1. Carbol
2. Carbolic Acid
3. Hydroxybenzene
4. Phenol, Sodium Salt
5. Phenolate Sodium
6. Phenolate, Sodium
7. Sodium Phenolate
1. 108-95-2
2. Carbolic Acid
3. Hydroxybenzene
4. Phenic Acid
5. Oxybenzene
6. Phenylic Acid
7. Phenylic Alcohol
8. Benzenol
9. Monophenol
10. Phenyl Hydrate
11. Phenyl Hydroxide
12. Phoh
13. Monohydroxybenzene
14. Phenyl Alcohol
15. Paoscle
16. Phenole
17. Izal
18. Phenol Alcohol
19. Phenol, Liquefied
20. Acide Carbolique
21. Phenosmolin
22. Fenolo
23. Phenol Homopolymer
24. Benzene, Hydroxy-
25. Carbolsaure
26. Fenosmolin
27. Fenosmoline
28. Fenol
29. Liquid Phenol
30. Carbolic Oil
31. Liquefied Phenol
32. Phenol, Pure
33. Fenolo [italian]
34. Phenole [german]
35. Rcra Waste Number U188
36. Campho-phenique Gel
37. Phenol [jan]
38. Phenic
39. Carbolsaure [german]
40. Campho-phenique Liquid
41. Nci-c50124
42. Liquified Phenol
43. Phenol, Molten
44. Baker's P & S Liquid & Ointment
45. Carbolicum Acidum
46. Fenol [dutch, Polish]
47. Baker's P And S Liquid And Ointment
48. Monohydroxy Benzene
49. Phenol, Sulfurated
50. Un 2812 (solution)
51. Un 2312 (molten)
52. Acide Carbolique [french]
53. Un 1671 (solid)
54. Nsc 36808
55. Campho-phenique Cold Sore Gel
56. Anbesol
57. Phenic Alcohol
58. Synthetic Phenol
59. 2-allphenol
60. Phenol, Dimer
61. Rcra Waste No. U188
62. Phenol, Liquified
63. Mfcd00002143
64. Un1671
65. Un2312
66. Un2821
67. Ai3-01814
68. Nsc-36808
69. Chembl14060
70. 339ncg44tv
71. Dtxsid5021124
72. Chebi:15882
73. Phenol (or Solutions With 5% Or More Phenol)
74. Ent-1814
75. 27073-41-2
76. Phenol, Solid [un1671] [poison]
77. Phenol, Molten [un2312] [poison]
78. Ncgc00091454-04
79. Phenol Solutions [un2821] [poison]
80. Dsstox_cid_1124
81. Phenol, >=99.0%
82. Dsstox_rid_75955
83. Dsstox_gsid_21124
84. 17442-59-0
85. 61788-41-8
86. Caswell No. 649
87. Phenylalcohol
88. Hydroxy Benzene
89. Phenol 100 Microg/ml In Methanol
90. Phenol, Liquid
91. Phenol, Solid
92. Baker's P And S
93. Cas-108-95-2
94. Ccris 504
95. Fema No. 3223
96. Hsdb 113
97. (14c)phenol
98. Phenol [usp:jan]
99. Phenol (2,3,4,5,6-d5)
100. Einecs 203-632-7
101. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 064001
102. Arenols
103. Unii-339ncg44tv
104. Benzophenol
105. Carbolsaeure
106. Karbolsaeure
107. Extracts, Coal Tar Oil Alk.
108. Acide Phenique
109. Hydroxy-benzene
110. Phenol Solution
111. Phenol Liquid
112. Phenol Molten
113. Phenol Solutions
114. Phenol Synthetic
115. Phenol,liquified
116. Phenolated Water
117. Pandy's Reagent
118. Cepastat Lozenges
119. Phenol, Labeled With Carbon-14
120. Phenol (liquid)
121. 2-phenyl Alcohol
122. Phenol, Synthetic
123. Phenol, Ultrapure
124. Phenol Acs Grade
125. Einecs 262-972-4
126. Paoscle (tn)
127. Carbolic Acid Liquid
128. Phenol Polymer-bound
129. Phenol (granulated)
130. Phenol (tn)
131. Phenol,(s)
132. Phenol, Acs Reagent
133. Carbolic Acid, Liquid
134. 1ai7
135. 1li2
136. 4i7l
137. Liquefied Phenol (tn)
138. Phenol [vandf]
139. Phenol [fhfi]
140. Phenol [hsdb]
141. Phenol [iarc]
142. Phenol [inci]
143. Phenol (jp17/usp)
144. Phenol [usp-rs]
145. Phenol [who-dd]
146. Phenol, Detached Crystals
147. Phenol [ii]
148. Phenol [mi]
149. Phenol, >=99%
150. Phenol [mart.]
151. Wln: Qr
152. Liquefied Phenol (jp17)
153. Bmse000290
154. Bmse010026
155. C6h5oh
156. Fenol(dutch, Polish)
157. Ec 203-632-7
158. Phenol, 80% In Ethanol
159. Phenol, Lr, >=99%
160. 63496-48-0
161. 65996-83-0
162. Mls001065591
163. Phenol, For Molecular Biology
164. Bidd:er0293
165. Phenol [ep Monograph]
166. Phenol For Disinfection (tn)
167. Phenol, Natural, 97%, Fg
168. Phenol [usp Monograph]
169. Cuticura Pain Relieving Ointment
170. Carbolicum Acidum [hpus]
171. Phenol, Ar, >=99.5%
172. Phenol,liquified [vandf]
173. Bdbm26187
174. Chebi:33853
175. Phenol For Disinfection (jp17)
176. Phenolated Water For Disinfection
177. Salicylic Acid Related Compound C
178. 3f39
179. Phenol 10 Microg/ml In Methanol
180. Phenol Solution, 1.0 M In Thf
181. Nsc36808
182. Zinc5133329
183. Phenol, Glass Distilled Under Argon
184. Tox21_113463
185. Tox21_201639
186. Tox21_300042
187. Phenol 1000 Microg/ml In Methanol
188. Phenol 5000 Microg/ml In Methanol
189. Phenol;phenol [jan];phenol, Pure;phenol Phenol [jan] Phenol, Pure
190. Stl194294
191. Akos000119025
192. Tox21_113463_1
193. Db03255
194. Na 2821
195. Phenol, Bioxtra, >=99.5% (gc)
196. Phenol, Saj First Grade, >=98.0%
197. Un 1671
198. Un 2312
199. Un 2821
200. Ncgc00091454-01
201. Ncgc00091454-02
202. Ncgc00091454-03
203. Ncgc00091454-05
204. Ncgc00091454-06
205. Ncgc00091454-07
206. Ncgc00254019-01
207. Ncgc00259188-01
208. Phenol Solution, 1 M In Dichloromethane
209. Phenol, Jis Special Grade, >=99.0%
210. 73607-76-8
211. Am802906
212. Bp-30160
213. Methyl Salicylate Impurity B [ep]
214. Smr000568492
215. Phenol 1000 Microg/ml In Dichloromethane
216. Phenol, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard
217. Liquified Phenol (contains 7-10 % Water)
218. Metacresol Impurity A [ep Impurity]
219. Ft-0645154
220. Ft-0673707
221. Ft-0693833
222. P1610
223. P2771
224. Phenol Stock Solution, 100 Mg/dl, Standard
225. C00146
226. D00033
227. Phenol, Unstabilized, Reagentplus(r), >=99%
228. Salicylic Acid Impurity C [ep Impurity]
229. Hexylresorcinol Impurity A [ep Impurity]
230. Phenol, P.a., Acs Reagent, 99.5-100.5%
231. Phenol, >=96.0% (calc. On Dry Substance, T)
232. Q130336
233. J-610001
234. Phenol, For Molecular Biology, ~90% (t), Liquid
235. F1908-0106
236. Phenol, Unstabilized, Purified By Redistillation, >=99%
237. Salicylic Acid Related Compound C [usp Impurity]
238. Phenol, Bioultra, For Molecular Biology, >=99.5% (gc)
239. Phenol, United States Pharmacopeia (usp) Reference Standard
240. Liquified Phenol, Meets Usp Testing Specifications, >=89.0%
241. Phenol, Bioultra, For Molecular Biology, Te-saturated, ~73% (t)
242. Phenol Solution, 5000 Mug/ml In Methanol, Certified Reference Material
243. Phenol Solution, Certified Reference Material, 500 Mug/ml In Methanol
244. Phenol, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Ph. Eur., 99.0-100.5%
245. P-hydroxy Polystyrene (100-200 Mesh, 0.5-1.5 Mmol/g)@crlfmfcd03703209
246. Phenol Solution, 100 Mug/ml In Acetonitrile, Pestanal(r), Analytical Standard
247. Phenol, Contains Hypophosphorous As Stabilizer, Loose Crystals, Acs Reagent, >=99.0%
248. Phenol, Puriss., Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph. Eur., Bp, Usp, 99.5-100.5% (gc)
249. Phenol Solution, Bioreagent, Equilibrated With 10??mm Tris Hcl, Ph??8.0, 1??mm Edta, For Molecular Biology
250. Phenol Solution, Bioreagent, Saturated With 0.1 M Citrate Buffer, Ph??4.3 +/- 0.2, For Molecular Biology
251. Phenol, Polymer-bound, 100-200 Mesh, Extent Of Labeling: 0.5-1.5 Mmol/g Loading, 1 % Cross-linked With Divinylbenzene
252. Phenol, Puriss., Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph. Eur., Bp, Usp, >=99.5% (gc), Crystalline (detached)
| Molecular Weight | 94.11 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C6H6O |
| XLogP3 | 1.5 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Exact Mass | 94.041864811 g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 94.041864811 g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 20.2 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 7 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 46.1 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Disinfectants; Sclerosing Solutions; Sympatholytics
National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)
Medication (Vet): Antiseptic caustic. Topical anesthetic in pruritic skin conditions. Has been used internally and externally as an antiseptic.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 1300
MEDICATION (VET): PHENOL HAS BEEN USED INTERNALLY AS ANTISEPTIC & GASTRIC ANESTHETIC ...
Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 443
DISINFECTANT & ANTISEPTIC (PRIMARILY FORMER USE)
SRI
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for PHENOL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Dil phenol solutions (1 to 2%) are used medicinally as antipruritic preparations for the skin. Their repeated use over large skin areas or on particularly moist areas (axillary region, groin, feet) should be avoided.
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. III-344
Soln of phenol (6%) in glycerine are sometimes employed in medical practice to produce nerve blocks. The spread of phenol beyond the intended site (stellate ganglion) resulted in infarction on the cervical cord with extensive paralysis in one patient and neurolosis of the cervical posterior roots with respiratory arrest in another.
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. III-344
... Phenol ... should be applied only on small areas of skin and occlusive dressings, bandages, or diapers should not be used.
American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986., p. 1527
Phenol should never be used in pregnant women, in infants under 6 mo, or for diaper rash.
American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986., p. 1527
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for PHENOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Ingestion of as little as 4.8 g of pure phenol caused death in 10 min.
NIOSH; Criteria Document: Phenol p.65 (1976) DHEW Pub NIOSH 76-196
Phenol is primarily indicated for minor sore throat pain, sore mouth, minor mouth irritation, and pain associated with canker sores. Additionally, phenol is indicated in the treatment of focal spasticity.
Sclerosing Solutions
Chemical agents injected into blood vessels and lymphatic sinuses to shrink or cause localized THROMBOSIS; FIBROSIS, and obliteration of the vessels. This treatment is applied in a number of conditions such as VARICOSE VEINS; HEMORRHOIDS; GASTRIC VARICES; ESOPHAGEAL VARICES; PEPTIC ULCER HEMORRHAGE. (See all compounds classified as Sclerosing Solutions.)
Disinfectants
Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) (See all compounds classified as Disinfectants.)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)
C - Cardiovascular system
C05 - Vasoprotectives
C05B - Antivaricose therapy
C05BB - Sclerosing agents for local injection
C05BB05 - Phenol
D - Dermatologicals
D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants
D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants
D08AE - Phenol and derivatives
D08AE03 - Phenol
N - Nervous system
N01 - Anesthetics
N01B - Anesthetics, local
N01BX - Other local anesthetics
N01BX03 - Phenol
R - Respiratory system
R02 - Throat preparations
R02A - Throat preparations
R02AA - Antiseptics
R02AA19 - Phenol
Absorption
Phenol is rapidly absorbed through the skin and into the lungs.
Route of Elimination
The kidney is the primary route of elimination of phenol.
Volume of Distribution
At I5 min after exposure, the liver contained the highest level of phenol, consisting mainly of free phenol. After 82 minutes post administration, phenol is uniformly distributed in the liver, blood, kidneys, lungs, along with the heart, testes, thymus and the spleen. With the passage of time, the proportion of free to conjugated phenol changed. By 360 minutes most phenol appears in conjugated forms.
Clearance
In rabbits, 72% is excreted in the urine, 1% in the feces, 4% in the carcass following sacrifice, and trace amounts were exhaled.
Phenol is absorbed by all routes of administration and can reach circulation even when applied to intact skin.
Gilman, A. G., L. S. Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1980., p. 967
Absorption of 2 g of phenol could result from 8 hr inhalation at about 50 ppm.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values, 4th ed., 1980. Cincinnati, Ohio: American Conference of Governmmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., 1980., p. 328
The extent of absorption of phenol through rabbit skin is more strongly influenced by the area of the skin exposed than by the concentration of the applied solution in water.
WHO; Environ Health Criteria 161: Phenol (1994). Available from, as of April 1, 2003: https://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc161.htm#PartNumber:6
Renal excretion is principal route of elimination. ... In man 90% of non-toxic oral dose (0.01 mg/kg) of (14)C-labeled phenol was excreted in 24 hr, principally as sulfate (77% of the excreted label) and as glucuronide (16%), with small amt of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of ... hydroquinone. With larger doses, free (unmetabolized) phenol can presumably be found in urine.
Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984., p. III-346
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for PHENOL (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Phenyl sulfate, phenyl glucuronide, quinol sulfate, and quinol glucuronide were detected in human beings as phenol metabolites.
Phenols are subjected to oxidative metabolism leading to ortho- and para-hydroxylated products. These metabolites are then transformed into equimolar amounts of two conjugates, sulfates and glucuronides.
Britt DL, Hushon JM; Biol Effects, Crit and Stand Haz Pollut Assoc Energy Technol p.29 (1976)
Metabolism in rabbits given a lethal dose of phenol (0.5 g/kg) resulted in: 47% oxidation to carbon dioxide and water plus traces of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and ortho-dihydroxybenzene, 3% excreted in urine, 50% remaining in the carcass. Amounts were exhaled in air and excreted in in the feces. Metabolism in rabbits given a sublethal dose of phenol (0.3 g/kg) resulted in: 23% oxidation to carbon dioxide and water plus traces of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene and ortho-dihydroxybenzene, 72% excreted in the urine, 4% remaining in the carcass, 1% excreted in the feces, and trace amounts exhaled in air. Urinary route resulted in either excretion as free phenol or as conjugate. (Conjugation with sulfuric acid, glucuronic acid or other acids). /From figure/
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Phenol p.C-16-19 (1980) EPA 440/5-80-066
The cat was shown to be sensitive to phenol. In addition to sulfate conjugates, free 1,4-dihydroxybenzene was found as a major metabolite which may account for the toxicity observed in the cat.
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Phenol p.C-19 (1980) EPA 440/5-80-066
Some species differences have been noted in the metabolism of phenol. Man, rat, mouse, jerboa, gerbil, hamster, lemming, and guinea pig excreted four metabolites: sulfate and glucuronic acid conjugates of phenol and of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene. The squirrel and capuchin monkeys excreted phenol glucuronide, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene glucuronide, and phenol sulfate. The ferret, dog, hedgehog, and rabbit excreted phenol sulfate, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene sulfate, and phenyl glucuronide. The Rhesus monkey, fruit bat, and chicken excreted phenyl sulfate and phenyl glucuronide but not 1,4-dihydroxybenzene conjugates. The cat excreted only phenyl sulfate and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene sulfate, and the pig excreted phenyl glucuronide as its major phenol metabolite. Relatively low doses were utilized in this study.
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Phenol p.C-16-19 (1980) EPA 440/5-80-066
For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for PHENOL (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Phenol has known human metabolites that include Catechol and Hydroquinone.
Phenol is a known human metabolite of benzene.
S73 | METXBIODB | Metabolite Reaction Database from BioTransformer | DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4056560
Urine: 3.5 hours; [TDR, p. 1020]
TDR - Ryan RP, Terry CE, Leffingwell SS (eds). Toxicology Desk Reference: The Toxic Exposure and Medical Monitoring Index, 5th Ed. Washington DC: Taylor & Francis, 1999., p. 1020
Elimination half-life was 13.86 hours, considerably longer than previously reported /in a 47 yr old male with accidental dermal exposure to his left foot (3% of body surface area)/.
PMID:9865239 Bentur Y et al; J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 36 (7): 707-11 (1998)
The excretion of phenol was studied in human volunteers exposed to phenol by inhalation or skin absorption. The human body behaved almost like a single compartment with respect to phenol absorption and clearance with an excretion rate constant of K= 0.2/hr This corresponds to a half-life of approximately 3.5 hours.
USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Phenol p.C-20 (1980) EPA 440/5-80-066
Phenol is a potent proteolytic agent. Concentrations in the 5% to 7% range dissolve tissue on contact via proteolysis. In high concentrations when injected next to a nerve, phenol produces a chemical neurolysis which is nonselective across nerve fiber size and most prominent on its outer aspect. Local anesthetic effects occur within 5-10 minutes.
The effects of monoamine depletors and monoamine denervators on phenol induced tremor were studied in mice. The tremor induced by phenol was enhanced by pretreatment with reserpine or tetrabenazine, but not with syrosingopine. However, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, p-chlorophenylalanine or 6-hydroxydopamine did not affect the tremor. These results suggest that the depletion of central monoamines as a whole contribute to the enhancement of the tremor induced by phenol.
PMID:3975240 Suzuki T, Kisara K; Pharmacol Biochem Behav 22 (1): 153-5 (1985)
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