Rochem, your partner in developing, sourcing, and supplying pharmaceutical & animal health ingredients of Chinese origin.
01 27Rochem International Inc
02 6SPI Pharma
03 26DKSH
04 4Pharm-RX Chemical
05 2Faran Shimi Pharmaceutical
06 3Gangwal Healthcare
07 12Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical
08 19Actylis
09 2Aeon Procare
10 1Anhui Sunhere Pharmaceutical Excipients Co.,Ltd
11 10BASF
12 5Finar
13 12Gangwal Chemicals
14 1Ideal Cures Pvt Ltd
15 1Kerry
16 2Kima Chemical
17 5Microlex e.U
18 4Nanjing Bold Chemical
19 8Pluviaendo
20 42Roquette
21 27Seppic
22 2Shijiazhuang Huaxu Pharmaceutical
23 4Sigachi Industries
24 1The Dow Chemical Company
25 3Valens Pharmachem
26 6Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension
Grade : Topical
Application : API Stability Enhancers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Xanthan gum, a polysaccharide widely used in many industries as a food additive, thickening agent and stabilizer in topical formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension
Grade : Topical
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension
Category : API Stability Enhancers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : XANTHAN GUM
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Topical
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Sorbitol’s bulk sweetness and compatibility with active ingredients makes it an ideal taste masking agent in pharmaceutical formulations.
Brand : SORBITOL
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Gel, Solution, Tablet
Grade : Topical, Oral
Application : API Stability Enhancers, Emulsifying Agents, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Acacia, also known as gum arabic, is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an emulsifier, stabilizing agent, & tablet binder in various formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Gum Arabic
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Gel, Solution, Tablet
Grade : Topical, Oral
Ingredient(s) : Gum Arabic
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Gel, Solution, Tablet
Category : API Stability Enhancers, Emulsifying Agents, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : GUM ARABIC
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Topical, Oral
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : CM90 is a directly compressible, granulated calcium carbonate with maltodextrin used for swallow tablets due to its high density and compressibility.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 490- 500, Tapped Density: 1.50
Ingredient(s) : Calcium Carbonate Excipient, Maltodextrin Excipient
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Calcium Carbonate Excipient, Maltodextrin Excipient
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Category : Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Brand : CM90
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 490- 500, Tapped Density: 1.50
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Tablet, Orodispersible Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Compressol® SM, co-processed polyol, is a DC excipient of mannitol & sorbitol with superior compactibility, lower disintegration time & hygroscopicity
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Mannitol, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Tablet, Orodispersible Tablet
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Tablet, Orodispersible Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Taste Masking
Brand : COMPRESSOL SM
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Liquid, Suspension, Syrup, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Sodium Saccharin (Q-0300, 15-191201) is used as an artificial sweetener in tablets, syrup, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, JP, Kosher, ISO, Halal...
Technical Specs : 15% MOISTURE, Min. 98% Purity
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Liquid, Suspension, Syrup, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Liquid, Suspension, Syrup, Tablet
Category : Taste Masking
Brand : SODIUM SACCHARIN
Applications : Sodium Saccharin (Q-0300, 15-191201) is used as an artificial sweetener in tablets, syrup, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, JP, Kosher, ISO, Halal, FSSC 22000, EP
Technical Specs : 15% MOISTURE, Min. 98% Purity
Grade : Oral
Application : Emulsifying Agents
Excipient Details : HDK N20 Pharma is used as a pharmaceutical emulsifying agent in tablets, capsules, syrups, and solutions.
Ingredient(s) : Silicon Dioxide
Dosage Form : Capsule, Solution, Syrup, Tablet
Category : Emulsifying Agents
Brand : HDK® N20 PHARMA
Applications : HDK N20 Pharma is used as a pharmaceutical emulsifying agent in tablets, capsules, syrups, and solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : GRAS certificate, GMP
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Capsule, Gel, Tablet
Grade : Oral, Topical
Application : API Stability Enhancers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Xanthan Gum is widely used in oral dosage forms as a suspending and thickening agent. It is also used in topical formulations as stabilizer.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Capsule, Gel, Tablet
Grade : Oral, Topical
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Capsule, Gel, Tablet
Category : API Stability Enhancers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : XANTHAN GUM
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral, Topical
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Brand Name : Potassium Chloride
Application : Parenteral
Excipient Details : Potassium chloride is used as a diuretic-osmotic in injectable and parenteral solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Potassium Chloride Excipient
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Ingredient(s) : Potassium Chloride Excipient
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Parenteral
Brand : POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
Applications : Potassium chloride is used as a diuretic-osmotic in injectable and parenteral solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Parenteral
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Controlled & Modified Release, Direct Compression
Excipient Details : DiCOM-DC SR300 is used as a directly compressible, rate-controlling, and co-processed excipient in sustained-release tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : EthylCellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Maize Starch, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Talc
Brand : DICOM-DC® SR300
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Capsule, Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Application : Emulsifying Agents, Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Solubilizers, Surfactant & Foaming Agents, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Excipient Details : Polysorbate 80 is used as a plasticizer, solubilizer, emulsifier, surfactant, and suspension stabilizer. It is also used in parenteral products.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Polysorbate 80
Dosage Form : Capsule, Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Ingredient(s) : Polysorbate 80
Dosage Form : Capsule, Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Suspension, Tablet
Category : Emulsifying Agents, Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Solubilizers, Surfactant & Foaming Agents, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Brand : POLYSORBATE 80
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Sorbitol Sorbitan Solution
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Excipient Details : Sorbitol sorbitan solution is used as a plasticizer in oral solids such as softgel capsules. It can also be used in orally dissolving films.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Category : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Brand : SORBITOL SORBITAN SOLUTION
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Capsule, Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Coating Systems & Additives, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Xylitol is used as filler, binder & a coating agent in various oral dosage forms in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Xylitol Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Xylitol Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Coating Systems & Additives, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : XYLITOL
Applications : Xylitol is used as filler, binder & a coating agent in various oral dosage forms in both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Maltodextrin is used in tablet formulations as a binder and diluent, and is particularly useful in tablet formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Maltodextrin Excipient
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand : MALTODEXTRIN
Applications : Maltodextrin is used in tablet formulations as a binder and diluent, and is particularly useful in tablet formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Suspension
Grade : Topical, Oral
Application : Emulsifying Agents, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Carrageenan is used as an emulsifying, stabilizing & suspending agent in various non-parenteral dosage forms, such as suspensions, emulsions & creams.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Suspension
Grade : Topical, Oral
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Suspension
Category : Emulsifying Agents, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : CARRAGEENAN
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Topical, Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Topical, Oral
Application : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Excipient Details : Xantural 11000 is used as a stabilizer and rheology modifier in oral dosage forms such as syrups, suspensions & solutions & in topical formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Topical, Oral
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Category : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Brand : XANTURAL® 11000
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Topical, Oral
Dosage Form : Capsule, Liquid, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Sodium saccharin is used as a sweetener, flavour enhancer, and a coating agent in various oral formulations such as tablets, capsules & suspensions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Liquid, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Liquid, Suspension, Tablet
Category : Taste Masking
Brand : SODIUM SACCHARIN
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Oral
Application : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : CEKOL 10000 is used as a thickener and viscosity modifier in liquid formulations including syrups, suspensions, and solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Category : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : CEKOL® 10000
Applications : CEKOL 10000 is used as a thickener and viscosity modifier in liquid formulations including syrups, suspensions, and solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Direct Compression
Excipient Details : DC SIM 100 is a directly compressible simethicone powder used for antacid and anti-gas tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 50
Ingredient(s) : Simethicone Excipient
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand : DC SIM 100
Applications : DC SIM 100 is a directly compressible simethicone powder used for antacid and anti-gas tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 50
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Maltodextrin, derived from the partial hydrolysis of starch, used in tablet formulations as a binder and diluent. It is particularly useful in chewable tablet formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Maltodextrin Excipient
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Maltodextrin Excipient
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Taste Masking
Brand : MALTODEXTRIN
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Topical, Oral
Application : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Excipient Details : Xantural 180 is used as a rheology modifier & stabilizer in oral dosage forms such as solutions, suspensions, and syrups & in topical formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Topical, Oral
Ingredient(s) : Xanthan Gum
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Category : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Brand : XANTURAL® 180
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Topical, Oral
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Oral
Application : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : CEKOL 30000 is used as a viscosity modifier and thickener in liquid dosage forms such as suspensions, syrups, and solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Category : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : CEKOL® 30000
Applications : CEKOL 30000 is used as a viscosity modifier and thickener in liquid dosage forms such as suspensions, syrups, and solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgels
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Excipient Details : Propylene glycol is used as a solvent & stabilizer in injections. It is also used in topical semi-solids & as a plasticizer in soft capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Propylene Glycol
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgels
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Ingredient(s) : Propylene Glycol
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgels
Category : Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Brand : PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Dosage Form : Capsule, Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Topical, Oral
Brand Name : Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Application : Coating Systems & Additives, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Carboxymethylcellulose serves as a disintegrant, binder, coating agent & thickener in oral formulations, also as a stabilizer in topical formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Carboxymethyl cellulose excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Topical, Oral
Ingredient(s) : Carboxymethyl cellulose excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Emulsion, Suspension, Tablet
Category : Coating Systems & Additives, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Topical, Oral
Dosage Form : Suspension
Grade : Oral
Application : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Blanose CMC 7MF is used as a thickener and viscosity modifier in liquid formulations such as suspensions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Excipient
Dosage Form : Suspension
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Excipient
Dosage Form : Suspension
Category : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : BLANOSE CMC 7MF
Applications : Blanose CMC 7MF is used as a thickener and viscosity modifier in liquid formulations such as suspensions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Oral
Application : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : CEKOL 700 is used as a thickener and viscosity modifier in liquid dosage form including solutions, syrups, and suspensions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Carrageenan
Dosage Form : Suspension, Solution, Syrup
Category : Rheology Modifiers, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : CEKOL®700
Applications : CEKOL 700 is used as a thickener and viscosity modifier in liquid dosage form including solutions, syrups, and suspensions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : JP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Excipient Details : Sorbitol Special® is a plasticizer for soft gel formulations that reduces drying time and enhances productivity & gloss for a premium appearance.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Category : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Brand : SORBITOL SPECIAL
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension
Grade : Oral, Topical
Application : Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Pectin is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in the production of pharmaceutical suspensions and creams.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Pectin Excipient
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension
Grade : Oral, Topical
Ingredient(s) : Pectin Excipient
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Suspension
Category : Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : PECTIN
Applications : Pectin is used as a thickening and stabilizing agent in the production of pharmaceutical suspensions and creams.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral, Topical
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Excipient Details : Sorbiplast (Sorbitol) is used as a plasticizer that provides the required elasticity in the production of soft-gelatin capsules.
Brand : SORBIPLAST®
Applications : Sorbiplast (Sorbitol) is used as a plasticizer that provides the required elasticity in the production of soft-gelatin capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP-NF, IH
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral