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2D Structure
Also known as: Caustic soda, 1310-73-2, Sodium hydrate, Aetznatron, Soda lye, White caustic
Molecular Formula
HNaO
Molecular Weight
39.997  g/mol
InChI Key
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
FDA UNII
55X04QC32I

A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
1 2D Structure

2D Structure

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
sodium;hydroxide
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
2.1.3 InChI Key
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
[OH-].[Na+]
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
55X04QC32I
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. Caustic Soda

2. Hydroxide, Sodium

3. Soda, Caustic

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. Caustic Soda

2. 1310-73-2

3. Sodium Hydrate

4. Aetznatron

5. Soda Lye

6. White Caustic

7. Ascarite

8. Soda, Caustic

9. Natriumhydroxid

10. Rohrputz

11. Sodium Hydroxide Solution

12. Plung

13. Collo-grillrein

14. Liquid-plumr

15. Caustic Soda Solution

16. Collo-tapetta

17. Fuers Rohr

18. Sodium Hydroxide (na(oh))

19. Rohrreiniger Rofix

20. Naoh

21. Hydroxyde De Sodium

22. Natriumhydroxyde

23. Sodium Hydroxide Dimer

24. White Caustic Solution

25. Sodium;hydroxide

26. Sodium Hydrate Solution

27. Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets

28. Sodio(idrossido Di)

29. Sodium(hydroxyde De)

30. Stamperprep

31. Sodium Hydroxide (na2(oh)2)

32. Tosoh Pearl

33. Lye

34. Mfcd00003548

35. Promoter 3308b

36. Sodium Hydroxide, Flake

37. Sodium Hydroxide, Pearl

38. Sodium Hydroxide, Solid

39. Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

40. Nsc-135799

41. Chebi:32145

42. Ins-524

43. 55x04qc32i

44. E-524

45. Soda, Hydrate

46. Natrium Causticum

47. Soda, Kaustische

48. Na (o H)

49. Buffer Solution, Ph 8.00

50. Lewis-red Devil Lye

51. Caustic Soda, Liquid

52. Caswell No. 773

53. Sodiumhydroxide

54. Natriumhydroxid [german]

55. Natriumhydroxyde [dutch]

56. Natrium-hydroxid, Reinstes

57. Un 1823 (solid)

58. Un 1824 (solution)

59. Hydroxyde De Sodium [french]

60. Hsdb 229

61. Sodio(idrossido Di) [italian]

62. Sodium(hydroxyde De) [french]

63. Sodium Hydroxide [nf]

64. Einecs 215-185-5

65. Un1823

66. Un1824

67. Epa Pesticide Chemical Code 075603

68. Nsc 135799

69. Sodiumhydroxid

70. Hydroxyl Sodium

71. Sodium Hydoxide

72. Sodium Hydroxid

73. Sodium Hyroxide

74. Soude Caustique

75. Unii-55x04qc32i

76. Hydroxide Sodium

77. Lye Solution

78. Sodium Hidroxide

79. Sodium Hydroxyde

80. Sodium-hydroxide

81. Natrii Hydroxydum

82. Caustic Soda, Dry

83. Caustic Soda Flake

84. Caustic Soda, Lye

85. Caustic Soda, Bead

86. Caustic Soda, Flake

87. Caustic Soda, Solid

88. Caustic Soda 50%

89. Sodium Hydroxide, Dry

90. 81133-20-2

91. Sodium Hydroxide Beads

92. Caustic Soda, Granular

93. Sodium Hydroxide Liquid

94. Sodium Hydroxide, Bead

95. Sodium Hydroxide 50%

96. Sodium Hydroxide (tn)

97. Sodium Hydroxide (flake)

98. Sodium Hydroxide (naoh)

99. Sodium Hydroxide (liquid)

100. Sodium Hydroxide, Granular

101. Sodium Hydroxide, Solution

102. Wln: Na Q

103. Ec 215-185-5

104. Sodium Hydroxide, Anhydrous

105. 1n Sodium Hydroxide Solution

106. Sodium Hydroxide (granulated)

107. Sodium Hydroxide [ii]

108. Sodium Hydroxide [mi]

109. Sodium Hydroxide (jp17/nf)

110. Sodium Hydroxide [fcc]

111. Sodium Hydroxide [jan]

112. Sodium Hydroxide Solution 25%

113. Sodium Hydroxide [hsdb]

114. Sodium Hydroxide [inci]

115. Chembl2105794

116. Dtxsid0029634

117. Sodium Hydroxide [vandf]

118. Sodium Hydroxide 1n Concentrate

119. Sodium Hydroxide Pellets Usp-nf

120. Sodium Hydroxide [mart.]

121. Sodium Hydroxide 10n Concentrate

122. Sodium Hydroxide [who-dd]

123. Sodium Hydroxide [who-ip]

124. Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 2.5n

125. Bcp26108

126. Nsc135799

127. Sodium Hydroxide 4n Aqueous Solution

128. Sodium Hydroxide Pellets Acs Reagent

129. Akos015913904

130. Akos015951419

131. Sodium Hydroxide Pellets Reagent Grade

132. Db11151

133. Sodium Hydroxide [ep Monograph]

134. Sodium Hydroxide, 10n Aqueous Solution

135. Sodium Hydroxide Solutions [fcc]

136. Natrii Hydroxydum [who-ip Latin]

137. E-33

138. Sodium Hydroxide Pellets Biochemical Grade

139. Sodium Hydroxide, 5% W/v Aqueous Solution

140. Ft-0645105

141. Ft-0689261

142. O0575

143. S0543

144. Sodium Hydroxide Beads Rgt Grade 1kg

145. Sodium Hydroxide, 20% W/v Aqueous Solution

146. Sodium Hydroxide, 25% W/v Aqueous Solution

147. Sodium Hydroxide, 30% W/w Aqueous Solution

148. Sodium Hydroxide, 40% W/v Aqueous Solution

149. Sodium Hydroxide, 50% W/w Aqueous Solution

150. Sodium Hydroxide, 0.1n Standardized Solution

151. Sodium Hydroxide, 0.5n Standardized Solution

152. Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0n Standardized Solution

153. Sodium Hydroxide, 2.0n Standardized Solution

154. Sodium Hydroxide, 5.0n Standardized Solution

155. Sodium Hydroxide, Roti?volum, 1n (ampoule)

156. D01169

157. Sodium Hydroxide, 0.01n Standardized Solution

158. Sodium Hydroxide, 0.05n Standardized Solution

159. Sodium Hydroxide, 10.0n Standardized Solution

160. Sodium Hydroxide, Roti?volum, 0.1n (ampoule)

161. Sodium Hydroxide, Solid [un1823] [corrosive]

162. Q102769

163. J-005935

164. Sodium Hydroxide, Solution [un1824] [corrosive]

165. Sodium Hydroxide, Pellets, Trace Metals Grade 99.99%

2.4 Create Date
2005-03-26
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 39.997 g/mol
Molecular Formula HNaO
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count0
Exact Mass39.99250893 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass39.99250893 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count2
Formal Charge0
Complexity2
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count2
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Therapeutic Uses

Caustics

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH, 2011)


Vet: Caustic, dehorning of calves.

O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1485


VET: A 2% solution of soda lye (contains 94% sodium hydroxide) in hot water is used as a disinfectant against many common pathogens, such as those causing fowl cholera and pullorum disease.

Kahn, C.M. (Ed.); The Merck Veterinary Manual 9th ed. Merck & Co. Whitehouse Station, NJ. 2005, p. 2153


4.2 Drug Indication

Used to destroy or kill the nail matrix (matrixectomies).


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 Pharmacology

Sodium Hydroxide 10% forms a strongly alkaline and caustic solution. As a caustic agent, it is used to destroy organic tissue by chemical action.


5.2 MeSH Pharmacological Classification

Caustics

Strong alkaline chemicals that destroy soft body tissues resulting in a deep, penetrating type of burn, in contrast to corrosives, that result in a more superficial type of damage via chemical means or inflammation. Caustics are usually hydroxides of light metals. SODIUM HYDROXIDE and potassium hydroxide are the most widely used caustic agents in industry. Medically, they have been used externally to remove diseased or dead tissues and destroy warts and small tumors. The accidental ingestion of products (household and industrial) containing caustic ingredients results in thousands of injuries per year. (See all compounds classified as Caustics.)


5.3 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

There are no quantitative data for the absorption of sodium hydroxide through the skin. Solutions which contain 50 % sodium hydroxide have been shown to be corrosive and lethal when applied dermally to mice.


ALKALIS PENETRATE SKIN SLOWLY.

Dreisbach, R. H. Handbook of Poisoning. 9th ed. Los Altos, California: Lange Medical Publications, 1977., p. 202


Ammonium hydroxide penetrates fastest, followed by sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and finally calcium hydroxide.

Sullivan, J.B. Jr., G.R. Krieger (eds.). Hazardous Materials Toxicology-Clinical Principles of Environmental Health. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992., p. 433


5.4 Mechanism of Action

Because of its high-level alkalinity, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution directly causes bond breakage in proteins (especially disulfide bridges). Hair and fingernails are found to be dissolved after 20 hours of direct contact with sodium hydroxide at pH values higher than 9.2. Sodium hydroxide has depilatory effects which have been described after accidental contact with solutions in the workplace. The breakage of bonds in proteins may lead to severe necrosis to the application site. The level of corrosion depends on the period of contact with the tissue, and on the concentration of sodium hydroxide.