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2D Structure
Also known as: 72599-27-0, N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, Zavesca, Butyldeoxynojirimycin, Nb-dnj, N-butylmoranoline
Molecular Formula
C10H21NO4
Molecular Weight
219.28  g/mol
InChI Key
UQRORFVVSGFNRO-UTINFBMNSA-N
FDA UNII
ADN3S497AZ

Miglustat is a synthetic, N-alkylated imino analogue of D-glucose. Miglustat competitively and reversibly binds to and inhibits the activity of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase, which catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of glycosphingolipids (GSL). This leads to a decrease in the production of glycosphingolipid, which has important roles in various cellular processes. Miglustat can be used in substrate reduction therapy in diseases in which the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, that is responsible for the breakdown of GSL, is deficient.
Miglustat is a Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of miglustat is as a Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor.
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C10H21NO4/c1-2-3-4-11-5-8(13)10(15)9(14)7(11)6-12/h7-10,12-15H,2-6H2,1H3/t7-,8+,9-,10-/m1/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
UQRORFVVSGFNRO-UTINFBMNSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CCCCN1CC(C(C(C1CO)O)O)O
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CCCCN1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1CO)O)O)O
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
ADN3S497AZ
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Butyldeoxynojirimycin

2. N-(n-butyl)deoxy-nojirimycin

3. N-(n-butyl)deoxynojirimycin

4. N-butyl Deoxynojirimycin

5. N-butyldeoxynojirimycin

6. Ogt 918

7. Ogt-918

8. Sc 48334

9. Sc-48334

10. Zavesca

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 72599-27-0

2. N-butyldeoxynojirimycin

3. Zavesca

4. Butyldeoxynojirimycin

5. Nb-dnj

6. N-butylmoranoline

7. (2r,3r,4r,5s)-1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol

8. N-butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin

9. Budnj

10. N-butyl Deoxynojirimycin

11. N-(n-butyl)deoxynojirimycin

12. Ogt 918

13. Sc-48334

14. Ogt-918

15. N-butyl-dnj

16. Sc 48334

17. 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2r,3r,4r,5s)-

18. N-butyldeoxynojirimycin.hcl

19. Adn3s497az

20. Chembl1029

21. Chebi:50381

22. 72599-27-0 (free Base)

23. N-butyl Dnj

24. Miglustat [usan]

25. Dsstox_cid_25618

26. Dsstox_rid_81006

27. Dsstox_gsid_45618

28. Miglustatum

29. Vevesca

30. Zavesca (tn)

31. Cas-72599-27-0

32. N-bu-dnj

33. N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin

34. Nbv

35. Unii-adn3s497az

36. Sc48334

37. Brazaves

38. N-(n-butyl)deoxy-nojirimycin

39. Miglustat [usan:inn:ban]

40. D-glucitol, 1,5-(butylimino)-1,5-dideoxy-

41. Ncgc00018140-02

42. Brazaves (tn)

43. Mfcd00272581

44. Miglustat [inn]

45. Miglustat [jan]

46. Miglustat [mi]

47. 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-n-butylimino-d-glucitol

48. Miglustat [vandf]

49. Miglustat [mart.]

50. Miglustat [who-dd]

51. N-(n-butyl)-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-d-glucitol

52. Miglustat [ema Epar]

53. Miglustat (jan/usan/inn)

54. Schembl246893

55. Ogt918n-butyldeoxynojirimycin

56. Gtpl4841

57. Ogt918

58. Miglustat [orange Book]

59. Dtxsid6045618

60. Bdbm18355

61. Hms2090n20

62. Zinc3794711

63. Tox21_110830

64. Akos028109118

65. Tox21_110830_1

66. Db00419

67. 3,4,5-piperidinetriol, 1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, (2r-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta))-

68. Ncgc00024452-03

69. Ncgc00024452-04

70. Hy-17020

71. N-(n-butyl)-1-deoxynojirimycin Min. 99%

72. N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, Film (dried In Situ)

73. D05032

74. P16976

75. Ab00489939-10

76. 1,5-(butylimino)-1,5 Dideoxy,d-glucitol

77. A850985

78. Q425911

79. Sr-01000000043

80. Sr-01000000043-2

81. W-203639

82. 1,5-(butylimino)-1,5-dideoxy-d-glucitol(2r,3r,4r,5s)-1-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-piperidinetriol

83. 134282-77-2

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-29
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 219.28 g/mol
Molecular Formula C10H21NO4
XLogP3-0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count5
Rotatable Bond Count4
Exact Mass219.14705815 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass219.14705815 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area84.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count15
Formal Charge0
Complexity190
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Information
1 of 2  
Drug NameZavesca
PubMed HealthMiglustat (By mouth)
Drug ClassesEndocrine-Metabolic Agent
Drug LabelZavesca (miglustat capsules, 100 mg) is an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, which is a glucosyl transferase enzyme responsible for the first step in the synthesis of most glycosphingolipids. Zavesca is an N-alkylated imino sugar, a...
Active IngredientMiglustat
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength100mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyActelion Pharms

2 of 2  
Drug NameZavesca
PubMed HealthMiglustat (By mouth)
Drug ClassesEndocrine-Metabolic Agent
Drug LabelZavesca (miglustat capsules, 100 mg) is an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, which is a glucosyl transferase enzyme responsible for the first step in the synthesis of most glycosphingolipids. Zavesca is an N-alkylated imino sugar, a...
Active IngredientMiglustat
Dosage FormCapsule
RouteOral
Strength100mg
Market StatusPrescription
CompanyActelion Pharms

4.2 Drug Indication

For the treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 (nonneuropathic) Gaucher's disease for whom enzyme replacement therapy is not a therapeutic option (e.g. due to constraints such as allergy, hypersensitivity, or poor venous access). Now approved in some countries for the treatment of progressive neurological symptoms in adult and pediatric patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C).


FDA Label


Miglustat Gen. Orph is indicated for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease.

Miglustat Gen. Orph may be used only in the treatment of patients for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable.

Miglustat Gen. Orph is indicated for the treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in adult patients and paediatric patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.


Yargesa is indicated for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease.

Yargesa may be used only in the treatment of patients for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable.

Yargesa is indicated for the treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in adult patients and paediatric patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.


Zavesca is indicated for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type-1 Gaucher disease. Zavesca may be used only in the treatment of patients for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable.

Zavesca is indicated for the treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in adult patients and paediatric patients with Niemann-Pick type-C disease.


Miglustat Dipharma is indicated for the oral treatment of adult patients with mild to moderate type 1 Gaucher disease.

Miglustat Dipharma may be used only in the treatment of patients for whom enzyme replacement therapy is unsuitable.

Miglustat Dipharma is indicated for the treatment of progressive neurological manifestations in adult patients and paediatric patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Miglustat, an N-alkylated imino sugar, is a synthetic analogue of D-glucose. Miglustat is an inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, which is a glucosyl transferase enzyme responsible for catalyzing the formation of glucosylceramide (glucocerebroside). Glucosylceramide is a substrate for the endogenous glucocerebrosidase, an enzyme that is deficient in Gaucher's disease. The accumulation of glucosylceramide due to the absence of glucocerebrosidase results in the storage of this material in the lysosomes of tissue macrophages, leading to widespread pathology due to infiltration of lipid-engorged macrophages in the viscera, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. This results in secondary hematologic consequences including sever anemia and thrombocytopenia, in addition to the characteristic progressive hepatosplenomegaly, as well as skeletal complications including osteonecrosis and osteopenia with secondary pathological fractures.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anti-HIV Agents

Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. (See all compounds classified as Anti-HIV Agents.)


Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors

Compounds that inhibit or block the activity of GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES such as ALPHA-AMYLASES and ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES. (See all compounds classified as Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors.)


Enzyme Inhibitors

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)


5.3 FDA Pharmacological Classification
5.3.1 Active Moiety
MIGLUSTAT
5.3.2 FDA UNII
ADN3S497AZ
5.3.3 Pharmacological Classes
Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors [MoA]; Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor [EPC]
5.4 ATC Code

A16AX06


A16AX06


A16AX06


A16AX06


A16AX06

S76 | LUXPHARMA | Pharmaceuticals Marketed in Luxembourg | Pharmaceuticals marketed in Luxembourg, as published by d'Gesondheetskeess (CNS, la caisse nationale de sante, www.cns.lu), mapped by name to structures using CompTox by R. Singh et al. (in prep.). List downloaded from https://cns.public.lu/en/legislations/textes-coordonnes/liste-med-comm.html. Dataset DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4587355


A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A16 - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products

A16A - Other alimentary tract and metabolism products

A16AX - Various alimentary tract and metabolism products

A16AX06 - Miglustat


5.5 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Mean oral bioavailability is 97%.


5.6 Metabolism/Metabolites

There is no evidence that miglustat is metabolized in humans.


5.7 Biological Half-Life

The effective half-life of miglustat is approximately 6 to 7 hours.


5.8 Mechanism of Action

Miglustat functions as a competitive and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase, the initial enzyme in a series of reactions which results in the synthesis of most glycosphingolipids. The goal of treatment with miglustat is to reduce the rate of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis so that the amount of glycosphingolipid substrate is reduced to a level which allows the residual activity of the deficient glucocerebrosidase enzyme to be more effective (substrate reduction therapy), reducing the accumulation of glucocerebroside in macrophages. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that miglustat can reduce the synthesis of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids. In clinical trials, miglustat improved liver and spleen volume, as well as hemoglobin concentration and platelet count. Inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis has also shown to reduce intracellular lipid storage, improve fluid-phase endosomal uptake and normalize lipid transport in peripheral blood B lymphocytes of NP-C patients, which results in a decrease in the potentially neurotoxic accumulation of gnagliosides GM2 and GM3, lactosylceramide and glucosylceramide, possibly preventing further neuronal damage. Other studies have also suggested that miglustat may indirectly modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis through its effects on glucosylceramide levels, and evidence has shown that an initiating factor in the pathogenesis of NP-C may be impaired calcium homeostasis related to sphingosine storage. Therefore, the effect that miglustat exerts on intracellular calcium levels may influence an important underlying pathogenic mechanism of NP-C.