Evonik's CDMO solutions for APIs and HPAPIs: It specializes where the client needs it most!
Please Wait
Applying Filters...
01 5Evonik
02 5Rochem International Inc
03 10SPI Pharma
04 2Seqens
05 32DKSH
06 6Faran Shimi Pharmaceutical
07 8Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd
08 30Gangwal Healthcare
09 11Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical
10 1Pfanstiehl
11 4ACG Worldwide
12 13Actylis
13 2Aeon Procare
14 13Anhui Sunhere Pharmaceutical Excipients Co.,Ltd
15 95BASF
16 2Clariant
17 26Corel Pharma Chem
18 11DFE Pharma
19 6Finar
20 13Gangwal Chemicals
21 5Ideal Cures Pvt Ltd
22 4Ingredion Pharma Solutions
23 49Kerry
24 6Kima Chemical
25 6Lonza Capsugel
26 19Microlex e.U
27 2Nomisma Healthcare
28 4Novo Excipients
29 5Pharmatrans-Sanaq
30 12Pluviaendo
31 7Prachin Chemical
32 1Qianhao Chemical (Hebei) Co., Ltd
33 3Qualicaps
34 69Roquette
35 15Seppic
36 12Shanghai Shenmei Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd
37 4Shanghai Welltone Material Technology Co., Ltd
38 2Shijiazhuang Huaxu Pharmaceutical
39 16Sigachi Industries
40 6The Dow Chemical Company
41 1Ulanqab Kema New Material
42 5Valens Pharmachem
43 6Vasa Pharmachem
44 2Vertellus
45 4Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical
Evonik's CDMO solutions for APIs and HPAPIs: It specializes where the client needs it most!
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Orodispersible Tablet, Powder, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Coating Systems & Additives, Controlled & Modified Release, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Film Formers & Plasticizers, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : EUDRAGIT® E is an immediate-release polymer used as a taste masking & coating agent to improve swallowability of tablets, ODTs, capsules, powder, etc.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : Available as granules; Other grades- EUDRAGIT® E 12,5, EUDRAGIT® E PO.
Ingredient(s) : Amino Methacrylate Copolymer
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Orodispersible Tablet, Powder, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Evonik's CDMO solutions for APIs and HPAPIs: It specializes where the client needs it most!
Ingredient(s) : Amino Methacrylate Copolymer
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Orodispersible Tablet, Powder, Tablet
Category : Coating Systems & Additives, Controlled & Modified Release, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Film Formers & Plasticizers, Taste Masking
Brand : EUDRAGIT® E 100
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : Available as granules; Other grades- EUDRAGIT® E 12,5, EUDRAGIT® E PO.
Grade : Oral
Rochem, your partner in developing, sourcing, and supplying pharmaceutical & animal health ingredients of Chinese origin.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Sorbitol’s bulk sweetness and compatibility with active ingredients makes it an ideal taste masking agent in pharmaceutical formulations.
Rochem, your partner in developing, sourcing, and supplying pharmaceutical & animal health ingredients of Chinese origin.
Brand : SORBITOL
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Rochem, your partner in developing, sourcing, and supplying pharmaceutical & animal health ingredients of Chinese origin.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Liquid, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Sodium saccharin is used as a sweetener, flavour enhancer, and a coating agent in various oral formulations such as tablets, capsules & suspensions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Liquid, Suspension, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Rochem, your partner in developing, sourcing, and supplying pharmaceutical & animal health ingredients of Chinese origin.
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Liquid, Suspension, Tablet
Category : Taste Masking
Brand : SODIUM SACCHARIN
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : MS90 is a directly compressible magnesium hydroxide with starch used for chewable tablets due to its smooth mouthfeel and creamy texture.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 150-170, Taped Density: 0.80
Ingredient(s) : Magnesium Hydroxide Excipient, Starch
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Ingredient(s) : Magnesium Hydroxide Excipient, Starch
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Brand : MS90
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 150-170, Taped Density: 0.80
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Advantose® FS95 is spray-dried fructose coprocessed with starch, is a highly compressible pharmaceutical excipient with chewable vitamin applications.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Fructose, Starch
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Brand : ADVANTOSE FS95
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Seqens is an integrated global leader in pharmaceutical solutions & specialty ingredients & provides custom-made solutions.
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Brand Name : Expansorb® PLA / PEG
Application : Parenteral
Excipient Details : Expansorb® PLA?/PEG? polymers are used as functional excipients in injectable formulations for controlled & slow drug release with a single injection.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : Classic and ultrapure LMP
Ingredient(s) : Poly lactic acid, Polyethylene Glycol Excipient
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Seqens is an integrated global leader in pharmaceutical solutions & specialty ingredients & provides custom-made solutions.
Ingredient(s) : Poly lactic acid, Polyethylene Glycol Excipient
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Parenteral
Brand : EXPANSORB® PLA / PEG
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : Classic and ultrapure LMP
Grade : Parenteral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
Brand Name : PIG SKIN GELATIN 100B 20M
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Pig skin gelatin 100B 20M is used as a filler and binder in capsules, tablets, pellets, and granules and as a stabilizer in parenteral formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : PIG SKIN GELATIN 100B 20M
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Liquid, Suspension, Syrup, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Sodium Saccharin (Q-0300, 15-191201) is used as an artificial sweetener in tablets, syrup, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, JP, Kosher, ISO, Halal...
Technical Specs : 15% MOISTURE, Min. 98% Purity
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Liquid, Suspension, Syrup, Tablet
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Saccharin Excipient
Dosage Form : Liquid, Suspension, Syrup, Tablet
Category : Taste Masking
Brand : SODIUM SACCHARIN
Applications : Sodium Saccharin (Q-0300, 15-191201) is used as an artificial sweetener in tablets, syrup, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, JP, Kosher, ISO, Halal, FSSC 22000, EP
Technical Specs : 15% MOISTURE, Min. 98% Purity
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Application : Emulsifying Agents
Excipient Details : HDK N20 Pharma is used as a pharmaceutical emulsifying agent in tablets, capsules, syrups, and solutions.
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Silicon Dioxide
Dosage Form : Capsule, Solution, Syrup, Tablet
Category : Emulsifying Agents
Brand : HDK® N20 PHARMA
Applications : HDK N20 Pharma is used as a pharmaceutical emulsifying agent in tablets, capsules, syrups, and solutions.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : GRAS certificate, GMP
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Gelita RXL R² 115B BB TB Ph is used as a stabilizer in parenteral formulations and as a filler and binder in tablets, capsules, granules, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : GELITA
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a low viscosity wet binder in solid dosage forms such as tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Brand : POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE
Applications : Polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a low viscosity wet binder in solid dosage forms such as tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Lactose Monohydrate
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Lactose monohydrate is widely used as a filler and diluent in solid dosage forms such as tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Brand : LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE
Applications : Lactose monohydrate is widely used as a filler and diluent in solid dosage forms such as tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Magnesium Stearate
Application : Lubricants & Glidants
Excipient Details : Magnesium stearate is the magnesium salt of stearic acid. It acts as a lubricating agent in tablet manufacturing.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Magnesium Stearate
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Brand : MAGNESIUM STEARATE
Applications : Magnesium stearate is the magnesium salt of stearic acid. It acts as a lubricating agent in tablet manufacturing.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Croscarmellose Sodium
Application : Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants
Excipient Details : Croscarmellose sodium is used as a super disintegrant in various oral solid dosage forms, such as tablets and ODTs.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Croscarmellose Sodium
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Ingredient(s) : Croscarmellose Sodium
Dosage Form : Tablet
Category : Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants
Brand : CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM
Applications : Croscarmellose sodium is used as a super disintegrant in various oral solid dosage forms, such as tablets and ODTs.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients
Excipient Details : WhiVidone 30 is used as a co-processed excipient in dental and oral care applications such as gels, tablets, liquids, and films.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Hydrogen Peroxide Excipient, KoVidone K30
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Ingredient(s) : Hydrogen Peroxide Excipient, KoVidone K30
Category : Co-Processed Excipients
Brand : WHIVIDONE 30
Applications : WhiVidone 30 is used as a co-processed excipient in dental and oral care applications such as gels, tablets, liquids, and films.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : KoVidone® K25 is used as a low viscosity wet binder in solid dosage forms such as capsules and tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, EP, JP, KP, IP, BP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Ingredient(s) : Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : KOVIDONE® K25
Applications : KoVidone® K25 is used as a low viscosity wet binder in solid dosage forms such as capsules and tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, EP, JP, KP, IP, BP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral (Pharma Grade)
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : DiCOM-DC SP204 is used as a stabilizer, filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Corn Starch, Pregelatinized, Magnesium Oxide Excipient, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Sodium Starch Glycolate
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand : DICOM-DC® SP204
Applications : DiCOM-DC SP204 is used as a stabilizer, filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand Name : Innogel 9000/9500
Application : Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Innogel 9000/9500 (Pregelatinized Starch) is used as filler, binder, disintegrant, and superdisintegrant in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/BP/EP/USP-NF
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Corn Starch, Pregelatinized
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Corn Starch, Pregelatinized
Category : Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : INNOGEL 9000/9500
Applications : Innogel 9000/9500 (Pregelatinized Starch) is used as filler, binder, disintegrant, and superdisintegrant in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/BP/EP/USP-NF
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Direct Compression, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants
Excipient Details : Solvostar (Sodium Starch Glycolate) is used as a superdisintegrant and directly compressible excipient in tablets, capsules, suspensions, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/BP/EP/USP-NF
Technical Specs : Solvostar 2% to 8%
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Starch Glycolate
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Starch Glycolate
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Category : Direct Compression, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants
Brand : SOLVOSTAR™
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/BP/EP/USP-NF
Technical Specs : Solvostar 2% to 8%
Grade : Oral
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgels
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Excipient Details : Propylene glycol is used as a solvent & stabilizer in injections. It is also used in topical semi-solids & as a plasticizer in soft capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Propylene Glycol
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgels
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Ingredient(s) : Propylene Glycol
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgels
Category : Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Brand : PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Parenteral, Oral, Topical
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Sorbitol Sorbitan Solution
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Excipient Details : Sorbitol sorbitan solution is used as a plasticizer in oral solids such as softgel capsules. It can also be used in orally dissolving films.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Category : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Brand : SORBITOL SORBITAN SOLUTION
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Pfanstiehl, a global leader in the manufacture of cGMP high purity, low endotoxin, low metals (HPLE-LM)TM injectable grade excipients.
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Application : Parenteral, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Sucrose is used to stabilize proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, ADCs & vaccines. It is also used as a cryopreservative in cell-based bioprocesses.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USDMF, NF, EP, JP, ChP
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Sucrose
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Pfanstiehl, a global leader in the manufacture of cGMP high purity, low endotoxin, low metals (HPLE-LM)TM injectable grade excipients.
Ingredient(s) : Sucrose
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Parenteral, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : SUCROSE
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USDMF, NF, EP, JP, ChP
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Parenteral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Application : Granulation
Excipient Details : Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in wet granulation tableting applications for the production of antacid tablets and digestive aids.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Excipient
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Brand : SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE
Applications : Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in wet granulation tableting applications for the production of antacid tablets and digestive aids.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Seqens is an integrated global leader in pharmaceutical solutions & specialty ingredients & provides custom-made solutions.
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Brand Name : Expansorb® PLGA / PEG
Application : Parenteral
Excipient Details : Expansorb® PLGA? / PEG copolymers are used as functional excipients in single dose injections for controlled and slow drug release (weeks to months).
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : Classic and ultrapure LMP
Ingredient(s) : Poly-DL-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid, Polyethylene Glycol Excipient
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Seqens is an integrated global leader in pharmaceutical solutions & specialty ingredients & provides custom-made solutions.
Ingredient(s) : Poly-DL-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid, Polyethylene Glycol Excipient
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Parenteral
Brand : EXPANSORB® PLGA / PEG
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : Classic and ultrapure LMP
Grade : Parenteral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Pregelatinized Corn Starch
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Corn starch is used as a filler and binder in pharmaceutical oral solid dosage forms, including tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : BP/USP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Corn Starch, Pregelatinized
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Faran Shimi: Leading producer of high-quality APIs & alkaloid opiates, serving major pharmaceutical companies across the Middle East.
Ingredient(s) : Corn Starch, Pregelatinized
Dosage Form : Tablet
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : PREGELATINIZED CORN STARCH
Applications : Corn starch is used as a filler and binder in pharmaceutical oral solid dosage forms, including tablets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : BP/USP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : KoVidone® K30 is used as a binder for tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, EP, JP, KP, IP, BP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Ingredient(s) : Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : KOVIDONE® K30
Applications : KoVidone® K30 is used as a binder for tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP/NF, EP, JP, KP, IP, BP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral (Pharma Grade)
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
Brand Name : PIG SKIN GELATIN 140B 20M
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Pig skin gelatin 140B 20M is used as a binder and filler in pellets, granules, capsules, and tablets and as a stabilizer in parenteral products.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : PIG SKIN GELATIN 140B 20M
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients
Excipient Details : WhiVidone is used as a co-processed excipient in dental and oral care applications such as gels, tablets, liquids, and films.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Hydrogen Peroxide Excipient, KoVidone K30
Boai NKY Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the largest global PVP suppliers.
Ingredient(s) : Hydrogen Peroxide Excipient, KoVidone K30
Category : Co-Processed Excipients
Brand : WHIVIDONE
Applications : WhiVidone is used as a co-processed excipient in dental and oral care applications such as gels, tablets, liquids, and films.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Excipient Details : Sorbiplast (Sorbitol) is used as a plasticizer that provides the required elasticity in the production of soft-gelatin capsules.
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand : SORBIPLAST®
Applications : Sorbiplast (Sorbitol) is used as a plasticizer that provides the required elasticity in the production of soft-gelatin capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP-NF, IH
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgel Capsule, Softgels
Grade : Parenteral, Topical, Oral
Brand Name : Polyethylene Glycol 400
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Surfactant & Foaming Agents, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Excipient Details : PEG 400 is used as a suspending agent, stabilizer, plasticizer and filler in OSDs, liquids & semi-solids and as a solvent for parenteral formulations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Polyethylene Glycol 400
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgel Capsule, Softgels
Grade : Parenteral, Topical, Oral
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Ingredient(s) : Polyethylene Glycol 400
Dosage Form : Cream / Lotion / Ointment, Gel, Injectable / Parenteral, Softgel Capsule, Softgels
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Film Formers & Plasticizers, Parenteral, Surfactant & Foaming Agents, Thickeners and Stabilizers, Topical
Brand : POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Parenteral, Topical, Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : CS90 is a directly compressible calcium carbonate with starch used for chewable tablets due to its smooth mouthfeel and creamy texture.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 150-175, Tapped Density: 0.85
Ingredient(s) : Calcium Carbonate Excipient, Starch
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Ingredient(s) : Calcium Carbonate Excipient, Starch
Dosage Form : Orodispersible Tablet, Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Direct Compression, Taste Masking
Brand : CS90
Applications : CS90 is a directly compressible calcium carbonate with starch used for chewable tablets due to its smooth mouthfeel and creamy texture.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : PSD D50: 150-175, Tapped Density: 0.85
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants
Excipient Details : Sallyso (Croscarmellose Sodium) is used as a disintegrating agent in tablets, capsules & granules for enhancing API dissolution and bioavailability.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/BP/EP/USP-NF
Technical Specs : Sallyso 0.5 to 3.0%
Ingredient(s) : Croscarmellose Sodium
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Croscarmellose Sodium
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Category : Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants
Brand : SALLYSO™
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/BP/EP/USP-NF
Technical Specs : Sallyso 0.5 to 3.0%
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Red Ferric Oxide S
Application : Coloring Agents
Excipient Details : Red Ferric Oxide S is used as a coloring agent in solid formulations including tablets, granules, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Red Ferric Oxide S
Dosage Form : Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Red Ferric Oxide S
Dosage Form : Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Category : Coloring Agents
Brand : RED FERRIC OXIDE S
Applications : Red Ferric Oxide S is used as a coloring agent in solid formulations including tablets, granules, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Disintegrants & Superdisintegrants, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Lubricants & Glidants
Excipient Details : ProBlend (Microcrystalline Cellulose) is used as a filler, binder, glidant, DC & co-processed excipient in tablets, capsules, and MUPS formulations.
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand : PROBLEND®
Pharmacopoeia Ref : USP-NF
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Tablet, Orodispersible Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Taste Masking
Excipient Details : Compressol® SM, co-processed polyol, is a DC excipient of mannitol & sorbitol with superior compactibility, lower disintegration time & hygroscopicity
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Mannitol, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Tablet, Orodispersible Tablet
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Tablet, Orodispersible Tablet
Category : Chewable & Orodispersible Aids, Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Taste Masking
Brand : COMPRESSOL SM
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Titanium dioxide PRETIOX AV...
Application : Coating Systems & Additives, Coloring Agents
Excipient Details : Titanium dioxide Pretiox AV01FG is used as a coloring and coating agent in oral solid dosage forms such as capsules, tablets, granules, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : Fami-QS, Kosher, Halal, OHSAS ...
Technical Specs : Ti 59.95% and O 40.05%
Ingredient(s) : Titanium Dioxide
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Titanium Dioxide
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Category : Coating Systems & Additives, Coloring Agents
Brand : TITANIUM DIOXIDE PRETIOX AV01FG
Pharmacopoeia Ref : Fami-QS, Kosher, Halal, OHSAS 18001, ISO, FSSC 22000
Technical Specs : Ti 59.95% and O 40.05%
Grade : Oral
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Brand Name : Lactose Monohydrate
Application : Parenteral
Excipient Details : Lactose monohydrate is used as a diluent in inhalation and lyophilized preparations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate
Dosage Form : Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral
Nanjing Well is focused on R&D, production & sales of Pharmaceutical Excipients & Synthetic Lubricating base oils.
Brand : LACTOSE MONOHYDRATE
Applications : Lactose monohydrate is used as a diluent in inhalation and lyophilized preparations.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : ChP/USP/EP/JP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Parenteral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Coating Systems & Additives
Excipient Details : ACTILLETS™ are microcrystalline cellulose spheres used in advanced drug formulations as starter cores for drug layering and coating.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : Bulk density: 0.80
Ingredient(s) : Microcrystalline Cellulose
Dosage Form : Tablet
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Ingredient(s) : Microcrystalline Cellulose
Dosage Form : Tablet
Category : Coating Systems & Additives
Brand : ACTILLETS
Applications : ACTILLETS™ are microcrystalline cellulose spheres used in advanced drug formulations as starter cores for drug layering and coating.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : Bulk density: 0.80
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Brand Name : Titanium dioxide PRETIOX AV...
Application : Coating Systems & Additives, Coloring Agents
Excipient Details : Titanium dioxide Pretiox AV01PhG is used as a coating and coloring agent in oral solids such as tablets, capsules, granules, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : Ti 59.95% and O 40.05%
Ingredient(s) : Titanium Dioxide
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Titanium Dioxide
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Category : Coating Systems & Additives, Coloring Agents
Brand : TITANIUM DIOXIDE PRETIOX AV01PHG
Pharmacopoeia Ref : N/A
Technical Specs : Ti 59.95% and O 40.05%
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : STARLOSE is used as a diluent, binder, directly compressible (DC), and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/EP/USP-NF/IH
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate, Maize Starch
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate, Maize Starch
Category : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : STARLOSE®
Applications : STARLOSE is used as a diluent, binder, directly compressible (DC), and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP/EP/USP-NF/IH
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
Brand Name : GELATIN BOVINE 140B 6M
Application : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Excipient Details : Gelatin bovine 140B 6M is used as a stabilizer in parenteral drug products and as a binder and filler in capsules, tablets, granules, and pellets.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
DKSH is your trusted partner for companies looking to grow their business in Asia & beyond.
Ingredient(s) : Gelatin Excipient
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet, Injectable / Parenteral
Category : Fillers, Diluents & Binders, Thickeners and Stabilizers
Brand : GELATIN BOVINE 140B 6M
Pharmacopoeia Ref : CEP, GMP, EP, USP/NF
Technical Specs : N/A
Grade : Parenteral, Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
Application : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Excipient Details : Sorbitol Special® is a plasticizer for soft gel formulations that reduces drying time and enhances productivity & gloss for a premium appearance.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Grade : Oral
SPI Pharma has been solving formulation challenges using superior functional materials.
Ingredient(s) : Sorbitan Excipient, Sorbitol
Dosage Form : Softgels
Category : Film Formers & Plasticizers
Brand : SORBITOL SPECIAL
Pharmacopoeia Ref : NA
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand Name : Microlose™ M60 P60
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Microlose M60 P60 is used as a filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : Lactose Monohydrate – 40%, Microcrystalline cellulose – 60%
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Category : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : MICROLOSE™ M60 P60
Applications : Microlose M60 P60 is used as a filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : Lactose Monohydrate – 40%, Microcrystalline cellulose – 60%
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Controlled & Modified Release, Direct Compression
Excipient Details : DiCOM-DC SR300 is used as a directly compressible, rate-controlling, and co-processed excipient in sustained-release tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : EthylCellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Maize Starch, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silicon Dioxide, Talc
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand : DICOM-DC® SR300
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Brand Name : DiCOM-DC® PL009 P60
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : DiCOM-DC PL009 P60 is used as a filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IH
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Maize Starch, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Maize Starch, Microcrystalline Cellulose
Category : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : DICOM-DC® PL009 P60
Applications : DiCOM-DC PL009 P60 is used as a filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IH
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : DiCOM-DC S604 is used as a DC co-processed excipient with a combination of various polymers that act as fillers and binders in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone 97% & 93%
Ingredient(s) : Calcium Carbonate Excipient, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Calcium Carbonate Excipient, Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
Category : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : DICOM-DC® S604
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone 97% & 93%
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : DiCOM-DC S-Star (Maize Starch) is used as a filler, binder, and directly compressible co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Maize Starch
Category : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : DICOM-DC® S-STAR
Applications : DiCOM-DC S-Star (Maize Starch) is used as a filler, binder, and directly compressible co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Application : Controlled & Modified Release
Excipient Details : Gellets-P are Microcrystalline Cellulose based spheres for the manufacturing of pellets and modified release products.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Ingredient(s) : Microcrystalline Cellulose
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Microcrystalline Cellulose
Dosage Form : Capsule, Granule / Pellet, Tablet
Category : Controlled & Modified Release
Brand : GELLETS-P®
Applications : Gellets-P are Microcrystalline Cellulose based spheres for the manufacturing of pellets and modified release products.
Pharmacopoeia Ref : In-house
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Application : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Excipient Details : Lactose DC (Lactose Monohydrate) is used as a filler, binder, directly compressible, and co-processed excipient in tablets and capsules.
Gangwal Healthcare is powered by innovation, driving health, wellness & healing.
Ingredient(s) : Lactose Monohydrate
Category : Co-Processed Excipients, Direct Compression, Fillers, Diluents & Binders
Brand : LACTOSE DC
Pharmacopoeia Ref : IP, USP
Technical Specs : NA
Grade : Oral
LOOKING FOR A SUPPLIER?
