Acquisitions and spin-offs dominated headlines in 2019 and the tone was set very early with Bristol-Myers Squibb acquiring
New Jersey-based cancer drug company Celgene in a US$ 74 billion deal announced on
January 3, 2019. After factoring
in debt, the deal value ballooned to about US$ 95 billion, which according
to data compiled by Refinitiv, made it the largest healthcare deal on
record.
In the summer, AbbVie Inc,
which sells the world’s best-selling drug Humira, announced its acquisition of Allergan Plc, known for Botox and other cosmetic
treatments, for US$ 63 billion. While the companies are still awaiting
regulatory approval for their deal, with US$ 49 billion in combined 2019
revenues, the merged entity would rank amongst the biggest in the industry.
View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)
The big five by pharmaceutical sales — Pfizer,
Roche, J&J, Novartis and Merck
Pfizer
continued
to lead companies by pharmaceutical sales by reporting annual 2019 revenues of
US$ 51.8 billion, a decrease of US$ 1.9 billion, or 4 percent, compared to
2018. The decline was primarily attributed to the loss of exclusivity of Lyrica in 2019,
which witnessed its sales drop from US$ 5 billion in 2018 to US$ 3.3 billion in
2019.
In 2018, Pfizer’s then incoming CEO Albert Bourla had mentioned that the company did not see the need for any large-scale M&A activity as Pfizer had “the best pipeline” in its history, which needed the company to focus on deploying its capital to keep its pipeline flowing and execute on its drug launches.
Bourla stayed true to his word and barring the acquisition of Array Biopharma for US$ 11.4 billion and a spin-off to merge Upjohn, Pfizer’s off-patent branded and generic established medicines business with
Mylan, there weren’t any other big ticket deals which were announced.
The
Upjohn-Mylan merged entity will be called Viatris and is expected to have 2020
revenues between US$ 19 and US$ 20 billion
and could outpace Teva to
become the largest generic company in the world, in term of revenues.
Novartis, which had
followed Pfizer with the second largest revenues in the pharmaceutical industry
in 2018, reported its first full year earnings after spinning off its Alcon eye
care devices business division that
had US$ 7.15 billion in 2018 sales.
In 2019,
Novartis slipped two spots in the ranking after reporting total sales of US$
47.4 billion and its CEO Vas Narasimhan continued his deal-making spree by buying New
Jersey-headquartered The Medicines Company (MedCo) for US$ 9.7
billion to acquire a late-stage cholesterol-lowering
therapy named inclisiran.
As Takeda Pharmaceutical Co was
busy in 2019 on working to reduce its debt burden incurred due to its US$ 62
billion purchase of Shire Plc, which was announced in 2018, Novartis also purchased
the eye-disease medicine, Xiidra, from the Japanese drugmaker for US$ 5.3 billion.
Novartis’ management also spent a considerable part of 2019 dealing with data-integrity concerns which emerged from its 2018 buyout of AveXis, the
gene-therapy maker Novartis had acquired for US$ 8.7 billion.
The deal gave Novartis rights to Zolgensma,
a novel treatment intended for children less than two years of age with the
most severe form of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Priced at US$ 2.1 million,
Zolgensma is currently the world’s most expensive drug.
However,
in a shocking announcement, a month after approving the drug, the US Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) issued a press release on
data accuracy issues as the agency was informed by AveXis that
its personnel had manipulated data which
the FDA used to evaluate product comparability and nonclinical (animal)
pharmacology as part of the biologics license application (BLA), which was
submitted and reviewed by the FDA.
With US$
50.0 billion (CHF 48.5 billion) in annual pharmaceutical sales, Swiss drugmaker
Roche came in at number two position in 2019
as its sales grew 11 percent driven by
its multiple sclerosis medicine Ocrevus, haemophilia drug Hemlibra and cancer medicines Tecentriq and Perjeta.
Roche’s newly introduced medicines generated US$ 5.53 billion (CHF 5.4 billion) in growth, helping offset the impact of the competition from biosimilars for its three best-selling drugs MabThera/Rituxan, Herceptin and Avastin.
In late 2019, after months of increased
antitrust scrutiny, Roche completed
its US$ 5.1 billion acquisition of Spark Therapeutics to strengthen its presence in
gene therapy.
Last year, J&J reported almost flat worldwide sales of US$ 82.1 billion. J&J’s pharmaceutical division generated US$ 42.20 billion and its medical devices and consumer health divisions brought in US$ 25.96 billion and US$ 13.89 billion respectively.
Since J&J’s consumer health division sells analgesics, digestive health along with beauty and oral care products, the US$ 5.43 billion in consumer health sales from over-the-counter drugs and women’s health products was only used in our assessment of J&J’s total pharmaceutical revenues. With combined pharmaceutical sales of US$ 47.63 billion, J&J made it to number three on our list.
While the sales of products like Stelara, Darzalex, Imbruvica, Invega Sustenna drove J&J’s pharmaceutical business to grow by 4 percent over 2018, the firm had to contend with generic competition against key revenue contributors Remicade and Zytiga.
US-headquartered Merck, which is known as
MSD (short for Merck Sharp & Dohme) outside the United States and
Canada, is set to significantly move up the rankings next year fueled by its
cancer drug Keytruda, which witnessed a 55
percent increase in sales to US$ 11.1 billion.
Merck reported total revenues of US$ 41.75 billion and also
announced it will spin off its women’s health drugs,
biosimilar drugs and older products to create a new pharmaceutical
company with US$ 6.5 billion in annual revenues.
The firm had anticipated 2020 sales between US$ 48.8 billion and US$ 50.3 billion however this week it announced that the coronavirus pandemic will reduce 2020 sales by more than $2 billion.
View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)
Humira holds on to remain world’s best-selling drug
AbbVie’s acquisition of Allergan comes as the firm faces the expiration of patent protection for Humira, which brought in a staggering US$ 19.2 billion in sales last year for
the company. AbbVie has failed to successfully acquire or develop a major new
product to replace the sales generated by its flagship drug.
In 2019, Humira’s US revenues increased 8.6 percent to US$ 14.86 billion while internationally, due
to biosimilar competition, the sales dropped 31.1 percent to US$ 4.30 billion.
Bristol Myers Squibb’s Eliquis, which is also marketed by Pfizer, maintained its number two position
and posted total sales of US$ 12.1 billion, a 23 percent increase over 2018.
While Bristol Myers Squibb’s immunotherapy treatment Opdivo, sold in partnership with Ono in Japan, saw sales increase from US$ 7.57 billion to US$ 8.0 billion, the growth paled in comparison to the US$ 3.9
billion revenue increase of Opdivo’s key immunotherapy competitor Merck’s Keytruda.
Keytruda took the number three spot in drug sales that
previously belonged to Celgene’s Revlimid, which witnessed a sales decline from US$ 9.69 billion to US$ 9.4 billion.
Cancer treatment Imbruvica, which is marketed
by J&J and AbbVie, witnessed a 30 percent increase in sales. With US$ 8.1
billion in 2019 revenues, it took the number five position.
View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)
Vaccines – Covid-19 turns competitors into partners
This year has been dominated by the single biggest health emergency in years — the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. As drugs continue to fail to meet expectations, vaccine development has received a lot of attention.
GSK reported the highest vaccine sales of all drugmakers with
total sales of US$ 8.4 billion (GBP 7.16 billion), a significant portion of its
total sales of US$ 41.8 billion (GBP 33.754 billion).
US-based Merck’s vaccine division also reported a significant increase in sales to US$ 8.0 billion and in 2019 received FDA and EU approval to market its Ebola vaccine Ervebo.
This is the first FDA-authorized vaccine against the deadly virus which causes
hemorrhagic fever and spreads from person to person through direct contact with
body fluids.
Pfizer and Sanofi also reported an increase in their vaccine sales to US$ 6.4
billion and US$ 6.2 billion respectively and the Covid-19 pandemic has recently
pushed drugmakers to move faster than ever before and has also converted
competitors into partners.
In a rare move, drug behemoths — Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) —joined hands to develop a vaccine for the novel coronavirus.
The two companies plan to start human trials
in the second half of this year, and if things go right, they will file
for potential approvals by the second half of 2021.
View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)
Our view
Covid-19 has brought the world economy to a grinding halt and shifted the global attention to the pharmaceutical industry’s capability to deliver solutions to address this pandemic.
Our compilation shows that vaccines and drugs
for infectious diseases currently form a tiny fraction of the total sales of
pharmaceutical companies and few drugs against infectious diseases rank high on
the sales list.
This could well explain the limited range of
options currently available to fight Covid-19. With the pandemic currently infecting
over 3 million people spread across more than 200 countries, we can safely
conclude that the scenario in 2020 will change substantially. And so should our
compilation of top drugs for the year.
View Our Interactive Dashboard on Top drugs by sales in 2019 (Free Excel Available)
Impressions: 55099
It has been an
unprecedented week where compliance glitches have emerged from almost all parts
of the globe. This week, PharmaCompass
brings you a compilation of such troubles to give you an idea about the nature
of such compliance issues. And, the problems regulators are facing walking the
tightrope between drug safety and drug availability. Pfizer halts production in India after joint
inspection by four regulatorsPfizer recently halted production at a plant
near Chennai in India, after a PIC/S (short for Pharmaceutical Inspection
Convention and Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme) joint inspection
with regulators from four international agencies, MHRA (Medicines and
Healthcare products Regulatory Agency of the UK), USFDA (United States Food and
Drug Administration), TGA (Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia) and
Health Canada, found various quality control problems. A Pfizer spokesperson told
The Economic Times: “A holistic plan is being developed to address specific inspection observations and to implement enhancements to site operations.” The plant was
acquired by Pfizer through its US $ 17 billion acquisition of Hospira, which had run into a fair share of manufacturing compliance problems with the FDA. Over the last few years, numerous Hospira plants — including those in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia — received warning letters and had to subsequently issue product recalls. The same
facility in Chennai received an FDA warning letter in 2013. Pfizer’s own operations in Asia ran into problems when US FDA investigator Peter Baker uncovered data integrity malpractices at a
finished dosage manufacturing facility in Dalian (China). Teva recalls product exempted from
import alert on Hungarian facilityA little over
two months ago, Teva’s largest sterile medicines plant in Hungary was placed on FDA’s import alert list. When the alert was announced, all drugs produced at the finished dosage forms facility – barring antibiotics Amikacin and Bleomycin – were placed on the import alert list. With a large chunk of drugs and drug ingredients being manufactured outside the US, the American regulator has had to increase its international oversight and ban products manufactured in plants that do not meet the regulatory standards. However, these bans have led to drug shortages. As a result, the FDA has had to (sometimes) exempt products and allow imports from plants that it believes have a poor record. According to the FDA Import Alert records, since 2013 the FDA has allowed eight plants whose products are otherwise banned from the US to go ahead and import some drugs or ingredients in order to avoid drug shortages. Amikacin manufactured at Teva’s Hungary plant was once such drug.However, the FDA’s exemption to prevent a drug shortage suffered a setback when Teva announced
a voluntary recall of seven lots of Amikacin Sulfate Injection due to the potential for the
presence of glass particulate matter. This announcement follows a similar announcement by Teva when one lot of Amikacin was
recalled in March this year. Wockhardt back on FDA’s import alert listJust when it
seemed Wockhardt was getting its compliance act together and putting its problems behind it, its
bulk drug facility got placed on the FDA’s Red List. The bulk drug division in Ankleshwar (Gujarat) is the latest to join FDA’s import alert list, with Wockhardt’s Waluj and Chikalthana (Maharashtra) units already on the list. While
Wockhardt recently said it had received establishment inspection reports (EIR) for the facilities with observations, it also mentioned that the “receipt of EIR does not materially change the status of import alert for the concerned manufacturing units for the US market.” The bulk drug facility in Ankleshwar had received a EU Written Confirmation from the Indian Central Drug Authority for the following seven products – dextromethorphan hydrobromide, adenosine, tamsulosin, nicardipine, cefuroxime axetil, fexofenadine and ceftriaxone sodium. FDA’s warning letter to China’s Xiamen reveals horrific details of GMP deficiencies Chinese drug maker Xiamen Origin Biotech (known
as Attix Xiamen Pharmaceutical in North America) was placed on the
FDA Import Alert list in May 2016. However, it was only recently that its warning letter was put up on the FDA
website, bringing to light the magnitude of GMP deficiencies. According to the warning letter, the company “repeatedly falsified and omitted information on the certificate of analysis (CoA)” issued to customers and went to the extent of fabricating the name of an employee, which was used as a false signing authority on the CoA sent to customers.The company also included an ‘expiration date’ which exceeded the manufacturer’s labeled expiration date without any basis for the extension. In addition, the company made deceptive statements
to the investigator, who also found dirty warehousing spaces and a rodent in
the room adjacent to the warehouse.The FDA’s action in China follows an import alert which was placed on the North American operation of the company – Attix Pharmaceuticals – in Canada in February 2015. The warning letter issued to Attix Canada showed the company was packaging highly potent beta-lactam products “in a facility that is not dedicated to manufacturing beta-lactam drugs”. The practices created “an unacceptable risk of beta-lactam cross-contamination in other beta-lactams and in non-beta-lactam APIs”.An outcome of the North American inspection was a
series of API recalls in both the United States and Canada. Japanese camphor producer refuses inspection; lands up on FDA’s Red ListWhile Wockhardt got placed on FDA’s import alert list as an outcome of an inspection, Nippon Fine Chemical in Japan appeared on the dreaded Red List
for refusing to be inspected.Nippon Fine
Chemical produces pharmaceutical grade Camphor, an active ingredient (along with menthol) in vapor-steam products, such as
Vicks VapoRub. Inno Pharma’s Vitamin D drops with 75 times higher content recalled in DenmarkIn Denmark, Vitamin D drops made by Inno Pharma were recalled recently as the content was “75 times too high”. The product is marketed to infants and pregnant women in Denmark, and sold under the brand ‘Vitamin D3-draber’.The hazardous nature of the drops made the Danish Health Authority (Sundhedsstyrelsen) advise anyone who had taken ‘Vitamin D3-draber’ from Inno Pharma for a week or longer to see their doctor for a blood test to assess the risk posed to them of Vitamin D toxicity. Also known as hypervitaminosis D, this is a rare but
potentially serious condition that occurs when you have excessive amounts of
vitamin D in your body. The main consequence of vitamin D toxicity is a buildup
of calcium in your blood
(hypercalcemia), which can cause poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, frequent
urination and kidney problems.
Impressions: 7225