1. 2-(acetyloxy)-n,n,n-trimethyl-1-propanaminium Chloride
2. Acetyl 2 Methylcholine Chloride
3. Acetyl Beta Methacholine Chloride
4. Acetyl Beta Methylcholine
5. Acetyl-2-methylcholine Chloride
6. Acetyl-beta-methacholine Chloride
7. Acetyl-beta-methylcholine
8. Chloride, Methacholine
9. Mecholine
10. Mecholyl
11. Methacholine Chloride
12. Provocholine
13. Provokit
1. Acetylmethylcholine
2. 55-92-5
3. Beta-methylacetylcholine
4. Acetyl-beta-methylcholine
5. Methacholine Ion
6. Mch; Mecholin
7. Methacholine Cation
8. Mecholin
9. Chebi:6804
10. Methacholin
11. Mecholine
12. 03v657zd3v
13. Methacholinum
14. Choline, Acetyl-beta-methyl-
15. Brn 1769932
16. Unii-03v657zd3v
17. 1-propanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-n,n,n-trimethyl-
18. Prestwick0_000759
19. Prestwick1_000759
20. Prestwick2_000759
21. Prestwick3_000759
22. Chembl978
23. Cid_6114
24. Methacholine [vandf]
25. Lopac0_000025
26. Schembl69103
27. Bspbio_000778
28. Bspbio_001985
29. Methacholine [who-dd]
30. Spbio_002717
31. Bpbio1_000856
32. Gtpl7438
33. Dtxsid2046967
34. Bdbm48918
35. 2-acetyloxypropyl-trimethylazanium
36. Ammonium, (2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-, Acetate (ester)
37. Pdsp1_000136
38. Pdsp2_000135
39. [2-(acetyloxy)propyl]trimethylazanium
40. Ccg-204121
41. Db06709
42. Ncgc00015045-03
43. Ncgc00015045-04
44. Ncgc00015045-06
45. Ncgc00015045-13
46. Ncgc00089798-02
47. 2-acetoxypropyl(trimethyl)ammonium;chloride
48. Sbi-0050014.p003
49. 2-acetyloxy-n,n,n-trimethylpropan-1-aminium
50. 2-acetyloxypropyl(trimethyl)ammonium;chloride
51. C07471
52. Q413188
53. 1-propanaminium, 2-(acetyloxy)-n,n,n-trimethyl-, (+/-)-
| Molecular Weight | 160.23 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C8H18NO2+ |
| XLogP3 | 0.6 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 4 |
| Exact Mass | 160.133753817 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 160.133753817 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 26.3 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 11 |
| Formal Charge | 1 |
| Complexity | 138 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 1 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
| 1 of 2 | |
|---|---|
| Drug Name | Provocholine |
| PubMed Health | Methacholine (By breathing) |
| Drug Classes | Diagnostic Agent, Bronchial |
| Drug Label | Provocholine (methacholine chloride powder for inhalation) is a parasympathomimetic (cholinergic)) bronchoconstrictor agent to be administered in solution only, by inhalation, for diagnostic purposes. Each 20 mL vial contains 100 mg of methacholine... |
| Active Ingredient | Methacholine chloride |
| Dosage Form | For solution |
| Route | Inhalation |
| Strength | 100mg/vial |
| Market Status | Prescription |
| Company | Methapharm |
| 2 of 2 | |
|---|---|
| Drug Name | Provocholine |
| PubMed Health | Methacholine (By breathing) |
| Drug Classes | Diagnostic Agent, Bronchial |
| Drug Label | Provocholine (methacholine chloride powder for inhalation) is a parasympathomimetic (cholinergic)) bronchoconstrictor agent to be administered in solution only, by inhalation, for diagnostic purposes. Each 20 mL vial contains 100 mg of methacholine... |
| Active Ingredient | Methacholine chloride |
| Dosage Form | For solution |
| Route | Inhalation |
| Strength | 100mg/vial |
| Market Status | Prescription |
| Company | Methapharm |
Methacholine is indicated in adult and pediatric patients aged five years and older without clinically apparent asthma for the diagnosis of bronchial airway hyperactivity via the methacholine challenge test.
Methacholine is a non-specific cholinergic agonist (parasympathomimetic) that acts through muscarinic receptors in the lungs to induce bronchoconstriction, which is more significant in patients with asthma than those without. Therefore, methacholine carries a risk of severe bronchoconstriction, especially in patients with pre-existing reduced pulmonary function (typically baseline FEV1 < 60% or < 1.5 L, at least in adults), clinically apparent asthma or wheezing, or other health conditions such as uncontrolled hypertension, aortic aneurysm, or history of myocardial infarction or stroke. Use in patients with epilepsy, vagotonia, peptic ulcer disease, thyroid disease, urinary tract obstruction or other conditions that could be adversely affected by a cholinergic agent is not recommended. Also, there is a potential risk to healthcare workers administering the methacholine challenge test; proper precautions and protective equipment should be used as needed.
Bronchoconstrictor Agents
Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole. (See all compounds classified as Bronchoconstrictor Agents.)
Miotics
Agents causing contraction of the pupil of the eye. Some sources use the term miotics only for the parasympathomimetics but any drug used to induce miosis is included here. (See all compounds classified as Miotics.)
Muscarinic Agonists
Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate. (See all compounds classified as Muscarinic Agonists.)
Parasympathomimetics
Drugs that mimic the effects of parasympathetic nervous system activity. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate muscarinic receptors and drugs that potentiate cholinergic activity, usually by slowing the breakdown of acetylcholine (CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS). Drugs that stimulate both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons (GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS) are not included here. (See all compounds classified as Parasympathomimetics.)
V - Various
V04 - Diagnostic agents
V04C - Other diagnostic agents
V04CX - Other diagnostic agents
V04CX03 - Methacholine
Asthma is a complicated condition associated with airway remodelling, including the proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) and altered extracellular matrix, aberrant pro-inflammatory immune responses, and excessive ASM contraction leading to decreased lung function. Excessive ASM contraction in response to contractile agonists, a phenomenon termed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), is a physical manifestation of the altered pulmonary physiology in asthma. Although numerous factors, such as increased ASM levels, pro-contractile molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors, contribute to AHR, one of the key factors in determining ASM tone is regulated by vagal parasympathetic nerve innervation. The response to acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists at these neuromuscular junctions is predominantly controlled by inhibitory Gi-coupled M2 and excitatory Gq-coupled M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Activation of M3 receptors results in ASM contraction and resulting bronchoconstriction through downstream calcium-dependent signalling pathways, while M2 activation inhibits neuronal acetylcholine release. Methacholine is a non-specific mAChR agonist, capable of acting on all mAChR subtypes. However, in the context of AHR, methacholine's ability to induce bronchoconstriction through M3 receptors is clinically relevant. In addition, M3 agonism may increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, further contributing to AHR. The inhibitory effect of M2 agonism by methacholine is likely also important, as shown by animal studies using mice with impaired M2 function, and by observations that eosinophilic inflammation, such as occurs in asthma, negatively impacts M2 function. Hence, asthmatic patients are more sensitive to inhaled cholinergic agonists such as methacholine; this forms the basis for the methacholine challenge test, which diagnoses AHR through an increased methacholine-induced response.
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