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2D Structure
Also known as: Hydrogen chloride, 7647-01-0, Muriatic acid, Chlorohydric acid, Chlorane, Anhydrous hydrochloric acid
Molecular Formula
ClH
Molecular Weight
36.46  g/mol
InChI Key
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
QTT17582CB

A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
chlorane
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/ClH/h1H
2.1.3 InChI Key
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
Cl
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
QTT17582CB
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Acid, Hydrochloric

2. Acid, Muriatic

3. Chloride, Hydrogen

4. Hydrogen Chloride

5. Muriatic Acid

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Hydrogen Chloride

2. 7647-01-0

3. Muriatic Acid

4. Chlorohydric Acid

5. Chlorane

6. Anhydrous Hydrochloric Acid

7. Acide Chlorhydrique

8. Chlorwasserstoff

9. Spirits Of Salt

10. Muriaticum Acidum

11. Hydrogen Chloride (hcl)

12. Chloorwaterstof

13. Chlorowodor

14. Monohydrochloride

15. Acido Cloridrico

16. Aqueous Hydrogen Chloride

17. Hydrochloric Acid [jan]

18. Chlorure D'hydrogene

19. Hydrochloric Acid Gas

20. Marine Acid

21. Baume Hcl

22. Icon Etch

23. Spirit Of Salt

24. Nsc 77365

25. Enplate Po 236

26. Chebi:17883

27. Hydrogen Chloride (acid)

28. [hcl]

29. Nsc-77365

30. Hcl

31. Ins No.507

32. Qtt17582cb

33. Ins-507

34. Mfcd00011324

35. E507

36. Bowl Cleaner

37. E-507

38. 4-d Bowl Sanitizer

39. Chlorowodor [polish]

40. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 1n

41. Emulsion Bowl Cleaner

42. Caswell No. 486

43. Hydrogenchlorid

44. Chloorwaterstof [dutch]

45. O-tolidine Dihydrochloride Solution

46. Chlorwasserstoff [german]

47. Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Reagent

48. Titanium, Reference Standard Solution

49. Vanadium, Reference Standard Solution

50. Acido Clorhidrico

51. Un 1789 (solution)

52. Hydrochloric Acid, Acs Reagent, 37%

53. Un 1050 (anhydrous)

54. Mono Hydrochloride

55. Acido Cloridrico [italian]

56. Platinum Cobalt Color Standard Solution

57. White Emulsion Bowl Cleaner

58. Acido Clorhidrico [spanish]

59. Varley Poly-pak Bowl Creme

60. Acide Chlorhydrique [french]

61. Hydrogen Chloride (gas Only)

62. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.2n (n/5)

63. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.5n (n/2)

64. Chlorure D'hydrogene [french]

65. Chloruro De Hidrogeno

66. Hsdb 545

67. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1n (n/10)

68. Chloruro De Hidrogeno [spanish]

69. Hygeia Creme Magic Bowl Cleaner

70. Percleen Bowl And Urinal Cleaner

71. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 1.0m In Ethyl Acetate

72. Einecs 231-595-7

73. Un1050

74. Un1789

75. Un2186

76. Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride

77. Wuest Bowl Cleaner Super Concentrated

78. Chlorure D'hydrogene Anhydre [french]

79. Cloruro De Hidrogeno Anhidro [spanish]

80. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 045901

81. Chlorure D'hydrogene Anhydre

82. Cloruro De Hidrogeno Anhidro

83. Un 2186 (refrigerated Liquefied Gas)

84. Chloro

85. Chlorum

86. Hydochloride

87. Hydrochlorie

88. Hydrochoride

89. Hydrocloride

90. Unii-qtt17582cb

91. Salzsaeure

92. Hydrochloric Acid [jan:nf]

93. Chloridohydrogen

94. Hydro Chloride

95. Hydro-chloride

96. Hydrogenchloride

97. Chloro Radical

98. Soldering Acid

99. Chlorhydric Acid

100. Hydochloric Acid

101. Hydogen Chloride

102. Hydrochoric Acid

103. Hydrocloric Acid

104. Hydrogen Chlorid

105. Hydrogen Choride

106. Hydrogen Cloride

107. Hyrochloric Acid

108. Hyrogen Chloride

109. Liriopesides-b

110. Hvdrochloric Acid

111. Hvdrogen Chloride

112. Hydorchloric Acid

113. Hydrochioric Acid

114. Hydrochloric Aicd

115. Hydrochloric-acid

116. Hydrogen-chloride

117. Hyrdochloric Acid

118. Hydrochloric Ccid

119. Spirits Of Salts

120. Wasserstoffchlorid

121. Monohydro-chloride

122. Sibiricose-a6

123. Hydrogen Ch1oride

124. Hydro Chloric Acid

125. Hydro-chloric Acid

126. Hydrochloric Ac Id

127. Varley's Ocean Blue Scented Toilet Bowl Cleaner

128. Cloruro De Hidrogeno

129. Hydro- Chloric Acid

130. Acidum Hydrochloricum

131. Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Solution

132. N-s/-boc-d-lysine

133. H-cl

134. Dilute Hydrochloric Acid

135. Diluted Hydrochloric Acid

136. Hcl]

137. Hydrochloric Acid, 37%

138. Hydrogen Chloric Anhydrous

139. Hydrochloric Acid, Diluted

140. Now South Safti-sol Brand Concentrated Bowl Cleanse With Magic Actio

141. Hydrochloric Acid 36% By Weight Or More Hcl

142. 17cl

143. Ec 231-595-7

144. Hydrochloric Acid, Solution

145. Hydrochloric Acid, Anhydrous

146. Hydrogen Chloride, Anhydrous

147. Hydrogen-chloride-anhydrous-

148. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum

149. Hydrochloric Acid For Technical

150. Hydrochloric Acid [ii]

151. Hydrochloric Acid [mi]

152. Hydrogen Chloride [mi]

153. Hydrochloric Acid (jp15/nf)

154. Hydrochloric Acid [fcc]

155. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 2n

156. Chembl1231821

157. Dtxsid2020711

158. Hydrochloric Acid (jp17/usp)

159. Hydrochloric Acid [hsdb]

160. Hydrochloric Acid [iarc]

161. Hydrochloric Acid [inci]

162. Muriaticum Acidum [hpus]

163. Chebi:23116

164. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 1 M

165. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 2 M

166. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 6 M

167. Hydrochloric Acid [vandf]

168. Hydrogen Chloride Ethanol Solution

169. Hydrochloric Acid [mart.]

170. Hydrochloric Acid Acs Grade 31%

171. Hydrogen Chloride, 4m In Dioxane

172. Hydrochloric Acid Concentrate, 1n

173. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 12 M

174. Hydrochloric Acid [who-dd]

175. Hydrochloric Acid [who-ip]

176. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1n

177. Hydrochloric Acid, Ar, 35-37%

178. Hydrochloric Acid, Lr, 35-38%

179. Hydrochloric Acid Concentrate, 10n

180. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1 M

181. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1 N

182. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.2 M

183. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.5 M

184. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 1.0 N

185. Nsc77365

186. Hydrogen Chloride - Butanol Reagent

187. Sasrin Resin (200-400 Mesh)

188. Bdbm50499188

189. Cs0072

190. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.01 M

191. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.02 M

192. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.05 M

193. Mfcd00792839

194. Stl282413

195. Hydrochloric Acid, P.a., 31-33%

196. Hydrogen Chloride, 1m In Acetic Acid

197. Hydrogen Chloride, Refrigerated Liquid

198. Akos015843726

199. Ccg-221928

200. Db13366

201. Hydrochloric Acid, 2m Aqueous Solution

202. Hydrochloric Acid, Puriss., 30-33%

203. Hydrochloric Acid, Reagent Grade, 37%

204. Hydrogen Chloride, 1m In Diethyl Ether

205. Hydrogen Chloride, 2m In Diethyl Ether

206. Hydrogen Chloride, 4m Aqueous Solution

207. Na 1789

208. Un 1050

209. Un 1789

210. Un 2186

211. Hydrogen Chloride, Puriss., >=99.7%

212. Hydrogen Chloride, Puriss., >=99.8%

213. Hydrochloric Acid Acs Grade 36.5-38%

214. Hydrochloric Acid, Technical Grade, 30%

215. 2647-01-0

216. Hydrochloric Acid (acid Aerosols Including Mists, Vapors, Gas, Fog, And Other Airborne Forms Of Any Particle Size)

217. H-lys(2,4-dichloro-z)-obzl (c){ Hcl

218. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Puriss., 36%

219. 1n Hydrochloric Acid Aqueous (+/-0.1n)

220. 3n Hydrochloric Acid Aqueous (+/-0.2n)

221. 5n Hydrochloric Acid Aqueous (+/-0.2n)

222. Ds-002721

223. Hydrochloric Acid, 5% V/v Aqueous Solution

224. Hydrochloric Acid, Puriss. P.a., >=32%

225. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 1.6m In Ethanol

226. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 3.3m In Ethanol

227. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 4.0m In Dioxane

228. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 4.0m In Ethanol

229. Hydrogen Chloride, 25% (w/w) In Methanol

230. Acidum Hydrochloricum [who-ip Latin]

231. Ft-0627124

232. Ft-0628063

233. Ft-0699355

234. Ft-0699890

235. Ft-0699899

236. Ft-0700010

237. H1060

238. H1062

239. H1202

240. H1203

241. H1277

242. Hydrochloric Acid, 10% V/v Aqueous Solution

243. Hydrochloric Acid, 50% V/v Aqueous Solution

244. Hydrochloric Acid, Puriss., 24.5-26.0%

245. Hydrochloric Acid, Puriss., 37.0-38.0%

246. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 1.25m In Ethanol

247. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 3.0m In Methanol

248. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 4m In Isopropanol

249. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 3m In 1-butanol

250. Hydrogen Chloride, Reagentplus(r), >=99%

251. X0038

252. X0039

253. X0041

254. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.02n (n/50)

255. Hydrochloric Acid, Roti?volum, 1n (ampoule)

256. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 4.0 M In Dioxane

257. Hydrogen Chloride, Nominally 2.5m In Ethanol

258. C01327

259. D02057

260. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.01n (n/100)

261. Hydrochloric Acid, 0.01n Standardized Solution

262. Hydrochloric Acid, 0.05n Standardized Solution

263. Hydrochloric Acid, 0.1n Standardized Solution

264. Hydrochloric Acid, 0.5n Standardized Solution

265. Hydrochloric Acid, 1.0n Standardized Solution

266. Hydrochloric Acid, 5.0n Standardized Solution

267. Hydrochloric Acid, 6.0n Standardized Solution

268. Hydrogen Chloride - Butanol Reagent (5-10%)

269. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 0.1m In Isopropanol

270. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 1.0m In Acetic Acid

271. Hydrochloric Acid, Roti?volum, 0.1n (ampoule)

272. Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Reagent (5-10%)

273. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 1.25m In Isopropanol

274. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 4.0m In Ethyl Acetate

275. Hydrogen Chloride, 1m Solution In Ethyl Acetate

276. Hydrogen Chloride, Ca 0.5m Solution In Methanol

277. 4-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic Acid Hydrochloride

278. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Puriss. P.a., >=25%

279. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 1.0 M In Diethyl Ether

280. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 2.0 M In Diethyl Ether

281. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 1.0 M In Acetic Acid

282. Hydrogen Chloride, 3m In Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether

283. Q211086

284. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 32 Wt. % In H2o, Fcc

285. Hydrochloric Acid, Saj First Grade, 35.0-37.0%

286. Hydrochloric Acid, Solution [un1789] [corrosive]

287. Hydrogen Chloride - Ethanol Solution, 3% In Ethanol

288. Hydrogen Chloride Anhydrous [un1050] [poison Gas]

289. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 3.95m-4.40m In Dioxane

290. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 5.0-6.0m In 2-propanol

291. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 5.0-6.0m In Isopropanol

292. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 1.0 M In Diethyl Ether

293. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 1m In Isopropyl Acetate

294. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 2.0 M In Diethyl Ether

295. J-006148

296. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Bioxtra, ~0.1 M In H2o

297. Hydrochloric Acid, Environmental Grade Plus, 33-36%

298. Hydrochloric Acid, Jis Special Grade, 35.0-37.0%

299. Hydrochloric Acid, P.a., Acs Reagent, 36.5-38.0%

300. Hydrochloric Acid, Saj Super Special Grade, >=35.0%

301. Hydrogen Chloride, Anhydrous [un1050] [poison Gas]

302. Hydrogen Chloride - Ethanol Solution, 0.1 M In Ethanol

303. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Protein Sequencing Grade, Liquid

304. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Saj First Grade, 9.5-10.0%

305. Hydrochloric Acid, Purum P.a., Fuming 37%, >=37% (t)

306. Hydrogen Chloride, 5 To 6m Solution In 2-propanol, Pure

307. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 0.1 M, For 3s Adapter Technology

308. Hydrogen Chloride, Refrigerated Liquid [un2186] [poison Gas]

309. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, ~6 M In H2o, For Amino Acid Analysis

310. Hydrochloric Acid, 36.5-38.0%, Bioreagent, For Molecular Biology

311. Hydrochloric Acid, 37 Wt. % In H2o, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

312. Hydrochloric Acid, Bioultra, >=32% (t), Suitable For Luminescence

313. Hydrochloric Acid, Suitable For Amino Acid Analysis, 35.0-37.0%

314. Hydrochloric Acid, Suitable For Arsenic Determination, 35.0-37.0%

315. Hydrogen Chloride Solution 3.0m In Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (cpme)

316. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 3 M In Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (cpme)

317. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 3 M In Methanol, For Gc Derivatization

318. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 1.0 N, Bioreagent, Suitable For Cell Culture

319. Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Volumetric, 0.1 M Hcl (0.1n), Endotoxin Free

320. Hydrochloric Acid, Suitable For Determination Of Toxic Metals, >=35.0%

321. Hydrogen Chloride - Ethanol Solution, ~1.25 M Hcl, For Gc Derivatization

322. Hydrogen Chloride - Methanol Solution, ~1.25 M Hcl, For Gc Derivatization

323. Hydrogen Chloride Solution, 0.5 M In Methanol, For Gc Derivatization

324. Hydrochloric Acid Acs Grade 36.5-38% For Biochemistry And Molecular Biology

325. Hydrochloric Acid, Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph. Eur., Bp, Nf, Fuming, 36.5-38%

326. Hydrochloric Acid, P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., 37.0-38.0%

327. Hydrochloric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17823), Fuming 37%, 37-38%

328. Hydrochloric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17863), >=32%

329. Hydrochloric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Slsi Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17302), Fuming 37%

330. Hydrochloric Acid, Semiconductor Grade Vlsi Puranal(tm) (honeywell 17610), Fuming 37%

331. Hydrogen Chloride - 1-butanol Solution, ~3 M In 1-butanol, For Gc Derivatization

332. Hydrogen Chloride - 2-propanol Solution, ~1.25 M Hcl (t), For Gc Derivatization

333. Chloride Atomic Spectroscopy Standard Concentrate 10.00 G Cl-, 10.00 G/l, For 1 L Standard Solution, Analytical Standard

334. Hydrochloric Acid Concentrate, 0.1n, Dissolution Media Concentrate, Dilute To 25l To Conform To Usp & Ep

335. Hydrochloric Acid Concentrate, 0.1n, Dissolution Media Concentrate, Dilute To 6l To Conform To Usp & Ep

336. Hydrochloric Acid, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., Fuming, >=37%, Apha: <=10

2.4 Create Date
2004-09-16
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 36.46 g/mol
Molecular Formula ClH
XLogP30.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count0
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass35.9766777 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass35.9766777 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count1
Formal Charge0
Complexity0
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

VET: Internally ... in achlorhydria & hypochlorhydria esp in pups & in some dogs ... up to 2 yr of age. ... Orally, in rumen atony of cattle esp in those cases assoc with acetonemia. ... Effective topically on mold spores (1-2%) & antibacterial against many organisms. ...

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 264


Pharmaceutic aid (acidifying agent); VET: has been used as gastric acidifier.

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 827


MEDICATION (VET): Antiseptic

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 264


MEDICATION (VET): Internally

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 264


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for HYDROGEN CHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

Warning: ... Correcting metabolic alkalosis ... soln of hydrochloric acid ... proved toxic and caused side effects (in cats).

PATOL FIZIOL EKSP TER 1: 52-7 (1984)


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 ATC Code

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A09 - Digestives, incl. enzymes

A09A - Digestives, incl. enzymes

A09AB - Acid preparations

A09AB03 - Hydrochloric acid


B - Blood and blood forming organs

B05 - Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions

B05X - I.v. solution additives

B05XA - Electrolyte solutions

B05XA13 - Hydrochloric acid


5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Following intravenous infusion of 0.15 M hydrochloric acid into rats (50 mL/kg body weight/hour) and dogs (20 mL/kg body weight/hour), urinary excretion of the chloride ion was increased in both species.

IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work). Available at: https://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php, p. V54 201 (1993)


Acute metabolic acidosis ... decreased proximal fluid reabsorption and increased the fractional delivery of sodium and calcium to the distal tubules, but not to the final urine. In comparison with normal dogs, dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis showed an increase in proximal fluid reabsorption and a dissociation of calcium from sodium reabsorption more distally, leading to an increase delivery of calcium relative to the sodium at the distal tubule and in the final urine.

PMID:480784 Sutton RA et al; Kidney Int 15 (5): 520-33 (1979)


The authors encountered a case of hydrochloric acid (HCl) poisoning, thought to be caused by oral ingestion of concentrated HCl. Coagulation of the surface of the tongue and the mucosa of the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach were observed at forensic autopsy. An overabundance of Cl- was found in the gastric contents, corresponding to 8.19 mL of concentrated HCl. This was suggested to be a lethal oral dose of concentrated HCl, and the cause of death was determined to be HCl poisoning. Measuring the pH and concentrations of various ions in body fluids and contents of the alimentary tract enabled postmortem diffusion of HCl to be determined.

PMID:16803668 Yoshitome K et al; J Anal Toxicol 30 (4): 278-80 (2006)


5.3 Mechanism of Action

The biological activity of hydrogen chloride is associated with its high solubility in water i.e., 23 moles/L at 0 C. ... The hydrogen chloride in water dissociates almost completely, with the hydrogen ion captured by the water molecules to form the hydronium ion. The hydronium ion becomes a donor of a proton that possesses catalytic properties and thus is capable of reacting with organic molecules. This may explain the ability of hydrogen chloride to induce cellular injury and necrosis.

WHO/International Programme on Chemical Safety; Environmental Health Criteria 21, Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride (1982). Available from, as of February 24, 2015: https://www.inchem.org/pages/ehc.html