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Also known as: (s)-amlodipine, 103129-82-4, S-amlodipine, Levoamlodipine, Levamlodipine [inn], L-amlodipine
Molecular Formula
C20H25ClN2O5
Molecular Weight
408.9  g/mol
InChI Key
HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-KRWDZBQOSA-N
FDA UNII
0P6NLP6806

CAS 103129-82-4
Levamlodipine, also known as S-amlodipine, is a pharmacologically active enantiomer of [amlodipine], an antihypertensive medication. Levamlodipine belongs to the dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blockers. This medication was first marketed in Russia and India before being granted FDA approval. The names S-amlodipine and levamlodipine may be used interchangeably as both substances are the same, however. As a racemic mixture, amlodipine contains (R) and (S)-amlodipine isomers, but only (S)-amlodipine as the active moiety possesses therapeutic activity. Levamlodipine was granted FDA approval on 19 December 2019.
1 2D Structure

CAS 103129-82-4

2 Identification
2.1 Computed Descriptors
2.1.1 IUPAC Name
3-O-ethyl 5-O-methyl (4S)-2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
2.1.2 InChI
InChI=1S/C20H25ClN2O5/c1-4-28-20(25)18-15(11-27-10-9-22)23-12(2)16(19(24)26-3)17(18)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)21/h5-8,17,23H,4,9-11,22H2,1-3H3/t17-/m0/s1
2.1.3 InChI Key
HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-KRWDZBQOSA-N
2.1.4 Canonical SMILES
CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C(C1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)OC)C)COCCN
2.1.5 Isomeric SMILES
CCOC(=O)C1=C(NC(=C([C@@H]1C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C(=O)OC)C)COCCN
2.2 Other Identifiers
2.2.1 UNII
0P6NLP6806
2.3 Synonyms
2.3.1 MeSH Synonyms

1. 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxy-carbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

2.3.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms

1. (s)-amlodipine

2. 103129-82-4

3. S-amlodipine

4. Levoamlodipine

5. Levamlodipine [inn]

6. L-amlodipine

7. Amlodipine, (s)-

8. Unii-0p6nlp6806

9. Chebi:53796

10. 0p6nlp6806

11. (4s)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic Acid 3-ethyl 5-methyl Ester

12. 3-ethyl 5-methyl (s)-2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

13. Levoamlodipine Besylate

14. 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic Acid, 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-, 3-ethyl 5-methyl Ester, (4s)-

15. 3-ethyl 5-methyl (4s)-2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

16. 3-ethyl 5-methyl (4s)-2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

17. (-)-amlodipine

18. 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic Acid, 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-, 3-ethyl 5-methyl Ester, (4s)-

19. S-amlodipine Besylate

20. S-amlodipine Gentisate

21. D0i2wv

22. Levamlodipine (hypertension)

23. Schembl41283

24. Levamlodipine [who-dd]

25. Chembl2111097

26. Dtxsid50904504

27. Htiqeaqvcytubx-krwdzbqosa-n

28. Hms3885m19

29. Bcp22052

30. Mfcd09832686

31. S3674

32. Akos015896087

33. Am90308

34. Bcp9000849

35. Ccg-268748

36. Db09237

37. Agsav301 Component Levamlodipine

38. Bs-42190

39. Hy-14744

40. Levamlodipine (hypertension), Sk Chemicals

41. S-amlodipine (hypertension), Sk Chemicals

42. Ls-194044

43. Cs-0003533

44. A14935

45. D97381

46. A800681

47. En300-19633977

48. Q-101935

49. Q6534831

50. 2-((2-aminoethoxy)methyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-ethoxy-carbonyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine

51. 3-o-ethyl 5-o-methyl (4s)-2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate

2.4 Create Date
2006-10-25
3 Chemical and Physical Properties
Molecular Weight 408.9 g/mol
Molecular Formula C20H25ClN2O5
XLogP33
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count7
Rotatable Bond Count10
Exact Mass g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area99.9
Heavy Atom Count28
Formal Charge0
Complexity647
Isotope Atom Count0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Covalently Bonded Unit Count1
4 Drug and Medication Information
4.1 Drug Indication

Levamlodipine is indicated alone or in combination to treat hypertension in adults and children.


FDA Label


5 Pharmacology and Biochemistry
5.1 ATC Code

C - Cardiovascular system

C08 - Calcium channel blockers

C08C - Selective calcium channel blockers with mainly vascular effects

C08CA - Dihydropyridine derivatives

C08CA17 - Levamlodipine


5.2 Absorption, Distribution and Excretion

Absorption

Oral levamlodipine has a Tmax of 6-12h and a bioavailability of 64-90%. Absorption of levamlodipine is not significantly affected by food. 20mg or oral s-amlodipine besylate reaches a Cmax of 6.131.29ng/mL with a Tmax of 8.43.6h and an AUC of 35172h\*ng/mL. 20mg or oral s-amlodipine maleate reaches a Cmax of 5.071.09ng/mL with a Tmax of 10.73.4h and an AUC of 33088h\*ng/mL.


Route of Elimination

Levamlodipine is 60% eliminated in urine with 10% eliminated as the unmetabolized drug.


Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of levamlodipine is similar to amlodipine. The volume of distribution of amlodipine is 21L/kg.


Clearance

The oral clearance of S-amlodipine besylate is 6.91.6mL/min/kg and the oral clearance of S-amlodipine maleate is 7.32.1mL/min/kg.


5.3 Metabolism/Metabolites

Levamlodipine is 90% metabolized to inactive metabolites. Incubation with liver microsomes has shown that this metabolism is primarily mediated by CYP3A4. Levamlodipine's dehydrogenation to a pyridine metabolite (M9) is the most important metabolic pathway in human liver microsomes. This derivative can be further oxidatively deaminated or O-dealkylated, but does not appear to undergo O-demethylation like racemic amlodipine.


5.4 Biological Half-Life

Levamlodipine has a half life of 30-50h.


5.5 Mechanism of Action

Levamlodipine blocks the transmembrane influx of calcium through L-type calcium channels into the vascular and cardiac smooth muscles resulting in vasodilation and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure. Levamlodipine inhibits calcium influx in vascular smooth muscle to a greater degree than in cardiac muscle, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance and lowered blood pressure. In vitro studies have shown a negative inotropic effect but this is unlikely to be clinically relevant.


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