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1. Ether
2. Ether, Diethyl
3. Ether, Ethyl
4. Ethyl Ether
1. Ether
2. Ethyl Ether
3. Ethoxyethane
4. 60-29-7
5. Ethyl Oxide
6. Pronarcol
7. Diethyl Oxide
8. Aether
9. Anesthetic Ether
10. Anaesthetic Ether
11. Diethylether
12. Solvent Ether
13. 3-oxapentane
14. Ether, Ethyl
15. Diaethylaether
16. Dwuetylowy Eter
17. Ether Ethylique
18. Etere Etilico
19. Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis-
20. Oxyde D'ethyle
21. 1,1'-oxybisethane
22. Anesthesia Ether
23. 1,1'-oxydiethane
24. Ethyl Ether, Tech.
25. Diethylaether
26. Sulfuric Ether
27. Aether Pro Narcosi
28. Rcra Waste Number U117
29. Etherum
30. Nsc 100036
31. Nsc-100036
32. Chebi:35702
33. 0f5n573a2y
34. (c2h5)2o
35. Mfcd00011646
36. Ethyl Ether Anhydrous
37. Ether [jan]
38. Diaethylaether [german]
39. Etere Etilico [italian]
40. Dwuetylowy Eter [polish]
41. Ether Ethylique [french]
42. Oxyde D'ethyle [french]
43. Ether, Diethyl
44. Hsdb 70
45. Et2o
46. Ether [usp:jan]
47. Ether, Anhydrous
48. Einecs 200-467-2
49. Un1155
50. Rcra Waste No. U117
51. Dietylether
52. Diethyether
53. Di Ethylether
54. Di-ethylether
55. Diehtyl Ether
56. Diethyl-ether
57. Ether Anhydrous
58. Ethoxy-ethane
59. Monoethyl Ether
60. Anhydrous Ether
61. Diethl Ether
62. Diethy Ether
63. Dietyl Ether
64. Ehtyl Ether
65. Ethyl-ether
66. Diethyi Ether
67. Diethyl Ester
68. Unii-0f5n573a2y
69. 2-ethoxyethane
70. Ai3-24233
71. Di Ethyl Ether
72. Di-ethyl Ether
73. Ethyl Ether-
74. Alcohols, C7-21, Ethoxylated
75. Alcohols, C8-22, Ethoxylated
76. Alcohols, C14-26, Ethoxylated
77. Alcohols, C16-22, Ethoxylated
78. Etoet
79. Ether Anaesthesicus
80. 1-ethoxyethane #
81. Amines, C20-22-alkyl, Ethoxylated
82. Ethane,1'-oxybis-
83. Diethyl Ether [anaesthetics, Volatile]
84. 1,1' -oxybisethane
85. 1,1'-oxy-bisethane
86. 1,1'-oxybis Ethane
87. Oet2
88. 1,1'-oxobis(ethane)
89. Etherum [hpus]
90. Ether [vandf]
91. Ether [hsdb]
92. Ether (jp17/usp)
93. Ether [ii]
94. Ethyl Ether [mi]
95. Ec 200-467-2
96. Diethyl Ether, Hplc Grade
97. Ethyl Ether [inci]
98. O(et)2
99. Diethyl Ether Or Ethyl Ether
100. Diethylether (peptide Grade)
101. Ether [ep Monograph]
102. Diethyl Ether, >=99.5%
103. Chembl16264
104. Ether [usp Monograph]
105. Ethyl Ether [who-dd]
106. Ethyl Ether Anhydrous A.c.s.
107. Solvent Ether [mart.]
108. O(ch2ch3)2
109. Wln: 2o2
110. Dtxsid3021720
111. Diethyl Ether, P.a., 99.0%
112. Diethyl Ether, P.a., 99.5%
113. Diethyl Ether, Analytical Standard
114. Anaesthetic Ether [who-ip]
115. O(c2h5)2
116. Zinc1657408
117. Nsc100036
118. Stl445704
119. Akos015950740
120. Diethyl Ether, Acs Reagent, 99.5%
121. Db13598
122. Diethyl Ether, Spectrophotometric Grade
123. Un 1155
124. 69013-19-0
125. 69227-20-9
126. 70131-58-7
127. 71011-10-4
128. Diethyl Ether, Purum, >=99.0% (gc)
129. Ether Anaesthesicus [who-ip Latin]
130. Diethylether 100 Microg/ml In Acetonitrile
131. D3479
132. Diethyl Ether, Saj First Grade, >=99.0%
133. Ft-0624836
134. Ft-0624837
135. Ft-0624838
136. Diethyl Ether, Jis Special Grade, >=99.5%
137. D01772
138. Diethyl Ether, Uv Hplc Spectroscopic, 99.9%
139. Diethyl Ether, Anhydrous, 99.5%, ?50 Ppm H2o
140. Ethyl Ether Anhydrous Stabilized With 5ppm Of Bht
141. Q202218
142. Diethyl Ether, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.5% (gc)
143. Diethyl Ether, For Hplc, >=99.9%, Inhibitor-free
144. Diethyl Ether, For Uv-spectroscopy, >=99.8% (gc)
145. 1-hydroperoxy-8-carboxyoctyl 3,4-epoxynon-(2e)-enyl Ether
146. Diethyl Ether Or Ethyl Ether [un1155] [flammable Liquid]
147. Diethyl Ether, Anhydrous, Acs, 99% Min, Stab. With Bht
148. Diethyl Ether, Puriss., 99.0%, Contains 0.0025% Bht
149. Diethyl Ether Anhydrous Acs Grade Stabilized With 5ppm Of Bht
150. Diethyl Ether, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, >=99.8% (gc)
151. Diethyl Ether, Spectrophotometric Grade, 99%, Inhibitor Free
152. Ethyl Ether, Anhydrous, Stabilized With Bht, Max Water 50ppm
153. Diethyl Ether, Ar, Contains 5 Ppm Bht As Stabilizer, >=99.5%
154. Diethyl Ether, For Hplc, Contains 5 Ppm Bht As Stabilizer, >=99%
155. Diethyl Ether, For Residue Analysis, Suitable For 5000 Per Jis
156. Diethyl Ether, Lr, Contains 5 Ppm Bht As Stabilizer, >=99.5%
157. Diethyl Ether, P.a., Acs Reagent, 99.5%, Contains 0.0025% Bht
158. Diethyl Ether, Spectrophotometric Grade, >=99.9%, Inhibitor-free
159. Diethyl Ether, Acs Reagent, Anhydrous, >=99.0%, Contains Bht As Inhibitor
160. Diethyl Ether, Anhydrous, Acs Reagent, >=99.0%, Contains Bht As Inhibitor
161. Diethyl Ether, Anhydrous, Contains 5 Ppm Bht As Stabilizer, >=99.5%
162. Diethyl Ether, Contains 1 Ppm Bht As Inhibitor, Anhydrous, >=99.7%
163. Diethyl Ether, Suitable For 1000 Per Jis, >=99.5%, For Residue Analysis
164. Diethyl Ether, Suitable For 300 Per Jis, >=99.5%, For Residue Analysis
165. Diethyl Ether, Acs Reagent, >=98.0%, Contains ~2% Ethanol And ~10ppm Bht As Inhibitor
166. Diethyl Ether, Acs Reagent, Anhydrous, >=99.0%, Contains 1 Ppm Bht As Inhibitor
167. Diethyl Ether, Anhydrous, Acs Reagent, >=99.0%, Contains 1 Ppm Bht As Inhibitor
168. Diethyl Ether, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
169. Diethyl Ether, Puriss., Dried Over Molecular Sieve (h2o <=0.005%), >=99.8% (gc)
170. Diethyl Ether, Puriss., Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph.??eur., Bp, >=99.5% (gc)
171. Diethyl Ether, Reagent Grade, >=98%, Contains ~2% Ethanol And ~10ppm Bht As Inhibitor
172. 667919-88-2
173. 68890-94-8
174. 68890-95-9
175. Diethyl Ether, Contains Bht As Inhibitor, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.8%
176. Diethyl Ether, Puriss., Dried Over Molecular Sieve Deperox Dehydrat (h2o <=0.005%), >=99.8% (gc)
177. Ethanol, 2,2',2''-nitrilotris-, Compds. With Polyethylene Glycol Mono-c12-18-alkyl Ethers Phosphates
178. Hexanedioic Acid, Polymer With 1,3-isobenzofurandione And 1,2-propanediol, Diesters With C8-18 And C18-unsatd. Fatty Acids
| Molecular Weight | 74.12 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C4H10O |
| XLogP3 | 0.9 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Exact Mass | 74.073164938 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 74.073164938 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 9.2 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 5 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 11.1 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
Anesthetics, Inhalation; Solvents
National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)
Ether is sometimes injected intravenously as a measure of circulation time when evaluating a patient's cardiac status ... /SRP: Former use/
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. II-184
Ether, mixed with approximately 2 volumes of alcohol to form ether spirit /SRP: was formerly used/ as an orally administered preparation for treatment of gastric flatulence and milder forms of gastralgia.
Osol, A., and R. Pratt. (eds.). The United States Dispensatory. 27th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1973., p. 507
Intravenous administration of up to 1000 mL of a 2.5 to 7.5% solution of ether in isotonic sodium chloride solution and 5% dextrose solution has been /SRP: formerly/ employed to quiet manic patients.
Osol, A., and R. Pratt. (eds.). The United States Dispensatory. 27th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1973., p. 507
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Main contraindications to ether anesthesia are acute and chronic respiratory diseases and advanced renal disease.
Di Palma, J. (ed.). Drill's Pharmacology in Medicine. 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1971., p. 507
The primary physiologic effect of ethyl ether is /CNS depression/ and general anesthesia. Concentrations of ethyl ether ranging from 100,000 to 150,000 ppm are required for induction of anesthesia; however, exposure at this concentration may produce fatalities due to respiratory arrest. Repeated exposures of workers in industry was often intentional, ether jags. Symptoms ... consist of loss of appetite, exhaustion, headache, sleepiness, dizziness, excitation, and psychic disturbances. Albuminuria ... and polycythemia may result.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 631
It irritates mucous membranes. Except for its use in small rodents, ether is usually not potent enough to avoid slow and difficult induction unless other premedication is employed.
Booth, N.H., L.E. McDonald (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982., p. 193
Blood level: ... Lethal= 1400-1890 ug/mL
Winek, C.L. Drug and Chemical Blood-Level Data 1985. Pittsburgh, PA: Allied Fischer Scientific, 1985.
Solvents
Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) (See all compounds classified as Solvents.)
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173) (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics, Inhalation.)
N - Nervous system
N01 - Anesthetics
N01A - Anesthetics, general
N01AA - Ethers
N01AA01 - Diethyl ether
After inhalation, ethyl ether is rapidly transferred from alveoli to blood. The normal alveolar membrane poses no barrier to the transfer of ethyl ether in either direction. The blood/gas distribution coefficient of ethyl ether is high - 12.1. For oil/gas, the distribution coefficient is 65. ...The penetration /of ethyl ether/ in rabbit skin /was studied/. ... Doses over 20 mL/kg bw could not be retained in contact with the skin. ... The single dermal penetration LD50 was greater than 20 mL/kg bw.
NIOSH; NEG and NIOSH Basis for an Occupational Health Standard for Ethyl Ether. p.5. Arbete och Halsa 30 (2002) Available from, as of October 31, 2007: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/93-103a.pdf
The majority of inhaled ethyl ether is excreted unchanged through the lungs. In experiments on dogs, /it was/ reported that the recovery of ethyl ether in expired air was 79-92% (average for 12 dogs 87%).
NIOSH; NEG and NIOSH Basis for an Occupational Health Standard for Ethyl Ether. p.7. Arbete och Halsa 30 (2002) Available from, as of October 31, 2007: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/93-103a.pdf
... Over 90% of it can be recovered in the exhaled air. A small fraction is excreted in the urine, milk, sweat and other body fluids, and a tiny amount escapes by diffusion through the intact skin. All volatile anesthetics easily pass placental barrier ...
Goodman, L.S., and A. G. Gilman. (eds.). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 4th ed. New York: Macmillan Co., 1970., p. 82
Diethyl ether is instantaneously absorbed from inhaled air into the bloodstream, from which it passes rapidly into the brain. ... It is also taken up rapidly by fatty tissue in rats.
Bingham, E.; Cohrssen, B.; Powell, C.H.; Patty's Toxicology Volumes 1-9 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York, N.Y. (2001)., p. 5:880
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
It has been estimated that about 8-10% of absorbed ethyl ether is metabolized in the body whereas the remainder is excreted unchanged through the lungs. Ethyl ether is metabolized to ethanol and acetaldehyde by the inducible hepatic microsomal enzyme system, a cytochrome P450-containing monooxygenase system. Ethanol and acetaldehyde are rapidly oxidized to acetate, and the acetate subsequently enters the 2-carbon pool of intermediary metabolism.
NIOSH; NEG and NIOSH Basis for an Occupational Health Standard for Ethyl Ether. p.7. Arbete och Halsa 30 (2002) Available from, as of October 31, 2007: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/93-103a.pdf
When (14)C diethyl ether ... admin ... to mice by inhalation a proportion was rapidly metabolized into palmitic, stearic, & oleic acids & cholesterol, which, together with 3 other non-volatile radioactive metab ... mono-, di-, & tri-glycerides, were recovered from liver.
The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 2: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1970 and 1971. London: The Chemical Society, 1972., p. 257
Diethyl ether caused detectable blood acetaldehyde levels in 15 patients. Avg acetaldehyde concn was 21 umolar which approximates the level found after intake of ethanol.
PMID:7405692 MOERLAND ET AL; ADV EXP MED BIOL 126 (ISS BIOL EFF ALCOHOL): 453 (1980)
Liver microsomes metabolized diethyl ether to acetaldehyde. The reaction was NADPH-dependent, & inhibited by CO & antibody to rat liver cytochrome P450. Cytochrome P450 containing monooxygenase system analogous to o-dealkylation is indicated.
PMID:6767481 CHENGELIS & NEAL; BIOCHEM PHARMACOL 29 (2): 247 (1980)
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for DIETHYL ETHER (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
The mechanism of action by which .... ethyl ether produce/s/ reversible loss of consciousness is still unclear. Anesthesia can be produced by a wide variety of chemical agents, ranging from inert rare gases to steriodal molecules. This apparent lack of specificity, together with the observation that general anesthesia can be reversed by high pressure, poses a unique pharmacological problem. Most theories concern interaction of anesthetics with either membrane lipids or hydrophobic regions of specificic membrane-bound proteins. One hypothesis is that the anesthetic changes the function of an ion channel protein by modifying the conformation of the protein. Some investigators suggest that the GABA receptor may be the ion channel protein that is affected by inhalation of anesthetic agents... The most appropriate concept for the mechanism of general anesthesia /may be/ a the heterogenous site of anesthetic action, including both lipid and protein membrane components linked with neuronal function.
NIOSH; NEG and NIOSH Basis for an Occupational Health Standard for Ethyl Ether. p.8. Arbete och Halsa 30 (2002) Available from, as of October 31, 2007: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/93-103a.pdf
In chronically catheterized rats, diethyl ether increased plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations indicating that this drug stimulates both neurosympathetic and adrenomedullary functions. These effects appear to be centrally mediated, since ganglionic blockade or spinal transection completely counteracted the diethyl ether induced increases in plasma calcium levels.
PMID:3556398 Carruba MO et al; Eur J Pharmacol 134 (1): 15-24 (1987)
Hippocampal EEG signals derived from chronically implanted electrodes in the freely moving rat were recorded before and after administration of centrally acting drugs, and analyzed by power and coherence spectra. Diethyl ether induced a low frequency (3-6 c/s) theta power and coherence peak in the immobile rat, which was sensitive to atropine or scopolamine. The residue spectrum, defined as the EEG spectrum with the theta harmonics removed, was sensitive to centrally acting drugs. Diethyl ether suppressed fast waves of 50-100 c/s, and some conditions, enhanced 15-50 c/s waves.
PMID:2578356 Leung LW St; Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 60 (1): 65-77 (1985)
The plasma beta-endorphin responses to ether and handling stress were examined in animals of various ages. At each age studied there was a significant, stress-induced elevation of plasma beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity levels were higher in animals 3,7, and 14 days of age than in adults.
PMID:2950969 Iny LJ et al; Brain Res 428 (2): 177-81 (1987)
Cortical action potential activity is suppressed by ether anesthesia and is not affected when sensory fibers in the sciatic nerve are stimulated. Consequently, ether blocks sensory pathways to the cortex; the blockade occurs even before cortical activity is entirely suspended. In contrast, pentobarbital suppresses activity in the cortex without blocking the sensory path to it during sciatic nerve stimulation.
Booth, N.H., L.E. McDonald (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982., p. 192
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