1. Anecotan
2. Methofluranum
3. Penthrane
4. Pentrane
1. 76-38-0
2. Methoxyfluran
3. Penthrane
4. Methoflurane
5. Anecotan
6. 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl Methyl Ether
7. Metoxifluran
8. Analgizer
9. Metoxfluran
10. Inhalan
11. 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane
12. Methoxane
13. Metofane
14. Pentrane
15. Methofane
16. Pentran
17. Methoxiflurane
18. Methoxifluranum
19. Ingalan
20. Methoxyfluoran
21. Metossiflurano [dcit]
22. Methoxyfluranum
23. Metoxiflurano
24. Ethane, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxy-
25. Methoxyfluranum [inn-latin]
26. Metoxiflurano [inn-spanish]
27. Nsc-110432
28. Methyl 1,1-difluoro-2,2-dichloroethyl Ether
29. Penthrox
30. (2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl) Methyl Ether
31. Ether, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl Methyl
32. Da-759
33. Chebi:6843
34. 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethylmethylether
35. 30905r8o7b
36. Penthrane (van)
37. Metofane (van)
38. Ncgc00168747-01
39. Metossiflurano
40. Penthrane (tn)
41. Ccris 5840
42. Hsdb 7201
43. Einecs 200-956-0
44. Methoxyflurane (usp/inn)
45. Methoxyflurane [anaesthetics, Volatile]
46. Brn 1737766
47. Methoxy Flurane
48. Unii-30905r8o7b
49. Methoxyflurane [usan:usp:inn:ban]
50. Wln: Gygxffo1
51. Dsstox_cid_5556
52. Methoxyflurane [mi]
53. Chembl1341
54. Dsstox_rid_77827
55. Methoxyflurane [inn]
56. Dsstox_gsid_25556
57. Methoxyflurane [hsdb]
58. Methoxyflurane [usan]
59. Methoxy Flurane [jan]
60. Methoxyflurane [vandf]
61. Schembl121229
62. 2,1-difluoro-1-methoxyethane
63. Methoxyflurane [mart.]
64. 2,1-difluoroethyl Methyl Ether
65. Gtpl7234
66. Methoxyflurane [usp-rs]
67. Methoxyflurane [who-dd]
68. Dtxsid7025556
69. Zinc896988
70. Methoxyflurane [green Book]
71. Hy-b0718
72. Tox21_112626
73. Mfcd00040144
74. Nsc110432
75. Methoxyflurane [usp Monograph]
76. Akos006228995
77. Db01028
78. Ks-5167
79. Cas-76-38-0
80. Ether,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl Methyl
81. Db-019611
82. Cs-0009624
83. Ethane,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-1-methoxy-
84. Benzenepropanoic Acid, 4-methoxy-.alpha.-oxo-
85. C07517
86. D00544
87. Q411594
88. Sr-01000944693
89. Sr-01000944693-1
| Molecular Weight | 164.96 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C3H4Cl2F2O |
| XLogP3 | 2.2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Exact Mass | 163.9607265 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 163.9607265 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 9.2 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 8 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 75.7 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
Anesthetic (inhalation).
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1073
(VET): Anesthetic.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1073
... Methoxyflurane /is/ indicated for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia . However, inhalation anesthetic agents are rarely used alone; other medications are frequently administered to induce or supplement anesthesia. /Included in US product labeling/
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
... Methoxyflurane ... /is/ indicated in low doses to provide analgesia for procedures not requiring loss of consciousness. /Included in US product labeling/
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for METHOXYFLURANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Inhalation anesthetics cross the placenta. Risk-benefit must be considered because studies (by retrospective survey) of operating room personnel chronically exposed to low concentrations of inhalation anesthetics indicate that pregnancies in female personnel and wives of male personnel may be subject to an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and possibly birth defects . However, the methods used in obtaining and interpreting the data in these studies have been questioned. /Inhalation anesthetics/
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
Because of potential nephrotoxicity, administration of methoxyflurane in concentrations sufficient to produce muscle relaxation is not recommended ; a neuromuscular blocking agent should be used concurrently if necessary. Also, it is recommended that methoxyflurane not be used during vascular surgery at or near renal blood vessels.
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
Caution needed in diabetes, uncontrolled or with polyuria or obesity; in renal function impairment of disease; or in toxemia of pregnancy, as methoxyflurane may increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
Monitoring of renal function may be needed to detect possible nephrotoxicity if patient's postoperative urine output is excessive.
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
Methoxyflurane, a general anesthetic, is a known nephrotoxin. A case is presented that demonstrated diffuse, bilateral renal cortical calcification on CT secondary to repeated methoxyflurane inhalation.
PMID:3335658 Brennan RP et al; J Comput Assist Tomogr 12 (1): 155-6 (1988)
For use in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
Treatment of acute pain
Methoxyflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173) (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics, Inhalation.)
N - Nervous system
N02 - Analgesics
N02B - Other analgesics and antipyretics
N02BG - Other analgesics and antipyretics
N02BG09 - Methoxyflurane
Elimination: Primary: 35% excreted unchanged by exhalation.
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
Inhalation anesthetics are rapidly absorbed into the circulation via the lungs. /Inhalation anesthetics/
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
The urinary fluoride ion concentration was compared in 2 series of parturients, the one receiving methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide analgesia during labor and the other nitrous oxide analgesia. Results showed that in the methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide analgesia series, both the mothers and the neonates showed a significantly higher urinary fluoride ion concentration in comparison to the nitrous analgesia series. The urinary fluoride concentration was related to the vaporized amount of methoxyflurane.
PMID:716954 Dahlgren BE; Acta Pharm Suec 15 (3): 211-7 (1978)
Hepatic.
Biotransformation - 50% of dose metabolized. A substantial quantity of inorganic fluoride is formed; also metabolized to other potentially nephrotoxic substances.
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
Methoxyflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Methoxyflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase. Methoxyflurane also binds to the GABA receptor, the large conductance Ca2+ activated potassium channel, the glutamate receptor and the glycine receptor.
Some halogenated agents, especially methoxyflurane, because of a higher level of fluoride production, induce a renal concentrating defect that could be related to an ascending limb impairment. The mechanisms of fluoride toxicity on an immortalized cell line /was investigated/. Cells were cultured for 2, 6 or 24 hr in the presence of fluoride. Toxicity evaluation was based on: cell numbers, protein content, leucine-incorporation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) releases, Na-K-ATPase and Na-K-2Cl activities, electron microscope studies. ... At 5 mmol after 24 hr, fluoride decreased cell numbers (-14%, *P < 0.05), protein content (-16%*), leucine incorporation (-54%*), Na-K-2Cl activity (-84%*), increased LDH (+145%*) and NAG release (+190%*). Na-K-ATPase was more sensitive and impaired from 1 mmol for 24hr and after 2 hr at 5 mmol. Crystal formation in mitochondria occurred after 6 hr at 5 mmol. Infra-red analysis and fluoride microdetermination established that crystals contained sodium, phosphate and fluoride. The results suggest that the Na-K-ATPase pump is a major target for fluoride toxicity in Henle's loop.
PMID:12095014 Cittanove ML et al; Eur J Anaesthesiol 19 (5): 341-9 (2002)
The precise mechanism by which inhalation anesthetics produce loss of perception of sensations and unconsciousness is not known. Inhaled anesthetics act at many areas in the CNS. The Meyer-Overton theory suggests that the site of action of inhalation anesthetics may be the lipid matrix of neuronal membranes or other lipophilic sites. Anesthetics may cause changes in membrane thickness, which in turn affect the gating properties of ion channels in neurons. Interference with the hydrophobic portion of neuronal ion channel membrane proteins may be an important mechanism. /Inhalation anesthetics/
Thomson.Micromedex. Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 24th ed. Volume 1. Plus Updates. Content Reviewed by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. Greenwood Village, CO. 2004.
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