1. Aneurin
2. Mononitrate, Thiamine
3. Thiamin
4. Thiamine
5. Thiamine Mononitrate
6. Vitamin B 1
1. 59-43-8
2. Thiamine Chloride
3. Thiamine Monochloride
4. Aneurine
5. Vitaneurin
6. Bethiamin
7. Oryzanin
8. Beivon
9. Apatate Drape
10. 3-((4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazol-3-ium Chloride
11. Thiacoat
12. Tiamina
13. Thiaminum
14. Betabion
15. Thiamine(1+) Chloride
16. Vitamin B-1
17. Thiaminum [inn-latin]
18. Tiamina [inn-spanish]
19. Ccris 5823
20. Hsdb 220
21. X66nso3n35
22. Einecs 200-425-3
23. Chebi:33283
24. Thiamine (inn)
25. Unii-x66nso3n35
26. 3-[(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-3-ium Chloride
27. Oryzanine
28. Thiamine [inn]
29. Thiamine (vit B1)
30. 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium Chloride
31. Thiamine, Chloride
32. B-amin
33. Thiamine [inn:ban]
34. 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium Chloride
35. Dtxsid2023648
36. Thiazolium,3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-chloride
37. Thiamine Hydrochloride;3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2- Hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium Chloride;3-((4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazol-3-ium Chloride
38. Nsc36226
39. Oryzenin
40. Vitamin B1 (tn)
41. Vitamin B1 ,(s)
42. Thiamine [hsdb]
43. Thiamine [mi]
44. Thiamine [vandf]
45. Thiamine [who-dd]
46. 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydrox Yethyl)-4-methylthiazolium Chloride
47. Chembl1588
48. Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl- Chloride
49. Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-chloride
50. Schembl10074
51. Vitamin B1 [vandf]
52. Mls001304099
53. Thiamine [orange Book]
54. Vitamin B1 [green Book]
55. Hms2233p06
56. Hms3372n17
57. Hy-a0100
58. Mfcd00044586
59. Akos015960561
60. 1st1504
61. Cs-7793
62. Ac-11683
63. As-15935
64. Smr000718788
65. Db-017724
66. Ft-0603249
67. Ns00099891
68. D08580
69. En300-257540
70. A832318
71. W-105322
72. Q27115611
73. 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium-5-yl]ethanol Chloride;vitamin B1
74. Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl- Chloride (1:1)
75. Thiazolium, 3-((4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-, Chloride (1:1)
| Molecular Weight | 300.81 g/mol |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C12H17ClN4OS |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 6 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 4 |
| Exact Mass | g/mol |
| Monoisotopic Mass | g/mol |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 104 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 19 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 269 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Covalently Bonded Unit Count | 2 |
Thiamine is used to prevent and to treat thiamine deficiency syndromes including beriberi, Wernicke's encephalopathy syndrome, delirium, and peripheral neuritis associated with pellagra or neuritis of pregnancy (if associated with severe vomiting).
American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009)
Although thiamine has not been shown by well-controlled trials to have any therapeutic value, the drug has been used for the management of poor appetite, ulcerative colitis, chronic diarrhea, other GI disorders, and the cerebellar syndrome. Thiamine has also been used orally as an insect repellent, but there is a lack of adequate evidence to establish the efficacy of thiamine for this use.
American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009)
Low plasma thiamine concentrations have been found in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In a small placebo-controlled study, benfotiamine /a related vitamin B1 substance/ 100 mg given four times daily by mouth significantly improved neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. /Benfotiamine/
Sweetman SC (ed), Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London: Pharmaceutical Press (2009), p.1976-7.
/This study assessed/ the effect of thiamine repletion on thiamine status, functional capacity, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure (CHF) who had received furosemide in doses of 80 mg/d or more for at least 3 months. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients were randomized to 1 week of double-blind inpatient therapy with either iv thiamine 200 mg/d or placebo (n = 15 each). All previous drugs were continued. Following discharge, all 30 patients received oral thiamine 200 mg/d as outpatients for 6 weeks. Thiamine status was determined by the erythrocyte thiamine-pyrophosphate effect (TPPE). LVEF was determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: TPPE, diuresis, and LVEF were unchanged with iv placebo. After iv thiamine, TPPE decreased (11.7% +/- 6.5% to 5.4% +/- 3.2%; P < 0.01). LVEF increased (0.28 +/- 0.11 to 0.32 +/- 0.09; P < 0.05), as did diuresis (1,731 +/- 800 mL/d to 2,389 +/- 752 mL/d; P < 0.02), and sodium excretion (84 +/- 52 mEq/d to 116 +/- 83 mEq/d, P < 0.05). In the 27 patients completing the full 7-week intervention, LVEF rose by 22% (0.27 +/- 0.10 to 0.33 +/- 0.11, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Thiamine repletion can improve left ventricular function and biochemical evidence of thiamine deficiency in some patients with moderate-to-severe CHF who are receiving longterm furosemide therapy.
PMID:7733128 Shimon I et al; Am J Med 98 (5): 485-90 (1995).
For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Vitamin B1 (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Serious hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reactions can occur, especially after repeated administration. Deaths have resulted from IV or IM administration of thiamine.
Novak, K.M. (ed.). Drug Facts and Comparisons2008 Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health. St. Louis, Missouri 2008., p. 18
Anaphylaxis as an adverse systemic reaction to thiamine (vitamin B1) has been described in the literature since 1938. Although its precise mechanism is still uncertain, the reaction appears to involve immediate type hypersensitivity and to be exclusively related to parenteral administration...
PMID:9846348 Morinville V et al; Schweiz Med Wochenschr 128 (44): 1743-4 (1998).
Anaphylaxis. There have been occasional reports of serious and even fatal responses to the parenteral administration of thiamin. The clinical characteristics have strongly suggested an anaphylactic reaction. Symptoms associated with thiamin-induced anaphylaxis include anxiety, pruritus, respiratory distress, nausea, abdominal pain, and shock, sometimes progressing to death.
NAS, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pg. 81, 1998. Available from, as of March 2, 2010: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html
Adverse reactions with thiamine are rare, but hypersensitivity reactions have occurred, mainly after parenteral doses. These reactions have ranged in severity from very mild to, very rarely, fatal anaphylactic shock ... The UK Committee on Safety of Medicines had received, between 1970 and July, 1988, 90 reports of adverse reactions associated with the use of an injection containing high doses of vitamins B and C. The most frequent reactions were anaphylaxis (41 cases, including 2 fatalities), dyspnea or bronchospasm (13 cases), and rash or flushing (22 cases); 78 of the reactions occurred during, or shortly after, intravenous injection and the other 12 after intramuscular injectdion. They recommended that parenteral treatment be used only when essential, and that, when given, facilities for treating anaphylaxis should be available. They also recommended that, when the intravenous route was used, the injection be given slowly (over 10 minutes). Various authors have noted that parenteral treatment is essential for the prophylaxis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy. However, further reports of anaphylaxis to parenteral thiamine have since been described, including one with a fatal outcome.
Sweetman SC (ed), Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London: Pharmaceutical Press (2009), p.1976.
For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Vitamin B1 (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Vitamin B Complex
A group of water-soluble vitamins, some of which are COENZYMES. (See all compounds classified as Vitamin B Complex.)
A11DA01
S76 | LUXPHARMA | Pharmaceuticals Marketed in Luxembourg | Pharmaceuticals marketed in Luxembourg, as published by d'Gesondheetskeess (CNS, la caisse nationale de sante, www.cns.lu), mapped by name to structures using CompTox by R. Singh et al. (in prep.). List downloaded from https://cns.public.lu/en/legislations/textes-coordonnes/liste-med-comm.html. Dataset DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4587355
A - Alimentary tract and metabolism
A11 - Vitamins
A11D - Vitamin b1, plain and in combination with vitamin b6 and b12
A11DA - Vitamin b1, plain
A11DA01 - Thiamine (vit B1)
Absorption of thiamin occurs mainly in the jejunum. At low concentrations of thiamin, absorption occurs by an active transport system that involves phosphyrylation; at higher concentrations, absorption occurs by passive diffusion. Only a small percentage of a high dose of thiamin is absorbed, and elevated serum values result in active urinary excretion of the vitamin.
Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, eds; Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006, p. 281
Thiamin is transported in blood in both erythrocytes and plasma and is excreted in the urine.
Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, eds; Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006, p.281
Thiamine is absorbed from the small intestine and is phosphorylated in the intestinal mucosa.
Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1972., p. 89
The B vitamins are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, except in malabsorption syndromes. Thiamine is absorbed mainly in the duodenum.
USP Convention. USPDI-Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. 14th ed. Volume I. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 1994. (Plus Updates)., p. 2647
For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for Vitamin B1 (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Converted in vivo to thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids.
O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2006., p. 1598
Compound 3-(2'-methyl-4'-amino-5'-pyrimidylmethyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-acetic acid, ie thiamine acetic acid, 2-methyl-4-amino-5-formylaminomethylpyrimidine, and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole have been identified as important metabolites of thiamine, vitamin B1.
The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 2: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1970 and 1971. London: The Chemical Society, 1972., p. 248
Biotransformation of thiamine in mammals is generally supposed to /yield/ thiochrome, thiamine disulfide, 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-thiazole, and some form corresponding to pyrimidine residue of thiamine.
The Chemical Society. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 1: A Review of the Literature Published Between 1960 and 1969. London: The Chemical Society, 1970., p. 229
Thiamine is metabolized in the liver of animals. Several urinary metabolites of thiamine have been identified in humans. Little or no unchanged thiamine is excreted in urine following administration of physiologic doses; however, following administration of larger doses, both unchanged thiamine and metabolites are excreted after tissue stores become saturated.
American Society of Health System Pharmacists; AHFS Drug Information 2009. Bethesda, MD. (2009)
The biological half-life of the vitamin is in the range of 9-18 days.
Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, eds; Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006, p.281
With higher pharmacological levels, namely repetitive 250-mg amounts taken orally and 500 mg given intramuscularly, nearly 1 week was required for steady state plasma concentrations to be reached; a mean elimination half-life of 1.8 days was estimated.
NAS, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pg. 59, 1998. Available from, as of March 2, 2010: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html
Total thiamin content of the adult human has been estimated to be approximately 30 mg, and the biological half-life of the vitamin is probably in the range of 9 to 18 days.
NAS, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pg. 59, 1998. Available from, as of March 2, 2010: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html
Metabolic control analysis predicts that stimulators of transketolase enzyme synthesis such as thiamin (vitamin B-1) support a high rate of nucleic acid ribose synthesis necessary for tumor cell survival, chemotherapy resistance, and proliferation. Metabolic control analysis also predicts that transketolase inhibitor drugs will have the opposite effect on tumor cells. This may have important implications in the nutrition and future treatment of patients with cancer.
PMID:10890024 Cascante M et al; Nutr Cancer 36 (2): 150-4 (2000).
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