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2D Structure
Also known as: Foznol, 587-26-8, Lanthanum sesquicarbonate, Phosbloc, Carbonic acid, lanthanum(3+) salt (3:2), Lanthanum(3+);tricarbonate
Molecular Formula
C3La2O9
Molecular Weight
457.84  g/mol
InChI Key
NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H
FDA UNII
0M78EU4V9H

Lanthanum Carbonate is the carbonate salt of lanthanum, a silvery white metallic element of the lanthanoids family, with phosphate binding property. Lanthanum carbonate dissociates in gastric acid to release lanthanum ions, which then binds dietary phosphate. This agent inhibits the absorption of phosphate by forming highly insoluble lanthanum-phosphate complexes that reduce concentrations of serum phosphate and calcium phosphate.
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
lanthanum(3+);tricarbonate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/3CH2O3.2La/c3*2-1(3)4;;/h3*(H2,2,3,4);;/q;;;2*+3/p-6
2.1.3 InChI Key
NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].C(=O)([O-])[O-].[La+3].[La+3]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
0M78EU4V9H
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Fosrenol

2. Lantharenol

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Foznol

2. 587-26-8

3. Lanthanum Sesquicarbonate

4. Phosbloc

5. Carbonic Acid, Lanthanum(3+) Salt (3:2)

6. Lanthanum(3+);tricarbonate

7. Lanthanum(3+) Carbonate

8. Lanthanum (iii) Carbonate

9. Lanthanum Carbonate (2:3)

10. Lanthanum Carbonate Anhydrous

11. 0m78eu4v9h

12. Dilanthanum Tricarbonate

13. Carbonic Acid,lanthanum(3+) Salt (3:2), Octahydrate (8ci,9ci)

14. Lanthanum(3 ) Carbonate

15. Einecs 209-599-5

16. Lanthanum(3+) Tricarbonate

17. Unii-0m78eu4v9h

18. Hsdb 7758

19. Carbonato De Lantano

20. Carbonate De Lanthane

21. Carbonato De Lantanio

22. Carbonato Di Lantanio

23. Lanthanum(iii) Carbonate

24. Lanthanum Carbonate Powder

25. Ec 209-599-5

26. Lanthanum(3+) Salt (3:2)

27. Lanthanum Carbonate [mi]

28. Dtxsid30890512

29. Lanthanum Carbonate (la2(co3)3)

30. Lanthanum Carbonate [who-dd]

31. Db06792

32. Lanthanum(3 ) Carbonate [hsdb]

33. Q421317

34. Carbonic Acid,lanthanum(3+) Salt (3:2), Hydrate (9ci)

2.4 Create Date
2005-08-08
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 457.84 g/mol
Molecular Formula C3La2O9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count9
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass457.76696 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass457.76696 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area190 Ų
Heavy Atom Count14
Formal Charge0
Complexity18.8
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count5
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Lanthanum; Kidney Failure, Chronic

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 2009)


Lanthanum carbonate is indicated to reduce serum phosphate in patients with end stage renal disease. /Included in US product label/

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


4.2 Drug Warning

Adverse effects reported in 5% or more of patients receiving lanthanum carbonate and more frequently than with placebo include nausea, vomiting, dialysis graft occlusion, and abdominal pain.

American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009), p. 2755


Patients with acute peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or bowel obstruction were not included in lanthanum carbonate clinical studies. Caution should be used in patients with these conditions.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


While growth abnormalities were not identified in long-term animal studies, lanthanum was deposited into developing bone including growth plate. The consequences of such deposition in developing bone in pediatric patients are unknown. Therefore, the use of lanthanum carbonate in this population is not recommended.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


/Patients taking lanthanum carbonate should be advised of the/ importance of taking lanthanum carbonate with or immediately after meals.

American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009), p. 2755


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Lanthanum Carbonate (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.3 Drug Indication

Used to reduce serum phosphate in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).


FDA Label


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

In vitro studies have shown that lanthanum binds phosphate in the physiologically relevant pH range of 3 to 7. In simulated gastric fluid, lanthanum binds approximately 97% of the available phosphate at pH 3-5 and 67% at pH 7, when lanthanum is present in a two-fold molar excess to phosphate. Bile acids have not been shown to affect the phosphate binding affinity of lanthanum. In order to bind dietary phosphate, lanthanum carbonate must be administered with or immediately after meals.


5.2 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.2.1 Pharmacological Classes
Phosphate Chelating Activity [MoA]; Phosphate Binder [EPC]
5.3 ATC Code

V - Various

V03 - All other therapeutic products

V03A - All other therapeutic products

V03AE - Drugs for treatment of hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia

V03AE03 - Lanthanum carbonate


5.4 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Bioavailability very low (<0.002%) following single or multiple dose oral administration.


Route of Elimination

No information is available regarding the mass balance of lanthanum in humans after oral administration. In rats and dogs, the mean recovery of lanthanum after an oral dose was about 99% and 94%, respectively, and was essentially all from feces. Biliary excretion is the predominant route of elimination for circulating lanthanum in rats.


Clearance

In healthy volunteers administered intravenous lanthanum as the soluble chloride salt (120 g), renal clearance was less than 2% of total plasma clearance.


Lanthanum is minimally absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration; bioavailability is less than 0.002%. In patients receiving therapeutic dosages of lanthanum for up to 2 years, mean plasma concentrations of the drug remained low (ie, 1.1 ng/mL or less).

American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009), p. 2755


Following single or multiple dose oral administration of lanthanum carbonate to healthy subjects, the concentration of lanthanum in plasma was very low. Following oral administration in ESRD patients, the mean lanthanum Cmax was 1.0 ng/mL. During long-term administration (52 weeks) in ESRD patients, the mean lanthanum concentration in plasma was approximately 0.6 ng/mL. There was minimal increase in plasma lanthanum concentrations with increasing doses within the therapeutic dose range. The effect of food on the bioavailability of lanthanum carbonate has not been evaluated, but the timing of food intake relative to lanthanum administration (during and 30 minutes after food intake) has a negligible effect on the systemic level of lanthanum

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


In vitro, lanthanum is highly bound (>99%) to human plasma proteins, including human serum albumin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and transferrin. Binding to erythrocytes in vivo is negligible in rats.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


In studies in mice, rats and dogs, lanthanum concentrations in many tissues increased over time and were several orders of magnitude higher than plasma concentrations (particularly in the GI tract, bone and liver). Steady state tissue concentrations in bone and liver were achieved in dogs between 4 and 26 weeks. Relatively high levels of lanthanum remained in these tissues for longer than 6 months after cessation of dosing in dogs. There is no evidence from animal studies that lanthanum crosses the blood-brain barrier.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Lanthanum Carbonate (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.5 Metabolism/Metabolites

Lanthanum is not metabolized.


Lanthanum is not metabolized and is not a substrate of CYP450. In vitro metabolic inhibition studies showed that lanthanum at concentrations of 10 and 40 ug/mL does not have relevant inhibitory effects on any of the CYP450 isoenzymes tested (1A2, 2C9/10, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4/5).

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


5.6 Biological Half-Life

Elimination half-life of 53 hours.


Lanthanum was cleared from plasma following discontinuation of therapy with an elimination half-life 53 hours.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


... Estimates of elimination half-life from bone ranged from 2.0 to 3.6 years.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


5.7 Mechanism of Action

Lanthanum carbonate is a phosphate binder that reduces absorption of phosphate by forming insoluble lanthanum phosphate complexes that pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract unabsorbed. Both serum phosphate and calcium phosphate product are reduced as a consequence of the reduced dietary phosphate absorption.


Lanthanum carbonate dissociates in the acid environment of the upper GI tract to release lanthanum ions that bind dietary phosphate released from food during digestion. Lanthanum carbonate inhibits absorption of phosphate by forming highly insoluble lanthanum phosphate complexes, consequently reducing both serum phosphate and calcium phosphate product.

US Natl Inst Health; DailyMed. Current Medication Information for Fosrenol (Lanthanum carbonate) (January 2006). Available from, as of June 17, 2009: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=3132


The carbonate salt of lanthanum is practically insoluble in water but dissociates in the acidic environment of the upper GI tract to release trivalent lanthanum ions, which bind dietary phosphates released during digestion, thereby forming highly insoluble lanthanum phosphate complexes. Consequently, phosphate absorption, serum phosphorus concentrations, and serum calcium times phosphorus product (Ca X P) are reduced. Lanthanum ions have a high affinity for phosphate; in vitro studies indicate that when lanthanum is present at pH 3-5 (pH corresponding to that of gastric fluid) in twofold molar excess to phosphates, the drug binds about 97% of available phosphates.

American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009), p. 2755