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    Technical details about Lithium Citrate, learn more about the structure, uses, toxicity, action, side effects and more

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    Lithium Citrate

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    2D Structure
    1. Also known as: 919-16-4, Trilithium citrate, Litarex, Citric acid trilithium salt, Lithium citrate anhydrous, Lithium (citrate)
    Molecular Formula
    C6H5Li3O7
    Molecular Weight
    210.0  g/mol
    InChI Key
    WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K
    FDA UNII
    3655633623
    Lithium Citrate is the citrate salt of lithium, a monovalent cation with antimanic activity. Although the exact mechanism is unclear, lithium might exert its mood-stabilizing effect via reduction of catecholamine concentration mediated through transneuronal membrane transport of sodium ion by sodium-potassium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Na-K-ATPase). Alternatively, lithium may decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, which would desensitize hormonal-sensitive adenylyl cyclase receptors. Furthermore, lithium, in recommended dosage, blocks the activity of inositol-1-phosphatase, thereby resulting in the subsequent decrease of postsynaptic second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, that contribute to chronic cell stimulation by altering electrical activity in the neuron.
    1 2D Structure

    2D Structure

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    trilithium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3Li/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    WJSIUCDMWSDDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-K
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O
    2.2 Other Identifiers
    2.2.1 UNII
    3655633623
    2.3 Synonyms
    2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

    1. Litarex

    2. Monolithium Citrate

    2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. 919-16-4

    2. Trilithium Citrate

    3. Litarex

    4. Citric Acid Trilithium Salt

    5. Lithium Citrate Anhydrous

    6. Lithium (citrate)

    7. Citric Acid, Trilithium Salt

    8. Lithium Citrate (anhydrous)

    9. Lithium Citrate Tribasic Tetrahydrate

    10. 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid, 2-hydroxy-, Trilithium Salt

    11. Anhydrous Lithium Citrate

    12. Demalit; Litarex; Lithonate S

    13. 6680-58-6

    14. Demalit

    15. Chebi:64735

    16. Lithium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

    17. Trilithium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

    18. 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid, 2-hydroxy-, Lithium Salt (1:3)

    19. Einecs 213-045-8

    20. Citric Acid, Lithium Salt

    21. Trilithium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

    22. Einecs 233-819-9

    23. Anh. Lithium Citrate

    24. Unii-3655633623

    25. Lithium Citrate (anh.)

    26. Citric Acid,lithium Salt

    27. Lithium Citrate [mi]

    28. Spectrum1504269

    29. Chembl1201170

    30. Dtxsid70883185

    31. Hms1923k13

    32. Hms2093g04

    33. Lithium Citrate Tribasic 4-hydrate

    34. 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic Acid Lithium Salt (1:3)

    35. Akos015839591

    36. Akos015902460

    37. Ccg-213298

    38. Db14507

    39. Ncgc00095267-01

    40. Ncgc00095267-02

    41. 1313437-84-1

    42. Db-054961

    43. Ft-0636234

    44. Lithium2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate

    45. Lithium 3-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxy-5-oxopentanoate

    46. Q2351742

    2.4 Create Date
    2005-08-08
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 210.0 g/mol
    Molecular Formula C6H5Li3O7
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
    Rotatable Bond Count2
    Exact Mass210.0515378 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass210.0515378 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area141 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count16
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity211
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count4
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Drug Information
    1 of 2  
    Drug NameLithium citrate
    Active IngredientLithium citrate
    Dosage FormSyrup
    RouteOral
    Strengtheq 300mg carbonate/5ml
    Market StatusPrescription
    CompanyWockhardt; Roxane

    2 of 2  
    Drug NameLithium citrate
    Active IngredientLithium citrate
    Dosage FormSyrup
    RouteOral
    Strengtheq 300mg carbonate/5ml
    Market StatusPrescription
    CompanyWockhardt; Roxane

    4.2 Drug Indication

    Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment.

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 Pharmacology

    Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors.

    5.2 Mechanism of Action

    The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium.

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