1. Inhibisol
2. Methylchloroform
1. Trichloroethane
2. Methylchloroform
3. 71-55-6
4. Chlorothene
5. Methyl Chloroform
6. Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-
7. Cleanite
8. Inhibisol
9. Chlorothene Nu
10. Chlorothene Vg
11. Aerothene Tt
12. Alpha-t
13. Genklene Lb
14. Methyltrichloromethane
15. Solvent 111
16. Chlorotene
17. Chlorten
18. Tafclean
19. Alpha-trichloroethane
20. Chlorothene Sm
21. Ethana Nu
22. Three One A
23. Three One S
24. 1,1,1-tce
25. Chloroform, Methyl-
26. Trichloromethylmethane
27. Chlorothene, Inhibited
28. .alpha.-trichloroethane
29. 1,1,1-trichloraethan
30. Rcra Waste Number U226
31. Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane
32. Ici-cf 2
33. Tri-ethane
34. Chlorothane Nu
35. 1,1,1-tricloroetano
36. 1,1,1-trichlorethane
37. Nci-c04626
38. Hcc 140a
39. Solvethane
40. Cf 2
41. 1,1,1-trichloroethan
42. Ethana
43. 25323-89-1
44. Chloroethene Nu
45. F 140a
46. 1,1,1-trichloro-ethane
47. Distillex Ds1
48. .alpha.-t
49. Un 2831
50. 1,1,1-trichloroethane, Technical Grade
51. Ch3ccl3
52. 1,1,1 Trichloroethane
53. Nsc-9367
54. Rcra-u226
55. Chebi:36015
56. 113c650ir1
57. Un-2831
58. Baltana
59. Dowclene Ls
60. Caswell No. 875
61. Trichloroethanes
62. 1,1-trichloroethane
63. Ccris 1290
64. Hsdb 157
65. 1,1,1-trichloraethan [german]
66. 1,1,1-tricloroetano [italian]
67. 1-1-1-trichloroethane
68. Nsc 9367
69. Trichloro-1,1,1-ethane [french]
70. Einecs 200-756-3
71. Un2831
72. Rcra Waste No. U226
73. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 081201
74. Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-
75. Brn 1731614
76. Chloroetene
77. Ai3-02061
78. Methyl-chloroform
79. Unii-113c650ir1
80. 1,1-tricloroetano
81. 1,1-trichloraethan
82. 1,1 Trichloroethane
83. 1,1-trichloorethaan
84. Trichloroethane (van)
85. 1,1,1-trichlorathan
86. Trichloro-1,1-ethane
87. Dsstox_cid_1381
88. Wln: Gxgg1
89. 1,1,1-trichloroethane [un2831] [poison]
90. Ec 200-756-3
91. Dsstox_rid_76124
92. Trichloroethane [ii]
93. Dsstox_gsid_21381
94. Schembl16434
95. 4-01-00-00138 (beilstein Handbook Reference)
96. Chembl16080
97. Schembl458743
98. Trichloroethane [inci]
99. 1,1,1-tris(chloranyl)ethane
100. Methylchloroform [hsdb]
101. Trichloroethane [vandf]
102. Gtpl5482
103. Trichloroethane (mixed Isomers)
104. Trichloroethane [mart.]
105. Dtxsid0021381
106. 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 97%
107. Nsc9367
108. 1,1,1-trichloorethaan (dutch)
109. Zinc8585883
110. 1,1, 1-trichloraethan (german)
111. Tox21_203122
112. 1,1, 1-tricloroetano (italian)
113. 1,1,1-trichloroethane [mi]
114. Akos015899823
115. Trichloro-1,1, 1-ethane (french)
116. 1,1,1 Trichloroethane [vandf]
117. 1,1,1-trichloroethane [iarc]
118. Cas-71-55-6
119. Ncgc00091158-01
120. Ncgc00091158-02
121. Ncgc00260667-01
122. 1,1,1-trichloroethane [usp-rs]
123. 1,1,1-trichloroethane (acd/name 4.0)
124. Ft-0605938
125. Ft-0605984
126. C18246
127. 1,1,1-trichloroethane 10 Microg/ml In Methanol
128. 1,1,1-trichloroethane 100 Microg/ml In Methanol
129. A837242
130. Q161268
131. 1,1,1-trichloroethane 1000 Microg/ml In Methanol
| Molecular Weight | 133.40 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C2H3Cl3 |
| XLogP3 | 2.4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 131.930033 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 131.930033 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 0 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 5 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 26.4 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is rapidly taken up by humans after inhalation exposure. Experimental data collected in human subjects indicate that absorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane is nearly complete following a single breath exposure, and that a steady-state lung retention of 25-30% in humans is achieved within 1-3 hours of continuous exposure. Steady-state blood levels are approximately 5-6 times that of alveolar air and increase with increasing air concentration, increasing alveolar ventilation and cardiac output. The percentage uptake of inhaled 1,1,1-trichloroethane decreased rapidly from approximately 95% at the beginning /single breath/ of a four-hour exposure to 30% at the end /steady state/.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 886 (1999)
The absorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane by the skin in humans has been shown to be dependent on the duration of exposure and the area of skin exposed. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane vapours are absorbed through exposed skin to some extent, although absorption through the respiratory tract is expected to predominate during whole-body exposure to vapours. A quantitative examination of the relative magnitudes of percutaneous and respiratory absorption indicated that a whole-body exposure to 600 ppm (3280 mg/cu m) 1,1,1- trichloroethane for over 3.5 hours was equivalent to an inhalation exposure of only 0.6 ppm (3.3 mg/cu m) over the same time period.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 886 (1999)
After cessation of inhalation exposure, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is rapidly eliminated from the blood; 60-80% is eliminated within two hours after exposure and more than 95-99% within 50 hours.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 886 (1999)
Expired air concentrations after topical application of TCE or continuous immersion of the hand for 30 minutes were 0.5 ppm and 10 ppm respectively at 30 minutes post-exposure. In contrast, respiratory exposure for a similar time to levels sufficient to cause only mild symptoms, i.e. 910 ppm, was associated with expired air concentrations of around 35 ppm at 30 minutes post-exposure. The skin is therefore a considerably less significant route of absorption than the lung. ... Peak alveolar levels of 45 ppm /were estimated/ after immersion of both hands in TCE for 30 minutes, similar to peak levels observed after respiratory exposure of the same duration to 100-500 ppm in air. Penetration is less with topical application than after total immersion by a factor of about 20. They concluded that provided the solvent is not confined beneath an impermeable barrier there is little likelihood that toxic amounts will be absorbed during normal industrial use. The vapor itself is not absorbed in significant amounts through the skin.
IPCS; Poisons Information Monograph 540: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. (April 1991). Available from, as of December 18, 2007: https://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/chemical/trichlor.htm
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (28 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Trichloroethane is rapidly absorbed through both the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, but cutaneous absorption probably is too slow to produce significant toxicity unless trapped against the skin by an impermeable barrier.
Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988., p. 988
Wide variations in tissue trichloroethane concentrations occur with the largest amounts found in the lipid-rich brain tissue.
Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988., p. 278
The lungs excrete most of an absorbed dose unchanged. Small amounts are metabolized to trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol, which are excreted by the kidney. Chronic accumulation probably does not occur, although repeated exposure induces hepatic p450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes.
Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988., p. 988
Metabolism appears to play a relatively minor role in the overall disposition of absorbed 1,1,1-trichloroethane in humans. Less than 10% of the absorbed dose is metabolized; a large fraction is excreted unchanged in exhaled air, regardless of the route of exposure. The major metabolites of 1,1,1-trichloroethane are water-soluble trichloroethanol and its glucuronide conjugate, trichloroacetic acid and carbon dioxide. The total amount of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid excreted in urine accounts for 77% of the predicted amount of metabolized 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Excretion of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in urine is slow in relation to exhalation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and these metabolites may accumulate with repeated exposure.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 886 (1999)
Metabolism following oral exposure is similar to metabolism following inhalation exposure. ... Approximately 3% of a dose ingested in drinking water by rats was metabolized and excreted as CO2 in expired air or as metabolites in urine. Mice metabolized 1,1,1-trichloroethane more extensively than rats. This is consistent with the metabolic differences between rats and mice following inhalation exposure, ... .
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 888 (1999)
The data on 1,1,1-trichloroethane metabolism by animals are consistent with the human data. Approximately 90% of the inhaled dose is excreted unchanged in expired air, while the remainder is eliminated as CO2 in expired air and as trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in the urine. A similar pattern of metabolism and subsequent excretion occurred in acutely and chronically exposed mice; the majority of 1,1,1-trichloroethane was excreted unchanged in the expired air and a small percentage was metabolized.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 888 (1999)
Metabolism has been shown to be saturable in animals over a range of exposure levels of 150-1500 ppm (820-8200 mg/cu m); thus, as the exposure level and absorbed dose increase, metabolism will contribute less to overall elimination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V71 888 (1999)
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
The lungs excrete most of an absorbed dose unchanged. Small amounts are metabolized to trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol, which are excreted by the kidney. Chronic accumulation probably does not occur, although repeated exposure induces hepatic p450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes.
Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988., p. 988
Trichloroethane has known human metabolites that include Trichloroethanol.
S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560
Blood to expired air: 1-9 hours; trichloroethanol (blood): 10-27 hours; trichloroacetic acid (blood): 70-85 hours; [TDR, p. 1173]
TDR - Ryan RP, Terry CE, Leffingwell SS (eds). Toxicology Desk Reference: The Toxic Exposure and Medical Monitoring Index, 5th Ed. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis, 1999., p. 1173
8.7 +/- 1.8 hr (in human urine).
Seki Y; Int Arch Arbeitsmed 34: 39-49 (1975) as cited in NIOSH; Criteria Document: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane p.34 (1979) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 76-184
Human half-life of elimination was calculated for the following compartments: Vessel-rich tissues (0.8 hr); Muscle and skin (7 hr); Adipose tissue (35 hr) following exposure of subjects to 72 and 215 ppm methyl chloroform.
Humbert BE, Fernandez JG; Arch Mal Prof 38: 415-25 (1977) as cited in USEPA; Health Assessment Document: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane p.4-16 (1982) EPA-600/8-82-003
Following exposure /of rodents/ to 810 mg/cu m (150 ppm), the half-lives were 10 and 139 min, whereas with 8100 mg/cu m (1500 ppm), the half-lives were 36 and 238 min.
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 136: 1,1,1-trichloroethane p.52 (1992)
... 1,1,1-Trichloroethane sensitizes the heart to epinephrine and may induce cardiac arrhythmias and arrest.
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-166
The mechanism by which acute exposures to high concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane depress the central nervous system is thought to involve interactions of the parent compound with lipids and/or proteins in neural membranes that lead to dysfunction. In general, the highly lipophilic nature of chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, allows them to cross the blood-brain barrier readily and partition into lipids in neuronal membranes. This property allows them to interfere with neural membrane function, bringing about central nervous system depression, behavioral changes, and anesthesia.
U.S. Dept Health & Human Services/Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry; Toxicological Profile for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane p.136 (2006) PB/95/264396. Available from, as of December 24, 2007: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxpro2.html#bookmark05
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