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2D Structure
Also known as: 7761-88-8, Silver(i) nitrate, Silvernitrate, Argenti nitras, Nitric acid silver(i) salt, Nitrate d'argent
Molecular Formula
AgNO3
Molecular Weight
169.873  g/mol
InChI Key
SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FDA UNII
95IT3W8JZE

A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
silver;nitrate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/Ag.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1
2.1.3 InChI Key
SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Ag+]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
95IT3W8JZE
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Alcoholic Silver Nitrate

2. Silver Nitrate, Alcoholic

3. Silver Nitrate, Silver (2+) Salt (2:1)

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. 7761-88-8

2. Silver(i) Nitrate

3. Silvernitrate

4. Argenti Nitras

5. Nitric Acid Silver(i) Salt

6. Nitrate D'argent

7. Silver(1+) Nitrate

8. Silver Mononitrate

9. Nitric Acid Silver(1+) Salt

10. Agno3

11. Nitrato De Plata

12. Argentum Nitricum

13. 95it3w8jze

14. Silbernitrat

15. Chebi:32130

16. Nsc-135800

17. Silver Nitrate Solution

18. Argerol

19. Nitric Acid Silver (1+) Salt

20. Silver Nitrate(dot)

21. Caswell No. 737

22. Silver Nitrate [jan]

23. Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.25n

24. Silver, Reference Standard Solution

25. Mfcd00003414

26. Nitrate D'argent [french]

27. Nitrato De Plata [spanish]

28. Hsdb 685

29. Uts Silverator Water Treatment Unit

30. Einecs 231-853-9

31. Un1493

32. Unii-95it3w8jze

33. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 072503

34. Nitric Acid Silver(1+) Salt (1:1)

35. Nsc 135800

36. Silver Nitrate, Acs

37. Silver Nitrate [usp:jan]

38. Silver;nitrate

39. Silver Nitrate-

40. Nitrato De Prata

41. Silver(i)nitrate

42. Nitric Acid, Silver (1+) Salt

43. Nitrato D'argento

44. Silver Nitrate Bp

45. Silver Nitrate Ip

46. Silver Nitrate Usp

47. Silver (i) Nitrate

48. Silver (1) Nitrate

49. Silver (1+) Salt

50. Silver Nitrate (tn)

51. Silver (1+) Nitrate

52. Silver Nitrate Acs Grade

53. Silver Nitrate Concentrate

54. Silver Nitrate, Premion?

55. Ec 231-853-9

56. Silver Nitrate [mi]

57. Silver Nitrate, Acs Reagent

58. Silver Nitrate (jp17/usp)

59. Silver Nitrate [hsdb]

60. Silver Nitrate [inci]

61. Silver Nitrate, Ag 63.3%

62. Ag (n O3)

63. Silver Nitrate [vandf]

64. Chembl177367

65. Silver Nitrate [mart.]

66. Argentum Nitricum [hpus]

67. Dtxsid3032042

68. Silver Nitrate [who-dd]

69. Silver Nitrate [who-ip]

70. Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.1 M

71. Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.01 M

72. Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.02 M

73. Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.05 M

74. Silver Nitrate, Ar, >=99.9%

75. Silver Nitrate, Lr, >=99.5%

76. Silver Nitrate [ep Monograph]

77. Silver Nitrate [usp Impurity]

78. Silver Nitrate Solution, 0.0282 M

79. Akos015833341

80. Argenti Nitras [who-ip Latin]

81. At27248

82. Db11080

83. Silver(1+) Nitrate [who-ip]

84. Silver Nitrate Solution, 20 % (w/v)

85. Silver Nitrate [un1493] [oxidizer]

86. Bp-30056

87. Silver Nitrate, Acs Reagent, >=99.0%

88. Silver Nitrate, 0.1n Standardized Solution

89. Silver Nitrate, 1.0n Standardized Solution

90. Silver Nitrate, Bioxtra, >99% (titration)

91. Silver Nitrate, Tested According To Ph.eur.

92. Silver Nitrate, Saj First Grade, >=99.8%

93. Silver Nitrate, Trace Metals Grade,99.995%

94. D01730

95. Silver Nitrate, 99.9999% Trace Metals Basis

96. Silver Nitrate, Jis Special Grade, >=99.8%

97. Silver Nitrate, Meets Usp Testing Specifications

98. Toughened Silver Nitrate [usp Monograph]

99. Q207442

100. Silver Nitrate, Puriss. P.a., >=99.5% (at)

101. Sr-01000944542

102. Sr-01000944542-1

103. Silver Nitrate Solution, 2.5 % (w/v) Agno3 In H2o

104. Silver Nitrate, Anhydrous, 99.999% Trace Metals Basis

105. Silver Nitrate, P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, 99.8%

106. Silver Nitrate, Reagentplus(r), >=99.0% (titration)

107. Assay-isotopic Standard For Silver, Nist(r) Srm(r) 978a

108. Silver Standard For Icp, For Icp, Ready-to-use, In Nitric Acid

109. Silver Standard For Aas, Ready-to-use, Traceable To Bam, In Nitric Acid

110. Silver Nitrate On Silica Gel, Extent Of Labeling: ~10 Wt. % Loading, +230 Mesh

111. Silver Nitrate, Acculute Standard Volumetric Solution, Final Concentration 0.1n

112. Silver Nitrate, Acculute Standard Volumetric Solution, Final Concentration 0.282n

113. Silver Nitrate, Bioreagent, Suitable For Plant Cell Culture, >99% (titration)

114. Silver Nitrate, Meets Analytical Specification Of Ph. Eur., Bp, Usp, 99.8-100.5%

115. Silver Nitrate, Puriss. P.a., Acs Reagent, Reag. Iso, Reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.8%

116. Silver Atomic Spectroscopy Standard Concentrate 1.00 G Ag, 1.00 G/l, For 1l Standard Solution

117. Silver Standard Solution, Suitable For Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, 1 Mg/ml Ag, 1000 Ppm Ag

2.4 Create Date
2005-06-24
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 169.873 g/mol
Molecular Formula AgNO3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count3
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass168.89291 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass168.89291 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area62.9 Ų
Heavy Atom Count5
Formal Charge0
Complexity18.8
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count2
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 1999)


SILVER NITRATE AS 0.5% SOLN IS USED IN TREATMENT OF EXTENSIVE BURNS, USUALLY IN CONJUNCTION WITH GENTAMICIN, KANAMYCIN, & OR MAFENIDE.

Gilman, A.G., L.S.Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 7th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1985., p. 966


MEDICATION (VET): 1% AQ SOLN HAS ... ASTRINGENT & ANTISEPTIC FUNCTIONS & IS USED IN SINUSES OF TURKEYS, DAILY ON ULCERATED OR INFLAMED CORNEAS & CONJUNCTIVAL TISSUE (0.5-1.0%) OF FISH, CATTLE OR DOGS WHERE IT ALSO DESTROYS THELAZIA NEMATODES ... & TOPICALLY ON BURNS (0.5-1.0%). STRONGER SOLN ... TOPICALLY ON STOMATITIS LESIONS OF CATTLES ... .

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 527


/SRP: FORMER/ MEDICATION (VET): 50 ML OF 0.5% SOLN INTRAUTERINE HAS BEEN RECOMMENDED IN ENDOMETRITIS OF COWS. GLYCERINATED SOLN ... CAN BE USED TO DESTROY PATENT URACHUS IN FOALS. WEAK SOLN (1%) CAN BE USED ORALLY TO CONTROL GASTRIC BLEEDING, & IT /HAS BEEN/ ... USED AS INTESTINAL ANTISEPTIC.

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 527


For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for SILVER NITRATE (23 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


4.2 Drug Warning

VET: STRONG SOLN OR "STICKS" ARE NO LONGER CONSIDERED SAFE FOR CAUTERY OF CORNEAL ULCERS.

Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974., p. 527


THE COMPOUND HAS ... BEEN USED IN TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC WOUNDS, BUT PRESENT EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT SILVER NITRATE MAY ACTUALLY INCREASE INFECTION RATE.

Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack Publishing Co., 1980., p. 1108


MOST IMPORTANT ADVERSE EFFECT OF BURN THERAPY USING SILVER NITRATE IS DEPLETION OF CHLORIDE CAUSED BY PRECIPITATION OF INSOL SILVER CHLORIDE; THIS IS ... LIKELY TO OCCUR IF ... APPLIED TO EXTENSIVE AREAS OVER PROLONGED PERIODS. ... SMALL AMT MAY BE ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN OVER PROLONGED PERIODS, RESULTING IN ARGYRIA ... .

American Medical Association, AMA Department of Drugs, AMA Drug Evaluations. 3rd ed. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Publishing Co., Inc., 1977., p. 897


... SILVER NITRATE MAY CAUSE SEVERE LOCAL IRRITATION /WHEN EMPLOYED FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM/.

American Medical Association, AMA Department of Drugs, AMA Drug Evaluations. 3rd ed. Littleton, Massachusetts: PSG Publishing Co., Inc., 1977., p. 955


For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for SILVER NITRATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Infective Agents, Local.)


5.2 ATC Code

D - Dermatologicals

D08 - Antiseptics and disinfectants

D08A - Antiseptics and disinfectants

D08AL - Silver compounds

D08AL01 - Silver nitrate


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

SILVER, AS AG NITRATE, IS ABSORBED FROM THE RESP & GI TRACTS ... ABSORPTION OF SILVER NITRATE THROUGH THE INTACT SKIN IS OF NO PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, HOWEVER, SOME ABSORPTION THROUGH MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE & THROAT PROBABLY OCCURS. ABSORBED SILVER IS TENACIOUSLY RETAINED ... IN ELASTIC TISSUES THROUGHOUT THE BODY.

Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982., p. 1889


... Silver in brain and spinal cord sections from rats treated with ... silver nitrate was visualized by physical appearance. The silver penetrated the blood brain barrier and accumulated in the neurons and glia. The distribution of silver in the central nervous system was heterogeneous. Even with low doses and short survival periods, silver accumulated in large motorneurons in the brain stem and spinal cord and in the neurons in the cerebellar nuclei. Silver was only found in the diecenphalic and telecenphalic structures after extensive exposure. Silver distribution following oral ... AgNO3 treatment ... resulted in a relatively high content of silver in the glia. ... Electron microscopic studies /revealed/ ... silver ... intracellularly in the lysosomes and extracellularly in basement membranes and elastic fibers of the vessels.

PMID:6880627 Rungby J, Danscher G; Acta Neuropathol 60 (1-2): 92-8 (1983)


All forms of silver are cumulative once they enter body tissues, and very little is excreted.

Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 1985. 2nd ed. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation, 1985., p. 789


In argyric rats given 0.5 percent silver nitrate in their drinking water for nine months, silver was especially found in lysosomes of the liver's Kupffer cells, at the basal membrane of the capillaries, and the connective tissue cells of the pancreas.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Silver p.C-49 (1980) EPA 440/5-80-071


For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SILVER NITRATE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.


5.4 Metabolism/Metabolites

/The investigators/ reported that rats injected iv with radioactive silver nitrate excreted silver in the bile mainly bound to a low molecular-wt complex which appeared to be glutathione.

Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Kessler, E. and Vouk, V.B. (eds). Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. Vols I, II.: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986., p. V2 525


A marked variation in biliary excretion was observed in different species administered silver as silver nitrate in a single iv injection at 0.1 mg/kg of silver over a 2 hour period ... . Thirty minutes after treatment, male Sprague Dawley rats excreted silver into the bile at a rate of 0.25 ug/min/kg, New Zealand White male rabbits excreted 0.05 ug/min/kg, and mongrel male dogs excreted 0.005 ug/min/kg. The concentration of silver in the plasma was markedly lower in the dog than in the rat or rabbit, indicating a larger volume of distribution in the dog. This variation appears to be attributable to differences in the transfer of silver from liver to bile. The species with the lowest biliary excretion rate (dog) had the highest liver concentration of silver (rat 1.24, rabbit = 2.13 and dog = 2.9 ug silver/g liver). In all species, the concentration of silver in the bile was greater than that in plasma with no observable dose gradient, thereby indicating an active transport process and a saturable mechanism.

USEPA; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Silver. Washington, DC: USEPA, Off Pest Prog. USEPA 738-R-94-021, p.12 Sept 1992. Available from, as of Feb 24, 2002: https://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm


5.5 Biological Half-Life

Silver injected into rats as radioactive silver nitrate had a half-time of 2.2 days. ... For rats given a single ip injection of radioactive silver nitrate, a 50% reduction in radioactivity of whole blood, plasma, kidney, & liver after approx 40 hr. A 50% reduction in the radioactivity content of spleen occurred after about 70 hr while that of brain took about 84 hr. The biological half-time of silver in the lungs of a human exposed to silver has been estimated to be 1 day, while that in the liver was 52 days.

Friberg, L., Nordberg, G.F., Kessler, E. and Vouk, V.B. (eds). Handbook of the Toxicology of Metals. 2nd ed. Vols I, II.: Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986., p. V2 525


The biphasic elimination half-times after silver nitrate ingestion by monkeys were 0.3 & 3 days.

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1991., p. 1397


Whole-body retention studies in mice and monkeys following oral dosing with radiolabeled silver nitrate indicate that silver excretion in these species follows a biexponential profile with biological half-lives of 0.1 and 1.6 days in mice and 0.3 and 3 days in monkeys. In similarly exposed rats and dogs, silver excretion followed a triexponential profile with biological half-lives of 0.1, 0.7, and 5.9 days in rats and 0.1, 7.6, and 33.8 days in dogs .. .

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Silver p. 31 TP-90-24 (1990)


5.6 Mechanism of Action

To elucidate the possible mechanism of initiation of lipid peroxidation in silver nitrate treated erythrocytes, the effect of AgNO3 on Hb catalyzed peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes was studied. Ag+ significantly increases the rate of Hb-catalyzed peroxidation. The inhibition of this effect by superoxide dismutase and catalase suggests that superoxide radical and H2O2 are involved. It was demonstrated also that Ag+ potentiates the Hb autoxidation and increases the binding of Hb to the erythrocyte membrane.

PMID:3707552 Ribarov S et al; Biomed Biochim Acta 45 (3): 321-30 (1986)


Silver nitrate exhibits antiseptic, germicidal, astringent, and caustic or escharotic activity. These effects may result from silver ions readily combining with sulfhydryl, carboxyl, phosphate, amino, and other biologically important chemical groups. When silver ions interact with proteins, physical properties of the protein are usually altered; the protein may be denatured and precipitation usually occurs. Silver ions act on the surface of bacteria causing substantial changes in the cell wall and membrane. The germicidal activity of silver nitrate may be attributed to precipitation of bacterial proteins by liberated silver ions.

American Hospital Formulary Service-Drug Information 88. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1988 (Plus supplements)., p. 1529