumab (Humira), Tyenne for tocilizumab (Actemra), Selarsdi for ustekinumab (Stelara), and Hercessi for trastuzumab (Herceptin).Access the Interactive Dashboard for Biosimilar Developments (Free Excel) Merck’s Keytruda, BMS’ Opdivo, Novartis’ Cosentyx brace for biosimilar competitionHealthcare spending in the US is projected to rise from US$ 4.5 trillion in 2022 to US$ 6 trillion by 2027. While biologics involve just two percent of prescriptions, they account for 46 percent of all pharmaceutical spending. In 2022, US$ 252 billion was spent on biologics.Biosimilar-related savings in 2023 were estimated to be US$ 9.4 billion in the US and € 10 billion (US$ 10.68 billion) in Europe. With expensive and widely used drugs like AbbVie’s Humira, J&J’s Stelara, and Regeneron’s Eylea coming under competition, US savings are projected to reach US$ 181 billion through 2027. Between 2026 and 2032, about 39 blockbusters are set to lose exclusivity in the US and Europe. Merck’s Keytruda (pembrolizumab) was the world’s top-selling drug last year, generating US$ 25 billion in sales. Its patent is set to expire in 2028 with sales expected to drop 19 percent to US$ 27.4 billion in 2029 from US$ 33.7 billion the previous year. Samsung Bioepis and Amgen initiated phase 3 trials of pembrolizumab in April and May of this year, respectively.Opdivo (nivolumab), belonging to the same class of drugs, competes with Keytruda and is also set to lose patent protection in 2028. It hauled in US$ 10 billion in total global sales in 2023 for Bristol Myers Squibb. The key patents of Novartis’ Cosentyx (secukinumab) are set to expire between 2025 and 2026. Cosentyx saw sales of US$ 5 billion in 2023. Taizhou Mabtech Pharmaceutical and Bio-Thera Solutions are conducting phase 3 trials of secukinumab.Access the Interactive Dashboard for Biosimilar Developments (Free Excel) Our viewWith over 2 billion people worldwide unable to access life-saving medicines, biosimilars hold the key to healthcare accessibility. In 2023, a record 13 biosimilars were launched in the market — the highest for a single year. And this included nine much-anticipated biosimilars to AbbVie’s Humira. In April this year, FDA announced a Biosimilars Action Plan to streamline the development of biosimilars. With a sharp focus on biosimilars, we expect more records to be broken in the near term. New launches of biosimilars to drugs like J&J’s Stelara, Regeneron’s Eylea and Merck’s Keytruda will surely help in creating new records.

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Big Pharma bets big on AI’s US$ 148 bn potential to revolutionize healthcare industry

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the world and bringing efficiencies across all industries. Pharmaceuticals is one of them. AI can accelerate drug discovery, streamline clinical trials, and personalize medicine. It holds the potential to revolutionize the pharma industry.It takes anywhere between 10 to 15 years and around US$ 3 billion to take a new drug from its discovery phase to the market. AI can drastically cut both the timespan and costs and bring life-saving yet affordable treatments to the market at a faster pace. The global AI market in healthcare was estimated to be about US$ 21 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow to over US$ 148 billion by 2029, compounding at an annual growth rate of 48.1 percent.Drugmakers are eager to ride the AI wave. Players like Bayer, Merck KGaA, Moderna, BMS, Roche, Astellas, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk and Johnson & Johnson have announced collaborations, signed deals and entered into partnerships in the AI space. Many others, such as Exscientia, Insilico, Berg, Nimbus, Recursion, and Pharos iBio, are a step ahead and are holding clinical trials on drugs developed using AI.On its part, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recognized the increased use of AI and machine learning (ML) and has reiterated its commitment to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs “while facilitating innovations in their development.” To this end, the US agency published a paper in March that lists out its approach towards the use of AI.Novo, Lilly turn to AI for drug discovery; AI-based firms sign multiple dealsWith increased adoption of wearable devices, e-health services and other technology-driven offerings in medicine and healthcare, there is valuable data out there that drugmakers can analyze to get more accurate predictions of a drug’s effects on the human body. Such an analysis speeds up drug development and reduces side effects of therapies. Ergo, several large drugmakers have signed crucial AI deals. For example, Novo Nordisk has inked a potential US$ 2.7 billion deal with Valo Health to discover and develop novel treatments for cardio-metabolic diseases. The collaboration between the two organizations will leverage the capabilities of Valo’s Opal Computational Platform, including access to real-world patient data, AI-enabled small molecule discovery and Biowire human tissue modeling platform designed to speed up the discovery and development process.Similarly, Eli Lilly has entered into a US$ 494 million deal with Fauna Bio to use the latter’s AI platform — Convergence — for preclinical drug discovery efforts in obesity. Convergence analyzes genomic data from 452 mammal species and various tissue types to create a comprehensive dataset. By integrating human data and information from animals with natural disease resistance, the platform can identify potential drug targets.AI-based pharma firms like Isomorphic Labs and Biolojic are also landing multiple deals. Isomorphic is owned by Google’s parent Alphabet. Along with Google DeepMind, it has created a new AI model that can accurately predict 76 percent of protein interactions with small molecules. In January, Isomorphic inked deals with Novartis and Lilly for a combined value of nearly US$ 3 billion.Biolojic Design uses computational biology and AI to transform antibodies into programmable, intelligent medicines. Earlier this month, it announced a multi-target drug discovery collaboration with Merck KGaA, which includes antibody-drug conjugates. Biolojic has also inked deals with Teva and Nektar recently.Amgen harnesses generative biology for protein-based drugs; Sanofi ties up with OpenAIFinding a good protein drug candidate is like finding a needle in a haystack. Drug developers typically start by looking at proteins in nature and then go through the painstaking process of shaping them into safe and effective drugs.Generative biology is a revolutionary approach to drug discovery and development that leverages ML and AI to design novel protein therapeutics. Amgen is using generative biology to innovate new protein-based drugs that have desired structures and properties based on existing protein data inputs. In fact, the California-based multinational has said it is “integrating AI across all operational levels.” It has collaborated with PostEra to advance up to five small molecule programs.Amgen is building AI models trained to analyze one of the world’s largest human datasets on an NVIDIA full-stack data center platform, known as DGX SuperPOD, that will be installed at Amgen’s deCODE genetics’ headquarters in Reykjavik, Iceland. This system will be used to build a human diversity atlas for drug target and disease-specific biomarker discovery, providing vital diagnostics for monitoring disease progression and regression.AI can analyze individual data like genetic makeup, lifestyle and medical history to come up with personalized therapies. Amgen is working on AI-driven precision medicines, and potentially individualized therapies, at its Iceland facility.Sanofi too has signed multiple deals in recent months. In May, the French drugmaker signed a collaboration with ChatGPT maker OpenAI and Formation Bio to build AI-powered software to accelerate drug development. Sanofi is also collaborating with BioMap in a deal that could be worth up to US$ 1 billion. The deal is expected to enable superior prediction from limited data in a range of therapeutic areas, including immunology, neurology, oncology, and rare diseases.AI tools can create control arms, digital twins and slash failure rate in clinical trialsTraditional ways of drug development are fraught with challenges, and 90 percent of drug candidates in clinical trials tend to fail. Major reasons behind this are poor patient cohort selection and recruiting mechanisms, and the inability to monitor patients effectively during trials. AI tools like Trial Pathfinder study real data obtained from patients’ electronic health records and simulate clinical trials for the drug with different eligibility criteria. Trial Pathfinder also calculates trial hazard ratios, a scientific term that compares the survival rates of those given and not given the drug.AI and synthetic data can also be used to create control arms in clinical trials, which can help speed up the process, reduce costs, and improve the quality of data. For example, FDA has supported the use of a Medidata Synthetic Control Arm in a phase 3 trial of Medicenna’s MDNA55 in recurrent glioblastoma.In addition to observing real-time patient data, researchers can also create digital twins, virtual replicas of cells, organs, or people, which they can use to simulate and predict various clinical outcomes during a trial.Our viewThe pharmaceutical industry is on the cusp of a revolution. In the coming years, we hope to see some tangible results of the efforts being put in by drugmakers, AI developers and regulatory agencies. The CPhI Annual Report 2023 has predicted that in 2030, over half of FDA-approved drugs will involve AI in their development and/or manufacturing. The winner, in our view, will be the end-user who will have cheaper, safer and more effective treatments, delivered at a faster pace.

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Top Pharma Companies & Drugs in 2023: Merck’s Keytruda emerges as top-selling drug; Novo, Lilly sales skyrocket

The pharma industry clearly recalibrated itself in 2023, turning its focus away from Covid and onto two of the biggest threats to human health – obesity and cancer. The top lines of the major pharma companies reflect this shift in focus.We always knew that Pfizer’s record US$ 100 billion revenue for 2022 wasn’t sustainable. Even though Pfizer’s 2023 sales were lower by nearly 42 percent against its 2022 sales, the New York-headquartered drugmaker managed to retain its pole position. The two main reasons behind its ‘top of the charts’ sales of US$ 58.5 billion were Pfizer’s record nine new molecular entity approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the launch of its vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Johnson & Johnson came second with sales of US$ 54.8 billion (excluding its consumer business and MedTech units). AbbVie took bronze despite Humira being subject to biosimilar competition and Merck maintained its fourth position. Roche nabbed the fifth position from Novartis (which stood sixth). Bristol Myers Squibb maintained its position at seven, as did AstraZeneca (eighth) and Sanofi (ninth). And Eli Lilly bumped into the tenth spot, knocking out GSK.View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top Drugs in 2023 by Sales (Free Excel Available)Keytruda, Eliquis, Humira top charts; Novo’s Ozempic debuts top 10 list at number fourMerck’s Keytruda became the number one selling drug in the world, a position that was held by AbbVie’s Humira for long, and Pfizer’s Comirnaty in the Covid years. This oncology drug raked in a whopping US$ 25 billion, with sales increasing 19 percent last year. In fact, Keytruda accounted for 46.7 percent of Merck’s pharmaceutical sales, which grew 3 percent in 2023 to US$ 53.6 billion.At number two was Pfizer and BMS’ anticoagulant Eliquis — it posted global sales of US$ 18.95 billion (marking a growth of 4 percent on 2022 sales). With competition from generics, Humira’s sales fell by 32 percent to US$ 14.5 billion. As a result, this blockbuster anti-rheumatic drug fell to the third rank.The fourth spot was taken up by Novo Nordisk’s Ozempic, the wonder drug that treats type 2 diabetes. Gilead’s Biktarvy, a med that treats HIV-1, saw sales jump 14 percent — from US$ 10.39 billion posted in 2022 to US$ 11.85 billion last year. This way, Biktarvy emerged as the fifth largest selling drug of 2023.At number six was Sanofi and Regeneron’s Dupixent. This allergic diseases med posted 11-figure sales in 2023, netting € 10.72 billion (US$ 11.59 billion) globally, a growth of 34 percent over 2022 numbers.At number seven was J&J’s biggest blockbuster immunology drug Stelara that raked in US$ 11.3 billion in 2023. Coming a close eighth was Pfizer-BioNTech’s Covid-19 vaccine Comirnaty — its sales fell by over 70 percent to US$ 11.22 billion in 2023. At the ninth spot was Lilly and Boehringer’s diabetes drug Jardiance that saw a 27.7 percent increase in total global sales at US$ 10.6 billion. And rounding off the list at number 10 is BMS’s Opdivo, a Keytruda rival. Opdivo hauled in US$ 10 billion in total global sales in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 8 percent.View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top Drugs in 2023 by Sales (Free Excel Available)Driven by diabetes, obesity care meds, Novo, Lilly post double-digit sales growthDemand for diabetes and new weight-loss drugs catapulted Novo Nordisk to emerge as the most valuable public company in Europe. Its net sales zoomed 31 percent to DKK 232.3 billion (US$ 33.75 billion) compared to DKK 177 billion (US$ 25.8 billion) in 2022. Net profit jumped 51 percent to DKK 83.68 billion (US$ 12.51 billion) in 2023 from DKK 55.5 billion (US$ 8.32 billion) in 2022 — the highest annual profit for the Danish drugmaker in over three decades.The growth was driven by Ozempic, whose sales spiked 60 percent in 2023 to DKK 95.7 billion (US$ 13.91 billion), from DKK 59.8 billion (US$ 8.71 billion) the year before.Rival Eli Lilly’s revenue grew 20 percent in 2023 to US$ 34.1 billion from US$ 28.5 billion in 2022. Mounjaro turned out to be a star for the Indianapolis drugmaker with its sales rocketing 970 percent in 2023 to US$ 5.16 billion. FDA also approved it to treat obesity under the brand name Zepbound in November, which brought in additional revenues of US$ 176 million.View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top Drugs in 2023 by Sales (Free Excel Available) GSK’s RSV jab makes strong debut; AbbVie’s immunology drugs post steep growthGSK’s Arexvy was the first RSV vaccine approved by the FDA. It made a strong debut — Arexvy contributed £ 1.2 billion (US$ 1.5 billion) to GSK’s sales in just four months.AbbVie posted another solid financial year. Though the drop in Humira revenue was offset by two newer immunology blockbuster drugs, Skyrizi and Rinvoq, the Illinois-headquartered drugmaker did posted a marginal decrease in revenue of 6.4 percent to US$ 54.3 billion. However, revenue from Skyrizi soared 50 percent to US$ 7.8 billion, while Rinvoq’s sales increased 57 percent to US$ 4 billion. AbbVie expects a combined US$ 16 billion from Skyrizi (US$ 10.5 billion) and Rinvoq (US$ 5.5 billion) sales in 2024. BMS attributed its 2 percent decrease in revenue (of US$ 45 billion) to lower sales of Revlimid in the US due to competition from generics. Sales of the multiple myeloma treatment dropped 39 percent to US$ 6.1 billion. Ophthalmology drug Eylea saw a drop in sales of 4 percent, at US$ 9.21 billion (from US$ 9.65 billion), as competition from Roche’s Vabysmo triggered a price cut by Regeneron. Vabysmo saw sales balloon 324 percent from CHF 591 million (US$ 685.56 million) to CHF 2.4 billion (US$ 2.78 billion) in 2023.View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top Drugs in 2023 by Sales (Free Excel Available) Our viewAccording to data analytics company GlobalData, GLP-1 agonist drugs (such as Ozempic and Mounjaro that treat type 2 diabetes) are slated to overtake PD-1 antagonists (such as oncology drugs Keytruda and Opdivo) as the top-selling drugs on the market in 2024. It estimates a robust compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19.2 percent from 2023 to 2029 for GLP-1 drugs that seem to have more benefits besides bringing down blood sugar levels (such as weight management, benefits to the heart etc).The market size for GLP-1 is likely to increase to US$ 105 billion by 2029. In contrast, the data firm projects a CAGR of 4.7 percent in the PD-1 antagonist market, with its market size projected to be around US$ 51 billion in 2029. Given these projections, we are likely to see more movers and shakers in our top 10 drug list this year.

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FDA approvals rise 49% in 2023; CRISPR’s gene editing therapy sees light of day

In 2022, when the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was reeling under the impact of the pandemic, new drug approvals by the agency dropped by 26 percent. But last year, FDA’s new drug approvals rebounded by an impressive 49 percent, with the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) approving 55 new drugs in 2023. Of them, 36 percent were considered first-in-class, while small molecules made up for 62 percent of the total drugs approved (i.e. 34). FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) okayed 19 biologics in 2023 compared to eight in the previous year.The first half of 2023 saw the debut of vaccines for the all-too-common respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Among the other notable approvals in H1 was Biogen and Eisai’s Alzheimer’s drug Leqembi (lecanemab). Out of the total 55 drug approvals, 29 came in H2 2023. This includes Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics’ Casgevy that relies on the Nobel Prize-winning CRISPR gene-editing technology. Casgevy has been approved as a treatment for sickle-cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia.While FDA witnessed a sharp rise in approvals in 2023, many other drug regulators didn’t. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) granted marketing authorization to 32 novel drugs in 2023, a fall from 33 in 2022. Similarly, Health Canada’s approvals in 2023 decreased to 38, compared to 45 in the previous year.As usual, oncology topped the list of drug approvals by therapeutic area, at 39 (as opposed to 35 in 2022). Rare diseases was the second most popular therapeutic area for drug approvals. With drugmakers clearly paying heed to the unmet needs of patients suffering from rare diseases, this therapeutic area sprinted from a 9 percent share and the fourth position among new approvals in 2022 to an impressive 34 percent share in 2023. A quarter of the new drug approvals were in infectious diseases, followed by immunology (19 percent) and neurology (7 percent).View New Drug Approvals in 2023 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) Casgevy, postpartum depression drug Zurzuvae emerge as potential blockbustersGene therapy Casgevy, postpartum depression (PPD) med Zurzuvae, blood cancer med Elrexfio and ulcerative colitis drug Velsipity were some of the prominent approvals of 2023.Britain’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency was the first to okay Casgevy in November as a cure for SCD and β-thalassemia. Soon, the FDA approved it for SCD. In January this year, the American agency also approved it for transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT). Analysts estimate Casgevy to generate US$ 2.6 billion in peak sales, says Nature. Biogen and Sage’s PPD therapy Zurzuvae became the first and only FDA-approved pill for the condition that can be life-threatening for both the mother and the child. Global sales of Zurzuvae are forecast to hit US$ 1.28 billion by 2028.In August, Pfizer’s Elrexfio (elranatamab) became the first “off-the-shelf” (ready-to-use) therapy in the US for multiple myeloma. The drug provides an option for patients with hard to treat or relapsed blood cancer and is estimated to bring in US$ 861 million in peak sales by 2028, says Nature.Pfizer also bagged another significant approval in October — its drug Velsipity (etrasimod) was greenlit by the FDA to treat adults with ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease. Peak revenue for Velsipity is expected to come in at US$ 825 million, as per Evaluate.View New Drug Approvals in 2023 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) Astra’s Truqap, GSK’s Ojjaara among top cancer therapies given FDA nod in H2In November, FDA approved AstraZeneca’s Truqap (capivasertib) in combination with the Anglo-Swedish drugmaker’s Faslodex (fulvestrant) for treating adult patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer with one or more biomarker alterations. Evaluate Pharma forecasts peak Truqap sales to come in at about US$ 690 million.In September, FDA approved GSK’s Ojjaara (momelotinib) as the first and only treatment for myelofibrosis with anemia. Nearly all myelofibrosis patients are estimated to develop anemia over the course of the disease. Ojjaara is taken orally once a day.Other notable oncology treatments okayed by FDA in H2 2023 include Daiichi’s Vanflyta (quizartinib) in July to treat an aggressive blood cancer known as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In August, FDA approved Janssen’s bispecific antibody Talvey (talquetamab-tgvs) for difficult-to-treat blood cancer. The agency approved two cancer therapies in November — BMS’ Augtyro (repotrectinib) for ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Takeda’s targeted oral therapy Fruzaqla (fruquintinib) for adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).View New Drug Approvals in 2023 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) Rare disease drugs Santhera-Catalyst’s Agamree, Novo’s Rivfloza bag approval in H2In October, FDA approved Santhera Pharmaceuticals and Catalyst Pharma’s Agamree (vamorolone), an oral suspension treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in patients two years of age and older. This makes it the first drug fully approved in both the US and Europe for the muscle degeneration disorder. Agamree acts in a manner similar to other steroids, which are the standard of care for the inherited rare disease. However, it causes fewer side effects.FDA also okayed Novo Nordisk’s once-a-month injection Rivfloza (nedosiran) in October to treat a rare genetic condition — primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) — that causes recurring kidney stones.In November, the agency approved Takeda’s Adzynma (ADAMTS13, recombinant-krhn) as the first treatment for both adult and pediatric patients with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP), a rare genetic blood disorder. Other noteworthy FDA approvals in H2 2023 for rare blood diseases include Novartis’ Fabhalta and bluebird bio's Lyfgenia. Fabhalta is the first oral monotherapy for the treatment of adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a rare disease that causes symptoms such as hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria (excretion of hemoglobin in the urine), fatigue, shortness of breath etc. Lyfgenia is the first cell-based gene therapy for the treatment of SCD in patients 12 years and older. Similarly, another rare disease drug — Regeneron’s Veopoz — bagged FDA approval in August last. Veopoz treats CHAPLE disease, an ultra-rare disease in which patients have severe gastrointestinal problems.View New Drug Approvals in 2023 with Estimated Sales (Free Excel Available) Our viewAfter a lull in 2022, new drug approvals have finally gathered momentum. The good news is that this year, several pathbreaking drugs are coming up for approval, such as Madrigal Pharmaceuticals’ resmetirom (the first treatment for NASH with liver fibrosis), Merck’s sotatercept (a treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension), Lilly’s donanemab for Alzheimer’s disease and Karuna Therapeutics’ drug to treat schizophrenia. Let’s hope 2024 turns out to be an even bigger year for new drug approvals.

Impressions: 3208

Pfizer’s buyout of Seagen, drugmakers suing US govt, obesity drugs make it to top 10 Phispers of 2023

Every week, PharmaCompass compiles important developments in the world of pharmaceuticals and brings a compilation to you in the form of Phispers. Of the hundreds of stories we carried in 2023, here are the top 10 stories, including some trends and updates.I. Pfizer buys Seagen for US$ 43 billion to bolster its oncology portfolioIn March, Pfizer said it is acquiring cancer treatment specialist Seagen for US$ 43 billion. Seagen is a pioneer in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), or drugs that work like “guided missiles” to destroy cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Another important deal in the field of ADCs took place in December when AbbVie picked up ImmunoGen for US$ 10.1 billion, giving it access to Elahere (mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx), an ADC approved for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Elahere is expected to achieve blockbuster status by 2030. II. Merck, BMS, trade bodies, sue US government over IRA negotiationsIn June, Merck filed a lawsuit against the US government seeking to block Medicare from negotiating lower prescription drug prices under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Days later, the US Chamber of Commerce, one of the most influential trade groups in the US, filed a separate lawsuit, arguing that the negotiations violated drugmakers’ constitutional rights and granted excessive control over prices to the government. They were joined by Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) and lobby group PhRMA. Drugmakers and the Biden administration appeared to be at each other’s throats. In December, the White House identified 48 drugs whose prices spiked faster than inflation in Q4. These drugs may be subject to rebates starting January 2024. Biden Administration also announced it is setting a new “march-in” policy that allows the government to seize medicine patents held by drugmakers for therapies whose development was taxpayer-funded, if it believes they are not “reasonably available and affordable.”III. US, UK approve Lilly’s Mounjaro for weight management; to be sold as ZepboundIn November, drug regulators in the US and the United Kingdom approved Eli Lilly's Mounjaro (tirzepatide) for weight management, to be sold under the brand name Zepbound. The drug will pose strong competition to Novo Nordisk’s Wegovy in a market that's expected to reach US$ 100 billion by the end of the decade.IV. Novo, Lilly plan capacity expansions for weight loss drugsBoth Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly announced expanding their manufacturing capacities in order to capitalize on the burgeoning market for weight loss drugs. Novo is investing over DKK 42 billion (US$ 6 billion) in Kalundborg (Denmark), US$ 2.3 billion to expand its site in Chartres (France) and over € 2 billion (US$ 2.18 billion) in Dublin (Ireland) to boost production of its blockbuster diabetes and weight-loss drugs, including Ozempic and Wegovy (both semaglutide). Similarly, Eli Lilly had announced a US$ 2.5 billion manufacturing facility in Germany in November to address the demand for its new obesity and diabetes therapies.V. FDA finds violations at Global Pharma’s eye drops plant in India; issues Form 483In April, FDA found several violations in manufacturing processes and sterilization methods used by India-based Global Pharma for its EzriCare Artificial Tears Eye Drop, which has been linked to 68 cases of eye infection in the US, including eight cases of vision loss and three deaths.VI. ‘Intas India staff tore documents, threw acid to destroy evidence’, notes FDAIn January, FDA issued a Form 483 with 11 observations to Intas Pharma’s drug manufacturing facility in Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India). A team of three FDA drug regulators conducted an inspection of the manufacturing facility from November 22 to December 2, 2022. The 36-page report issued by the FDA has alleged that employees at the facility had destroyed documents related to manufacturing practices by tearing them into pieces and disposing them inside the quality control lab and scrap areas. Acid was used to destroy evidence, notes FDA.VII. GSK overtakes Pfizer in bagging first FDA approval for RSV vaccineIn May, FDA approved GSK’s respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for people aged 60 and above. Arexvy is the first RSV vaccine to be approved in the US for the common condition that can be fatal for the elderly. Later that month, Pfizer’s RSV vaccine Abrysvo also got approved. In July, Sanofi-AstraZeneca’s RSV antibody therapy, Beyfortus (nirsevimab-alip), received approval from the FDA. It is a long-acting treatment that can be given once per season. The approval is specifically developed for newborns and infants.VIII. UK authorizes gene therapy Casgevy for blood disorders, US follows suit In November, Britain’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency was first off the block in authorizing CRISPR Therapeutics and Vertex Pharmaceuticals’ Casgevy, a therapy that seeks to cure two blood disorders — sickle-cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia. The therapy is based on gene editing technology that had won its scientists the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020.Less than a month later, FDA not only approved Casgevy (exagamglogene autotemcel) for SCD, but also approved bluebird bio’s Lyfgenia (lovotibeglogene autotemcel) for the treatment of SCD in patients aged 12 and older who have a history of vaso-occlusive events (when tissues become deprived of oxygen).IX. Leqembi becomes first med to bag full approval to treat Alzheimer’sEisai and Biogen’s Alzheimer’s drug Leqembi (lecanemab) had won FDA’s accelerated approval in January. It treats patients who are in the earliest stages of the neurodegenerative disease. In July, it became the first treatment to receive full FDA approval to treat the condition.X. Bayer’s experimental anticoagulant fails late-stage trialOne of the biggest disappointments from clinical trials came when a major late-stage trial for Bayer’s experimental anticoagulant asundexian had to be discontinued due to its inadequate effectiveness. Bayer had expectations in excess of € 5 billion (US$ 5.5 billion) from this drug.

Impressions: 2498

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