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    Sazio

    FINISHED DOSAGE FORMULATIONS

    PharmaCompass
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    2D Structure
    Also known as: Kelacid, Sazio, Gum levan, Levan gum, E400
    Molecular Formula
    C12H20O12P2
    Molecular Weight
    418.23  g/mol
    InChI Key
    FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    Salts and esters of ALGINIC ACID that are used as HYDROGELS; DENTAL IMPRESSION MATERIALS, and as absorbent materials for surgical dressings (BANDAGES, HYDROCOLLOID). They are also used to manufacture MICROSPHERES and NANOPARTICLES for DIAGNOSTIC REAGENT KITS and DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS.
    1 2D Structure

    2D Structure

    2 Identification
    2.1 Computed Descriptors
    2.1.1 IUPAC Name
    3-(6-carboxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-phosphanyloxan-2-yl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-phosphanyloxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    2.1.2 InChI
    InChI=1S/C12H20O12P2/c13-1-3(15)12(24-26)22-6(9(17)18)5(1)21-11-4(16)2(14)8(25)7(23-11)10(19)20/h1-8,11-16H,25-26H2,(H,17,18)(H,19,20)
    2.1.3 InChI Key
    FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
    2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
    C1(C(C(OC(C1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)C(=O)O)P)O)O)C(=O)O)OP)O)O
    2.2 Synonyms
    2.2.1 MeSH Synonyms

    1. Alginate, Barium

    2. Alginate, Calcium

    3. Alginate, Copper

    4. Alginate, Potassium

    5. Alginate, Sodium

    6. Alginate, Sodium Calcium

    7. Alginates

    8. Alginic Acid, Barium Salt

    9. Alginic Acid, Calcium Salt

    10. Alginic Acid, Copper Salt

    11. Alginic Acid, Potassium Salt

    12. Alginic Acid, Sodium Salt

    13. Alloid G

    14. Barium Alginate

    15. Calcium Alginate

    16. Calcium Alginate, Sodium

    17. Calginat

    18. Copper Alginate

    19. Kalrostat

    20. Kalrostat 2

    21. Kaltostat

    22. Poly(mannuronic Acid), Sodium Salt

    23. Potassium Alginate

    24. Sodium Alginate

    25. Sodium Calcium Alginate

    26. Vocoloid

    27. Xantalgin

    2.2.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

    1. Kelacid

    2. Sazio

    3. Gum Levan

    4. Levan Gum

    5. E400

    2.3 Create Date
    2017-10-31
    3 Chemical and Physical Properties
    Molecular Weight 418.23 g/mol
    Molecular Formula C12H20O12P2
    XLogP3-4
    Hydrogen Bond Donor Count6
    Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count12
    Rotatable Bond Count5
    Exact Mass418.04300006 g/mol
    Monoisotopic Mass418.04300006 g/mol
    Topological Polar Surface Area192 Ų
    Heavy Atom Count26
    Formal Charge0
    Complexity534
    Isotope Atom Count0
    Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count10
    Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
    Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
    4 Drug and Medication Information
    4.1 Drug Indication

    Indicated for the management of gastric reflux, reflux oesophagitis, hiatus hernia, heartburn (including heartburn of pregnancy) and similar gastric distress.

    5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
    5.1 Pharmacology

    Alginic acid reduces reflux via its floating, foaming, and viscous properties. Alginic acid precipitates upon contact with gastric acid to create a mechanical barrier, or a "raft", that displaces the postprandial acid pocket. The formation of a raft is thought to occur rapidly, often within a few seconds of dosing. In clinical trials, alginic acid was effective in reducing the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In healthy volunteers, alginic acid in combination with an antacid was effective in decreasing postprandial reflux in the upright position. Alginic acid is able to bind to cations when ingested.

    5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

    Absorption

    The absorption into the systemic circulation from oral formulations of alginic acid is reported to be minimal, as the mode of action of alginic acid is physical.

    Route of Elimination

    This pharmacokinetic parameter is unlikely to apply for alginic acid.

    Volume of Distribution

    This pharmacokinetic parameter is unlikely to apply for alginic acid.

    Clearance

    This pharmacokinetic parameter is unlikely to apply for alginic acid.

    5.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

    This pharmacokinetic parameter is unlikely to apply for alginic acid.

    5.4 Biological Half-Life

    This pharmacokinetic parameter is unlikely to apply for alginic acid.

    5.5 Mechanism of Action

    Once orally administered, alginic acid reacts with gastric acid to form a floating "raft" of alginic acid gel on the gastric acid pool. Alginate-based raft-forming formulations commonly contain sodium or bicarbonate; bicarbonate ions are converted to carbon dioxide in presence of gastric acid and get entrapped within the gel precipitate, converting it into a foam which floats on the surface of the gastric contents, much like a raft on water. The "raft" has a near neutral pH due to carbon dioxide and floats on the stomach contents and potentially functions as a barrier to impede gastroesophageal reflux. In severe cases, the raft itself may be refluxed into the oesophagus in preference to the stomach contents and exert a demulcent effect.